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European Multiculturalism Revisited

European Multiculturalism Revisited

Alessandro Silj | Stephan Lanz | Stefano Allievi | Tina Gudrun Jensen | Professor Malehia Malik | Valerie Amiraux | Thijl Sunier | Christophe Bertossi

(2010)

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Abstract

European Multiculturalism Revisited analyses the alleged crises of the main ‘models’ of multicultural societies experienced by Europe since the end of World War II, based on research conducted by local scholars in the UK, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, France and Germany. Each chapter provides an historical account of how the model developed and was implemented in the country in question, followed by an in-depth analysis of the factors that have led to the claim that the model has failed. The questions being, Did it actually fail? And if it failed was it because of some intrinsic weaknesses or external circumstances? This volume is a groundbreaking contribution to a topic of vital contemporary importance.
Alessandro Silj is Founder and Director of Ethnobarometer, a European research network on migration and inter-ethnic relations, and author of several books and essays on European affairs and Italian politics. He is also Secretary General, of the Italian Social Science Council (CSS).
'It is good to find a book which is not taken in by a false political rhetoric but is willing to adapt and defend multiculturalism across Europe. This book is to be recommended to students and specialists alike.' Tariq Modood, University of Bristol 'An excellent overview of the so-called 'crisis of multiculturalism' in W. Europe. The contributors explore beneath the stereotypes, which have dominated public discussion of this 'crisis', to reveal the complex reality of the cultural pluralism produced by global migration.' John Eade, Centre for Research on Nationalism, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism 'What it brings to the discussion is a wealth of fascinating material grounded in facts: a welcome addition to the literature.' H.A. Hellyer, University of Warwick and author of Muslims of Europe' 'Written in a refreshing, accessible style the book deserves to be the starting point for any serious academic or policy analysis. An essential purchase.' Sean Carey, Roehampton University

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction 1
European responses to multiculturalism 3
The crisis of multiculturalism 9
1 Progressive multiculturalism: the British experience 11
Multiculturalism as a model for minority integration 12
Progressive multiculturalism as a model for minority integration 20
British multiculturalism 33
The emergence of multiculturalism 50
Conclusion 58
Notes 59
References 61
2 Crisis and new challenges? French republicanism featuring multiculturalism 65
The historical path to colour-, race and culture-blind France 68
Contemporary challenges and the reflexive turn 80
Conclusion 93
Notes 96
References 99
3 The German Sonderweg: multiculturalism as ‘racism with a distance’ 105
The historical continuity of German immigration policy 106
The recruitment ban and its results 110
From a homogeneous society to multiculturalism 114
After the Kohl era: political reforms of the red–green government 125
The West and the rest: Muslims as the ‘Other’ 131
'The hype about hybridity': diversity-recognizing multiculturalism 136
Between frontier fortification and hybridity 141
References 141
4 Multiculturalism in Italy: the missing model 147
From country of emigration to country of immigration 147
The legislative process: how the missing model was built 149
Recognizing cultures through a religious lens? 160
Cultural (in)comprehension: anti-multiculturalism without multiculturalism 165
Conclusion: is no model a good model? 171
Notes 173
References 177
5 ‘Making room’: encompassing diversity in Denmark 181
Outlines of a Danish model 184
Immigration and integration in Danish politics 189
Cultures as obstacles to integration 198
Authentication or implosion of the Danish model? 204
Notes 208
References 210
6 Assimilation by conviction or by coercion? Integration policies in the Netherlands 214
The 1980s: cultural diversity as a transitory status quo 218
The 1990s: assimilation in jeopardy? 222
The 2000s: the turning tide 227
The post-Gogh events: the politics of assimilation by coercion 231
Notes 233
References 234
Conclusion: Mistaken models of integration? A critical perspective on the crisis of multiculturalism in Europe 235
Questioning models of integration 238
Revisiting European traditional models 240
The performative effect of models 243
A crisis of integration, really? 247
References 250
About the contributors 252
Index 255