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Exploited

Exploited

Toby Shelley

(2008)

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Abstract

From cleaning to construction, from agriculture to domestic work, every day migrant labourers are exploited and enslaved. Extra hours are squeezed out of Polish food packers, and trafficked African children are used for forced labour. Low wages are used to drive down prices from the oil industry to airport services. In this book, Toby Shelley shows that current unprecedented flows of migrant workers are a direct result of economic liberalization. The appalling conditions and legal abuses which confront these workers are not a premodern aberration, but an integral part of the global economy. Shelley argues that even governments, keen to protect big business, are complicit in this exploitation; their 'law and order' approach on immigration being part of this complicity. Based on interviews and investigations with workers, unionists and activists, Exploited is a powerful and shocking read.
Toby Shelley is a journalist with the Financial Times. Over the past twenty years he has reported from across Africa and the Middle East. His previous books include Nanotechnology (2006), Oil (2005) and Endgame in the Western Sahara (2004). He is a member of the Council of Management of the radical development charity War on Want.
'...Toby Shelley presents a powerful legal and moral indictment against the governments and companies of the world in the exploitation of labour.' Marcus Papadopoulos, Tribune. 'Shelley provides superb reporting and horrific anecdotes to describe the unfolding tragedy...Terse and angry, he reveals how time and time again, people jump through hoops of horror to live in lands that offer opportunity.' Yale Global Online 'Shelley's impressive data and sustained argument make this book an important resource' Phil Marfleet, International Socialism

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction 1
1 11
Migration in Context 11
Stereotypes, myths and obsessions 15
Push and pull – why people migrate 18
The immortal worker 24
Migratory tides 31
2 41
Migrant Labour 41
The Food Industry 43
The gangmaster 51
Morecambe Bay 57
Exploited 59
Ernesto and Celinda 62
The Cleaning Industry 65
Construction 72
Structural labour shortage 75
The abuse of labour: from the Lump to Losc 78
Turning a blind eye 82
Land, Sea and Airports 84
In the galleys 85
North Sea labour crisis 88
Hospitality 92
Domestic Labour 98
Child slavery in suburbia 105
The Sex Industry 108
The flesh trade 111
Victim, but whose victim? 116
3 121
Impacts 121
Migrant labour and the economy 123
Employment and wage levels 124
Schools, health care and housing 130
The pillage of exporting countries 133
The challenge 136
4 138
Government Response and Responsibilities 138
Determination: colour coding migrant workers 139
Enforcement – arbitrary, costly, ineffective 143
Policing: rights come second 149
Conclusion 155
Notes 162
Introduction 162
Chapter 1 162
Chapter 2 165
Chapter 3 171
Chapter 4 173
Conclusion 174
Index 175