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Islamic Masculinities

Islamic Masculinities

Lahoucine Ouzgane

(2008)

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Abstract

This innovative book outlines the great complexity, variety and difference of male identities in Islamic societies. From the Taliban orphanages of Afghanistan to the cafés of Morocco, from the experience of couples at infertility clinics in Egypt to that of Iraqi conscripts, it shows how the masculine gender is constructed and negotiated in the Islamic Ummah. It goes far beyond the traditional notion that Islamic masculinities are inseparable from the control of women, and shows how the relationship between spirituality and masculinity is experienced quite differently from the prevailing Western norms. Drawing on sources ranging from modern Arabic literature to discussions of Muhammad‘s virility and Abraham‘s paternity, it portrays ways of being in the world that intertwine with non-Western conceptions of duty to the family, the state and the divine.
'Lahoucine Ouzgane has collated a powerful and impressive collection of essays, making an important and timely contribution to our understanding of men and masculinities. In an age when the complex relationship between Islam and gender has never been more critical, and yet never more susceptible to myth, Islamic Masculinities not only challenges prevalent stereotypes about Muslim men and women, but provides compelling insights into the dynamics of masculine identity construction.' Stephen Whitehead, author of Men and Masculinities: Key themes and new directions 'We have waited a long time for a book on Muslim men and Islamic Masculinities and now we have one. Lahoucine Ouzgane's timely collection covers the key debates about men and masculinity and includes discussion of violence, sexuality, spirituality and power.' Robert Morrell, School of Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal ''Gender problems and gender justice concern men as intimately as they concern women. In recent years, studies of men and masculinities have developed rapidly around the world. Islamic Masculinities is a valuable contribution to this new branch of social science. It is also a challenge.' R.W.Connell, University Professor at the University of Sydney 'The wide-ranging and ground-breaking essays included in Ouzgane's thoughtful collection unequivocally demonstrate the diverse and suggestive complexity of both concepts and practices of Islamic masculinities, sexualities, and gender.' Mary Layoun, Professor and Chair, Department of Comparative Literature, University of Wisconsin 'This new ensemble of well informed essays, which aims to analyse the construction of masculinity within particular social and historical contexts, is welcome. The volume will be more useful for the many researchers in the field of gender studies who are not familiar with Arab-Islamic culture.' Frederic Lagrange, Universite de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris iv) 'This wide-ranging collection of essays provides a diverse commentary on Islamic gender issues, illuminative within specific frameworks of contemplation...Numerous qualities of Islamic masculinity are viewed and benefit from contrast to, and comparison with, Islamic femininity and Western thought...This collection of work therefore combines many differing and insightful elements of Islamic masculinity, setting them within Islamic religious, social and military contexts and locating them within the ongoing discourse between the Islamic and non-Islamic world.' Oxfam Review of Journals
Lahoucine Ouzgane is associate professor of English at the University of Alberta, where his teaching and research interests focus on postcolonial theory and literature, composition and rhetoric, and masculinity studies.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents v
Acknowledgements viii
Islamic masculinities: an introduction 1
Lahoucine Ouzgane\r 1
The essays 3
Notes 7
References 7
one | Masculinities and religion\r 9
1 | Gender and Islamic spirituality: a psychological view of ‘low’ fundamentalism 11
Durre S. Ahmed\r 11
The psychological/theoretical framework 12
Elements of doctrine and practice in Islamic mysticism 16
Ulemas-culinists, money-theists, and other ‘low’ fundamentalists 21
The terror within 23
The hero’s shadow 24
The absence of eros and logos 25
Masculinity in crisis 28
Conclusion 30
Notes 31
References 32
2 | The smile of death and the solemncholy of masculinity 35
Banu Helvacioglu 35
Tragedy is comedy 36
Islamic masculinity, will you please stand up? 45
The end: go in laughter 53
Notes 53
References 55
3 | Alternate images of the Prophet Muhammad’s virility 57
Ruth Roded\r 57
Forthright classical Islamic descriptions of the Prophet’s sexual life 57
Western European attacks on Muhammad’s ‘licentious behaviour’ 59
Modern Muslims’ defensive responses 62
Modern Muslims’ views of sexuality 65
Conclusion 67
Notes 68
References 69
4 | The trial of heritage and the legacy of Abraham 72
Najat Rahman\r 72
Notes 84
References 85
two | Masculinities and the Palestinian–Israeli conflict \r 87
5 | ‘My Wife is from the Jinn’: Palestinian men, diaspora and love 89
Celia Rothenberg\r 89
The jinn and politics in the West Bank 89
On interpretation 91
Diaspora and return 93
Love and desire 96
The power of love 101
Notes 102
References 103
6 | Chasing horses, eating Arabs 105
Rob K. Baum\r 105
The language of struggle 105
The Palestinian position 109
Plot lines 110
Screening male/female sexuality 112
Feminizing the enemy 115
Eating Arabs 118
Notes 120
References 121
7 | Stranger masculinities: gender and politics in a Palestinian–Israeli ‘third space’ 123
Daniel Monterescu\r 123
Identity conflicts and dilemmas of the Palestinian citizens of Israel 125
Jaffa: otherness, strangeness and stereotypes 126
Three competing models of masculinity 128
Stranger masculinities as postcolonial products 137
Notes 138
References 140
three | Masculinities and social practice 143
8 | Gender, power and social change in Morocco 145
Don Conway-Long 145
Social changes 154
Notes 158
References 159
9 | Masculinity and gender violence in Yemen 161
Mohammed Baobaid 161
Methodology 163
Understanding gender violence within the family 163
The status of women in Islamic countries 165
Yemen society 168
Violence against women in Yemen 169
The legalization of gender violence 173
The response of society towards gender violence 175
Conclusion 177
Appendix 180
Notes 181
References 182
10 | Opportunities for masculinity and love: cultural production in Ba'thist Iraq during the 1980s 184
Achim Rohde\r 184
Nationalism and gender 186
Mass culture in Ba'thist Iraq 188
Militarism, war and gender 188
When the land is female, war is love and the nation is a family 190
Conclusion 198
Notes 198
References 199
11 | On being homosexual and Muslim: conflicts and challenges 202
Asifa Siraj\r 202
Source of conflict 204
‘Coming out’ 209
Marriage 210
The challenge to heteronormativity 212
Notes 214
References 215
12 | ‘The worms are weak’: male infertility and patriarchal paradoxes in Egypt 217
Marcia C. Inhorn\r 217
Male infertility in global perspective 217
Methodology 220
Two cases of male infertility 221
Egyptian patriarchy 225
Patriarchy and procreative blame 226
Conclusion 233
Notes 234
References 235
Contributors 238
Index 241