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Iran in Crisis?

Iran in Crisis?

Roger Howard

(2008)

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Book Details

Abstract

Is Iran at a crossroads? The recent US - led wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have brought new opportunities and dangers that could conceivably either herald a new rapprochement between Tehran and Washington or else bring a sharp detorioration that might perhaps spill over into confrontation. At home, profound demographic changes would seem to make far-reaching political changes appear inevitable in a country whose young population is alienated from the clerical elite that pulls the strings of power. This book looks at some of the causes of these domestic international tensions and considers some of the possible outcomes. In particular, it asks: Is Iran really on the way to developing nuclear weapons? What is the Iranian ‘Qods Force‘ doing in Iraq and Afghanistan? And why? What are Iran‘s connections with Middle East terror groups? Could Iran disintegrate if the current regime crumbles? How much of a threat to the regime do dissident organisations pose? The book explains the likely course of events in Iran and the region for both general readers and specialists.
'In a brilliant analysis that is cogent and clear, Howard's book on the ongoing confrontation between the US and Iran could not be more timely. It also gives some stark predictions as to the possible fallout for today's troubled world and some eminently sensible answers as to what can be done to avoid another catastrophe in the Middle East. There is no better study available. A book for the layman as well as the experts, this is a must read.' Ahmed Rashid, journalist and author of Taliban and Jihad 'This wonderfully topical book is as well researched as it is readable. It delves into the mystery and history that makes Iran the country it is today and shows it to be much more complex than the neo-cons and bible-belters in the United States affect to think..' Sir David Gore-Booth, Former Middle East Director British Foreign Office 1989-92 'A deeply informed and acute study of Iran and of American policy and reactions to that country, one which is highly readable and also fair and balanced.' The Rt Hon the Lord Gilmour of Craigmillar
Roger Howard is a British freelance journalist who has travelled widely throughout Iran. He has written extensively on issues of defense and international relations for many newspapers and journals. His work has appeared in The Daily Mail, The New Statesman, The Spectator, Middle East International, Jane's Intelligence Review and the US journal In the National Interest. He has also broadcast for BBC World Service and for television networks.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents v
Acknowledgements vi
Abbreviations and acronyms vii
Introduction 1
Notes 4
Part I: Iran and the USA 5
1 | The American mind 7
The common ground between Iran and the West 11
Neo-conservatism 18
The American mind 21
National catharsis 23
Reliance on force, not diplomacy 24
Rational blueprints 26
Moral superiority 28
American self-righteousness 29
Manichaeism 30
‘Illusions’ 33
‘Popular support’ 35
Using questionable means 36
Ethical intervention 38
Notes 39
2 | Iran and international terror 43
‘Elements within the regime’ 44
Operations against exiled dissidents 45
Iranian hostility to Israel 48
Hezbollah 51
Israeli targets 54
Military supplies and training 56
Iran and Al Qaeda 58
Proving the Iranian-Al Qaeda connection 60
Allegations of double standards 63
Notes 65
3 | The other domino effect 68
Iran and Afghanistan 69
Iran and Afghanistan: US allegations 73
The role of the Revolutionary Guards’ Qods force 74
Military operations in Kurdistan 77
US allegations of Iranian interference in Iraq 80
Iran and SCIRI 81
Unanswered questions about the US approach 85
Notes 87
4 | An Iranian bomb? 89
The West’s nightmare scenario 92
How Iran has built its nuclear programme 94
Unanswered questions about Iran’s nuclear programme 97
Iran’s missile programme 101
Covert attempts to acquire nuclear materials 103
Has US policy aggravated the crisis? 106
Notes 115
Part II: Domestic Crisis 117
5 | Political tensions 119
Democracy and the Iranian constitution 120
Khomeini’s arguments 122
The paradox of Persian political power 124
Constitutional crisis 2002-03 125
The Iranian parliament 128
Judicial harassment of the press and dissidents 130
The rule of law 134
Intellectual disputes 135
The pending crisis 138
The effects of US intervention 138
Frustration with the political process 142
Notes 144
6 | Social and economic malaise 145
Some signs of economic distress 147
Economic problems 149
The lack of a political consensus 153
The lack of democracy 157
US sanctions 160
Notes 161
Part III: Outcomes 163
7 | Popular uprising 165
Washington and ‘popular protest’ 166
Iran’s historic vulnerability to street power 167
Student protests, July 1999 169
New influences 172
Some difficulties of Washington’s approach 176
Foreign support 179
SANAM: misjudging its importance? 180
The radical tradition of Iranian Azerbaijan 183
Separatism within Iran? 185
Notes 187
8 | Dissidents 190
Washington and the Mujahideen-e Khalq (MKO)3 191
Military effectiveness 194
What’s wrong with US support for the MKO 195
‘Terrorism’ 199
Allegations of bribery 201
Effect on Iranian politics 203
The lack of armed opposition to the regime 204
The Iranian security apparatus 206
Notes 211
Conclusion 213
The way forward 216
Notes 219
Select bibliography 220
Articles 221
Index 222