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Abstract
With the expansion of the EU in 2004 and its inclusion now of 25 European countries, the movement of workers across the Continent will affect the employment opportunities of women. But as this up-to-date investigation across nine countries shows, there remain significant differences amongst specific European countries regarding women's education and employment opportunities. Taking 1945 as its historical starting point, this sociological study, based on some 900 questionnaire responses and more than 300 in-depth interviews, explores the complex inter-relationship between women's employment, the institutionalization of equal opportunities, and Women's Studies training.
This volume is the first to explore what happens to women who have undertaken Women's Studies training in the labour market. Factors influencing their actual employment experiences include employment opportunities for women in each country, their expectations of the labour market and gender norms informing those expectations, how far equal opportunities are actually enforced and the strength of local women's movements.
Doing Women's Studies provides unique information about, and insightful analyses of, the changing patterns of women's employment in Europe; equal opportunities in a cross-European perspective; educational migration; gender, race, ethnicity and nationality; and the uneven prevalence and impact of Women's Studies on the lifestyles and everyday practices of those women who have experienced it. The contributors are prominent feminist researchers from nine European countries. Their findings will be of interest to sociologists and gender studies experts working in the areas of gender, employment, equal opportunities and the impact of education on employment.
'The book provides some unique and insightful comparative data and analysis about Doing Women's Studies across both Western and Eastern Europe, the impact it can have on individuals and the role played by national traditions, histories and cultures. The comparison of East and West European countries is particularly timely. The volume will therefore be a worthwhile read for a wide variety of students and experts, including, but not limited to, those of women's and gender studies, equal opportunities, education, employment, sociology and European studies.'
Abigail Powell, Loughborough University
'I found much that is useful and positive in the contents of this book, which I believe is a valuable addition to the literature on twenty-first century research into women, education and employment.'
Studies in Continuing Education
Gabriele Griffin is Professor of Gender Studies at the University of Hull. She is the co-founding editor of The Feminist Theory Journal. Recent publications include Contemporary Black and Asian Women Playwrights in Britain (2003), Thinking Differently: A Reader in European Women's Studies, co-edited with Rosi Braidotti (Zed 2002), and HIV/AIDS and Representation: Visibility Blue/s (2000).
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
Contents | v | ||
Tables and figure | viii | ||
Acknowledgements | xi | ||
Introduction: Gabriele Griffin | 1 | ||
Notes | 11 | ||
1 | Employment opportunities for women in Europe | 13 | ||
Theoretical perspectives on women’s employment in Europe | 14 | ||
Main features of women’s employment in Europe | 21 | ||
Potential impact of Women’s Studies training on equality of opportunity in employment in the EU | 57 | ||
Conclusions | 61 | ||
2 | Equal opportunities in cross-European perspective | 64 | ||
Processes of institutionalization of equal opportunities | 64 | ||
(Un)equal opportunities in practice: the views of Women’s Studies students | 69 | ||
Equal opportunities and employment | 75 | ||
Equal opportunities and Women’s Studies: Women’s Studies graduates as agents of social change | 79 | ||
Conclusions | 86 | ||
Notes | 88 | ||
3 | The institutionalization of Women’s Studies in Europe | 89 | ||
The institutionalization process of Women’s Studies in Europe | 89 | ||
Some consequences of the uneven development of the institutionalization of Women’s Studies | 95 | ||
Some conclusions - future agendas | 108 | ||
Notes | 109 | ||
4 |The professionalization of Women’s Studies students in Europe: expectations and experiences | 111 | ||
Research questions and methodology | 113 | ||
Expectations and experiences of Women’s Studies training | 115 | ||
Employment sectors for Women’s Studies | 117 | ||
Women’s Studies training as a professionalization process | 119 | ||
Women’s Studies offers professionalization of equal opportunities | 121 | ||
Gender expertise is of use in civil society | 124 | ||
Professionalization as mobility for specialists | 125 | ||
Women’s Studies students professionalize themselves in the labour market | 125 | ||
The professionalism of Women’s Studies graduates | 126 | ||
Transferable skills and the feminist lens | 128 | ||
Gender expertise | 128 | ||
Innovative working life practices | 129 | ||
Discourses of work and career | 132 | ||
Conclusion | 138 | ||
Notes | 139 | ||
5 | The impact of Women’s Studies on its students’ relationships and everyday practices | 141 | ||
Accessing Women’s Studies training | 141 | ||
The impact of Women’s Studies on its students’ personal lives | 147 | ||
Women’s Studies as an identity project | 148 | ||
How Women’s Studies achieves its impact | 151 | ||
Cultural contexts and Women’s Studies | 153 | ||
Socio-domestic lifestyles | 155 | ||
Relationships within the family | 156 | ||
Relationships with children | 159 | ||
Relationships with partners and domestic arrangements | 161 | ||
Female friendship networks | 164 | ||
Overall quality of life | 165 | ||
Notes | 167 | ||
6 | Educational migration and gender: Women’s Studies students’ educational mobility in Europe | 168 | ||
Student mobility in Women’s Studies - the numbers | 170 | ||
‘Receiving’ and ‘sending’: divisions by country | 171 | ||
Erasmus student mobility in general and gender equality | 175 | ||
Courses and credits | 178 | ||
Information and funding | 179 | ||
Motives for and impediments to studying abroad | 181 | ||
The experience of studying abroad | 185 | ||
The impact of study abroad on educational migrants | 186 | ||
Educational migration and European citizenship - some conclusions | 191 | ||
Notes | 193 | ||
7 | Gender, race, ethnicity and nationality in Europe: findings from a survey | 195 | ||
Race, ethnicity, migration and Europe | 195 | ||
Answering the question about ethnic background | 200 | ||
Colour matters | 202 | ||
Nationality | 203 | ||
The matter of regions | 204 | ||
Religion and ethnic background | 205 | ||
Other ways of seeing ethnic background | 207 | ||
Conclusions | 208 | ||
Notes | 211 | ||
8 | Comparative research in Europe | 213 | ||
Research questions and design | 214 | ||
Multidisciplinarity | 218 | ||
Frameworks for communication | 219 | ||
Concepts and intellectual mapping | 222 | ||
Quantitative and qualitative research methods | 225 | ||
Comparability and non-harmonized data | 227 | ||
Comparability and harmonized data | 229 | ||
Standardization | 230 | ||
Conclusions | 232 | ||
Notes | 234 | ||
Notes on contributors | 236 | ||
References | 239 | ||
Index | 251 |