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Book Details
Abstract
Citizenship and the environment are hotly debated, as climate change places more responsibility on individuals and institutions in shaping policy. Using new evidence and cases from across the globe, Environment and Citizenship explores the new vocabulary of ecological citizenship and examines how successful environmental policy-making depends on the responsible actions of citizens and civil society organizations as much as on governments and international treaties. This accessible and thought-provoking book:
- provides a comprehensive and timely guide to the debates on environmental and ecological citizenship, expertly combining examples of practice with theory;
- examines how environmental movements have become increasingly involved in governance processes at the local, national, regional and intergovernmental levels;
- explores the increasing importance of corporations and transnational networks through examples of stakeholding processes and participatory research in environmental decision-making;
- calls on researchers, policy-makers and activists to face a new challenge: how to effectively link environmental justice with social justice.
Breaking new ground, Smith and Pangsapa address how environmental responsibility operates through politics, ethics, culture and the everyday experiences of ctivists, as well as how awareness of environmental and social injustice only leads to responsible actions and strategic change through civic engagement.
'Clearly written, cleverly argued and comprehensively supported by evidence, Environment and Citizenship should be on everybody's reading list. A major contribution to the study of responsibility, justice and the environment.'
Bryan S. Turner, Co-editor of Citizenship Studies
'Truly essential reading. Written at a time when citizenship, justice and virtue ethics have made their way - at last - on to the top table of environmental and social thinking, Smith and Pangsapa have woven them all into a magisterial manifesto for sustainability, justice and civic engagement. Buttressed by case studies from around the world, leavened with recommendations for institutional reform, and with its sights set on the urban as much as the rural context, the book in your hands is an agenda-setting contribution to environmental and social thought and action.'
Andy Dobson, Keele University
Dr. Mark J. Smith is author or editor of numerous books including Ecologism: Towards Ecological Citizenship (1998), Social Science in Question (1998), Thinking through the Environment (1999), Rethinking State Theory (2000) and articles on environment, politics and corporate responsibility.
Dr. Piya Pangsapa is the author of Textures of Struggle (2007) as well as articles on migration, women's rights and labour standards, ethnographic research methods and cultural inclusivity in American universities.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Figures, tables and boxes | viii | ||
| Figures | viii | ||
| Acknowledgements | ix | ||
| Introduction: environment, obligation and citizenship | 1 | ||
| Part I Theory informed by practice | 7 | ||
| 1 | From environmental justice to environmental citizenship | 9 | ||
| Citizens, exclusion and the politics of obligation | 9 | ||
| The ‘why’ question | 10 | ||
| Challenging environmental common sense through science: the ‘how’ question | 11 | ||
| Integrating social and natural science: the ‘where’ and ‘when’ questions | 14 | ||
| How not to deal with 21,000 tons of toxics: revisiting Love Canal | 15 | ||
| Beyond Love Canal: environmentalism gets serious about who, what, where and when! | 19 | ||
| Beyond the NGO revolution: negotiating the social andenvironmental justice conundrum | 22 | ||
| 2 | Citizens, citizenship and citizenization | 27 | ||
| The new terrain of citizenship | 27 | ||
| Beyond civil, political and social citizenship | 28 | ||
| Citizenship and agonistic democracy: adversaries rather than enemies | 32 | ||
| Identity and citizenship through gender: engendering citizenship | 37 | ||
| Identity and citizenship through cultural difference | 44 | ||
| Understanding the circuit of justice: from entitlements and obligations to virtues | 50 | ||
| The unfinished business of citizenship: towards a theory of citizenization | 55 | ||
| Table 2.1 Political systems and citizenship traditions | 29 | ||
| Box 2.1 Transnational networking and the environment | 33 | ||
| Box 2.2 Feminist and eco-feminist thinking | 40 | ||
| Box 2.3 Between the who and the we: the Bemidji statement of the Iroquois nation | 49 | ||
| Figure 2.1 Changing identities under apartheid | 47 | ||
| Figure 2.2 Circuits of justice | 52 | ||
| Figure 2.3 The ethical teardrop | 53 | ||
| 3 | Rethinking environment and citizenship | 59 | ||
| Questioning the starting point | 59 | ||
| Minding the gaps: from ‘attitudes and behaviour’ to ‘values and action’ | 62 | ||
