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Abstract
This original study examines women's activism against war in areas as far apart as Sierra Leone, India, Colombia and Palestine. It shows women on different sides of conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and Israel addressing racism and refusing enmity and describes international networks of women opposing US and Western European militarism and the so-called 'war on terror'. These movements, though diverse, are generating an antimilitarist feminism that challenges how war and militarism are understood, both in academic studies and the mainstream anti-war movement. Gender, particularly the form taken by masculinity in a violent sex/gender system, is inseparably linked to economic and ethno-national factors in the perpetuation of war.
'Cynthia Cockburn is one of the most valuable and innovative thinkers/activists/writers helping us all to make sense of women's myriad forms of resistance to war and militarism. She shows how it is they who are crafting fresh thinking about how nationalism, masculinity, imperialism, racism, classism and misogyny each and together fuel militarism and its deadly outcomes. This is a book to open our eyes and move us to action.'
Cynthia Enloe
'Cynthia Cockburn is one of the best gender researchers in the world. In this very important book she opens global perspectives on women's politics and the struggle for peace, linking activist experience with up-to-date gender analysis.'
Raewyn Connell, University of Sydney
'..the book is welcome in that it highlights the positive role of worldwide women-only groups in opposing war, racism and violence against women and children.'
Jean Turner, Morning Star
'A vivid, comprehensive, and compelling account of the day-to-day efforts of women peacebuilders and leaves the reader enlightened and enriched.'
Gender and Development
Cynthia Cockburn, a feminist researcher and writer, is Visiting Professor in the Department of Sociology at City University and active in the international anti-militarist network Women in Black.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover\r | Cover | ||
Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
Origins of the book | 2 | ||
Research approach | 3 | ||
Some concepts and theories | 5 | ||
The shape of the book | 8 | ||
1: Different wars, women’s responses | 13 | ||
The women’s movement against war in Colombia | 13 | ||
A feminist response to genocide in Gujarat | 23 | ||
Sierra Leone: women, civil society and the rebuilding ofpeace | 33 | ||
2: Against imperialist wars: three transnational networks | 48 | ||
Women in Black – for justice – against war | 51 | ||
Code Pink: Women for Peace | 62 | ||
East Asia–US–Puerto Rico Women’s Network against Militarism | 67 | ||
3: Disloyal to nation and state: antimilitarist women in Serbia | 79 | ||
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: the manipulation ofnational identity | 80 | ||
A feminist response to nationalism and war | 83 | ||
Feminist analysis and counter-information | 86 | ||
Addressing the deadly issues of identity and place | 88 | ||
The personal is international | 93 | ||
After war: from guilt to responsibility | 101 | ||
4: A refusal of othering: Palestinian and Israeli women | 106 | ||
The creation of Israel: ‘independence’ and ‘catastrophe’ | 106 | ||
‘Facts on the ground’: unilateral Israeli moves | 109 | ||
Israeli activism against the occupation | 110 | ||
Bat Shalom, the Jerusalem Center for Women and the Jerusalem Link | 112 | ||
Problems of dialogue: Palestinian perspectives | 116 | ||
Problems of dialogue: Israeli perspectives | 118 | ||
‘Being women’: a basis for dialogue? | 120 | ||
Within Israel: Palestinians in a Jewish state | 122 | ||
Moving beyond dialogue | 125 | ||
5: Achievements and contradictions:WILPF and the UN | 132 | ||
The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom | 133 | ||
WILPF’s organization and scope | 136 | ||
Carrying ‘women, peace and security’ into the UN | 138 | ||
Implementation: the hard road from rhetoric to practice | 143 | ||
Limitations of the institutional route | 147 | ||
A valuable lever for women anti-war activists | 152 | ||
6: Methodology of women’s protest | 156 | ||
Responsible process, minimal structure | 157 | ||
Vigilling and other street work | 160 | ||
From the schools to the law courts | 164 | ||
Ritual and symbolism | 170 | ||
The political use of silence | 172 | ||
Women’s peace camps | 173 | ||
Nonviolent direct action: putting the body into play | 176 | ||
Prefigurative struggle | 178 | ||
7: Towards coherence: pacifism, nationalism, racism | 181 | ||
Peace, justice and solidarity | 181 | ||
National belonging and ethnic otherness | 192 | ||
Committed to creative argument | 202 | ||
8: Choosing to be ‘women’: what war says to feminism | 206 | ||
The valorization of everyday life | 208 | ||
The trope of motherhood | 209 | ||
Male sex/sexual violence | 212 | ||
Organizing as ‘women-only’ | 215 | ||
Soldiering: women who want to, men who don’t | 222 | ||
A feminism evoked by militarism and war | 225 | ||
9: Gender, violence and war: what feminism says to war studies | 231 | ||
War and security: feminists’ marginal notes on internationalrelations | 232 | ||
The sociology of war and militarism: doing gender | 235 | ||
Theory grounded in women’s experience of war | 239 | ||
Masculinity and policy: an erect posture on the home front | 242 | ||
Military needs: enough aggression, not too much | 247 | ||
Three others: the woman, the labourer and the stranger | 252 | ||
Bibliography | 260 | ||
Index | 276 |