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East Asian Sexualities

East Asian Sexualities

Stevi Jackson | Jieyu Liu | Juhyun Woo

(2009)

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Abstract

This book paints a vivid picture of women's active involvement in reshaping intimate and public sexual life in East Asia. In bringing together exciting new feminist research on sexuality from East Asia and making it available to a wider audience, East Asian Sexualities unsettles stereotypes, rectifies lack of awareness and demonstrates that East Asia matters. The chapters address the diversity and variety of everyday sexual lives and sexual politics in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and Japan. They range from workplace sexual cultures, trans-national sexual relations, the conditions of sex-work and the emergence of new sexual desires, cultures and movements. The contributors highlight the gendered and sexual consequences of globalization and rapid social change. In doing so, they engage with western debates on late modernity while also exploring the contested understandings of modernization and westernization in the East. This is a collection which illuminates the local situations in which women's sexual lives are lived and offers fresh perspectives on global issues.
'East Asian Sexualities offers eleven fascinating studies of the interplay of sexuality and modernity in contemporary East Asian societies. This is a book which will spark new debate over the impact of modernity and globalisation on the traditional gender systems in Asian. The editors are to be congratulated for making this pioneering work available to a western audience.' Delia Davin, University of Leeds 'This highly accessible text will be much appreciated by readers committed to widening the global conversation about the meanings and tasks of a feminist sexual politics.' Harriet Evans, University of Westminster 'This collection is an enlightening read from cover to cover, recommended for anyone with an interest in gender, personal life, globalisation, 'modernisation' or the impact of Western cultural hegemony. The leading edge research of new and established scholars provides unique insight into social change in East Asia. The focus on sexualities is timely and an antidote to sexualising discourse of 'orientalism' and Western decadence.' Lynn Jamieson, University of Edinburgh
Stevi Jackson is Professor of Women's Studies and Director of the Centre for Women's Studies at the University of York, UK. She works on theories of gender and sexuality and is author of a number of books including Heterosexuality in Question (1999) and Theorizing Sexuality (2008). She has co-edited, with Sue Scott, Feminism and Sexuality (1997) and Gender: A Sociological Reader (2001). Liu Jieyu is Academic Fellow of the White Rose East Asian Centre based at the University of Leeds, having previously been Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Glasgow. She is the author of Gender and Work in Urban China: Women Workers of the Unlucky Generation (2007) and of journal articles on women workers in China. Woo Juhyun has completed a PhD at the University of York on narratives of sexual citizenship and is pursuing further research on narratives of sexuality at the University of York.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Note on Asian Names vii
Acknowledgements viii
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction: Reflections on Gender, Modernity and East Asian Sexualities\r 1
‘East’ and ‘West’: imaginative geographies 4
East Asia matters: some historical background 6
Conceptualizing intimacy and modernity: making sense of local and global change 10
Intimacy, sexuality and everyday life 17
Work, economics and sexuality 19
Global flows and local change 21
Conclusion 25
Notes 26
References 26
Part I Sex and Work 31
1 Global Cinderellas: Sexuality, Power and Situational Practices across Borders 33
Negotiating sexuality transnationally 33
Female migrant workers in East Asia 36
Luisa’s story 37
Santi’s story 42
Conclusion 46
Notes 48
2 The Making of Sekuhara: Sexual Harassment in Japanese Culture 52
Sexual harassment: before and after 53
Sexual harassment and corporate culture 56
Worse than quid pro quo 58
Sekuhara as a wild card: its impact and ambiguity 60
Crucial advancement or a façade? 63
The politics of sekuhara 65
Notes 66
References 67
3 The Office Party: Corporate Sexual Culture and Sexual Harassment in the South Korean Workplace 69
Organizational culture 69
Gender, sexuality and organizational culture in Korea 71
Leisure culture and the office party 73
The cultural importance of drinking 74
A sexualized environment 77
Conclusion 82
Notes 83
References 83
4 Sexualized Labour? ‘White-collar Beauties’ in Provincial China 85
Sexuality at work: the feminist literature 86
The study 88
‘Being pretty but not sexy’ 88
Sexualized encounters in the company offices 90
Three-step socializing outside the organizational setting 92
Negotiating the sexualized business culture 97
Conclusion 99
Notes 100
References 101
5 Sex and Work in Sex Work: Negotiating Sex and Work among Taiwanese Sex Workers 104
Forms of labour in the Taiwanese sex industry 106
The labour dimensions of sex work 106
Negotiating the boundary between sex as sex and sex as work: the ‘boyfriend narrative’ 112
Techniques of boundary management 113
Falling in love with ‘real human beings’ 117
Conclusion 119
Notes 120
References 120
6 Beyond Sex Work: An Analysis of Xiaojies’ Understandings of Work in the Pearl River Delta Area, China 123
‘Second virginity’: from rural wives to urban xiaojies 125
New image: from ‘country bumpkin’ to stylish xiaojie 128
Beyond ‘sex’ and ‘work’ 131
Conclusion 134
Notes 135
References 136
Part II The Politics and Practice of Intimate Relationships 139
7 The Sexual Politics of Difference in Post-IMF Korea: Challenges of the Lesbian Rights and Sex Workers’ Movements 141
Globalization and the identity ‘crisis’ of the post-IMF women’s movement 142
The lesbian rights movement: challenges to feminist gender politics 145
Sex workers’ movement: the challenge of agency for gender politics 149
Conclusion 154
Notes 155
References 156
8 ‘How Did You Two Meet?’ Lesbian Partnerships in Present-day Japan 161
The wider context: heterosexual norms and lesbian lives 161
How did they meet and how did the relationship begin? 164
Living the life: resistance, decisions, obstacles and support 168
Settling down 170
Conclusion 175
Notes 176
References 176
9 Chinese Women’s Stories of Love, Marriage and Sexuality 178
Love and sex 178
Emotional feelings and marriage 185
Sex and marriage 191
Conclusion: love, marriage, sex and morality 193
Notes 194
References 194
10 Talking about ‘Good Sex’: Hong Kong Women’s Sexuality in the Twenty-fi rst Century 195
Surveying sex in Hong Kong 197
Table 10.1 Socio-demographic profile 198
Good sex and intimacy 199
Knowledge and experiences of various sexual activities 202
Table 10.2 How do you like the following activities? 204
Deviating from the norm 204
Table 10.3 Will you consider/do you like having sex with someone of the opposite sex, the same sex, with yourself (masturbation)? 205
Table 10.4 What are your views on women masturbating? 206
Orgasms and sex 206
Table 10.5a Which of the following methods allow you to easily reach orgasm? 208
Table 10.5b Usually under what circumstances can you reach orgasm? 208
Table 10.5c Under what circumstances can you reach orgasm through vaginal intercourse? 208
Talking about sex 209
Table 10.6a You have told your partner you could not reach orgasm during sex. What was his/her response? 210
Table 10.6b You have never told your partner you could notr each orgasm during sex. Why? 210
Women and sex in twenty-first-century Hong Kong – some concluding remarks 212
Notes 213
References 213
11 Becoming ‘the First Wives’: Gender, Intimacy and the Regional Economy across the Taiwan Strait 216
The Asian regional economy and ‘the first wives’ 217
Domestication of Taiwanese women 219
The immoral other Chinese women 221
Flexible intimacy and gendered self-realization 224
Conclusion 230
Notes 231
References 233
Index 236