| Globalization and citizenship | 70 | ||
| Citizen types | 73 | ||
| Liberal environmental citizenship | 76 | ||
| Subjectivities and the discursive territory of ecological citizenship | 78 | ||
| Clarifying obligation | 82 | ||
| Conclusion: towards ecological virtues | 85 | ||
| Box 3.1 Educating environmental citizens in the UK | 66 | ||
| Box 3.2 Transdisciplinary research and the environment | 68 | ||
| Box 3.3 Thinking through ecological citizenship | 80 | ||
| Table 3.1 Contrasting Mode 1 and Mode 2 | 70 | ||
| Table 3.2 Dobson’s three types of citizenship | 75 | ||
| Table 3.3 Classifying citizenly relations | 81 | ||
| Table 3.4 Rules, norms and obligations | 84 | ||
| Part II Practice informed by theory | 87 | ||
| 4 | Environmental governance, social movements and citizenship in a global context | 89 | ||
| Introduction: from regulation to obligation at a global level | 89 | ||
| Global commons and international environmental regimes | 91 | ||
| Difficult cases in the search for international agreement: state regulation through the lens of self-regulation | 98 | ||
| Citizenship, movements and environmental governance from above/below | 105 | ||
| Explaining environmental movements and the links with Green party politics | 111 | ||
| Mobilizing communities: the Kalamas campaign | 115 | ||
| Building common causes: integrating movements across issues | 117 | ||
| Managing development in a more sustainable way: learning from European experience | 127 | ||
| What can be done in developing societies? Living with 9 billion people who deserve a good life and environmental quality | 134 | ||
| Box 4.1 Potential conflicts over environmental resources in the Arctic region | 90 | ||
| Box 4.2 Thematic elements of Sustainable Forest Management | 103 | ||
| Table 4.1 Old and new social movements | 108 | ||
| Table 4.2 Materialist and post-materialist goals | 110 | ||
| Table 4.3 Socialist variations in Western societies | 121 | ||
| 5 | Corporate responsibility and environmental sustainability | 139 | ||
| Coordinating the two ends of the global supply chain: linking production to consumption | 139 | ||
| Taking corporate obligations seriously: building on ecological modernization | 148 | ||
| The reinvention of ‘the citizen’: from constituencies to stakeholders in the global corporate sector | 157 | ||
| New and emergent visions of corporate responsibility | 161 | ||
| Taking the intangible seriously: the basis of the UN Global Compact | 164 | ||
| Making the Global Compact effective | 167 | ||
| Conclusion: going beyond social and environmental responsibility towards corporate citizenship | 173 | ||
| Box 5.1 Wal-Mart and responsibility | 141 | ||
| Box 5.2 A case study in greening business | 145 | ||
| Figure 5.1 The UN Global Compact constellation | 171 | ||
| 6 | Environmental borderlands | 175 | ||
| Introduction: territory, responsibility and borders | 175 | ||
| Liquid politics on land and at sea: mobilities, flows and connections | 177 | ||
| Case 1: responsibility, Love Canal and the US–Canada border | 181 | ||
| Case 2: the Bay of Gibraltar and transnational answers to political deadlock | 189 | ||
| Case 3: exporting environmental degradation in South-East Asia | 194 | ||
| Rethinking environmental borders and citizenship | 204 | ||
| Figure 6.1 Location of significant Niagara river waste sites in the USA | 182 | ||
| Figure 6.2 Areas of concern in the Great Lakes–St Lawrence River Basin | 186 | ||
| Box 6.1 Dams, displaced peoples and environmental degradation | 198 | ||
| Table 6.1 Trans-border issues – different kinds of borders | 206 | ||
| 7 | Insiders and outsiders in environmental mobilizations in South-East Asia | 209 | ||
| On the importance of hegemony: rethinking civil society and the state | 212 | ||
| Environmental activism and the popular-democratic assemblies | 214 | ||
| High-society (hi-so) initiatives and NGO environmental activism | 226 | ||
| Participatory environmental research | 230 | ||
| After Thaksin and the generals: the new political context in Thailand | 235 | ||
| Box 7.1 Community campaigns against toxic cocktails | 222 | ||
| Figure 7.1 The people are watching | 227 | ||
| Table 7.1 Indigenous land classification of Thawangpha | 233 | ||
| Table 7.2 Scientific land classification of Thawangpha village | 234 | ||
| Boxes | viii | ||
| 8 | The new vocabulary of ecological citizenship | 239 | ||
| Introduction | 239 | ||
| Cleaner, safer but not always greener – does it have to be this way? | 239 | ||
| The UK: responsibility in context | 243 | ||
| Values and the environment | 249 | ||
| On the importance of ethnographic research on social and environmental justice | 255 | ||
| Box 8.1 Understanding the intrinsic value of natural things | 251 | ||
| Figure 8.1 Colour-coded partnerships and networks between transnational private organizations | 261 | ||
| Tables | viii | ||
| Bibliography | 264 | ||
| Index | 283 |