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Celebrity and the Environment

Celebrity and the Environment

Dan Brockington

(2009)

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Abstract

The battle to save the world is being joined by a powerful new group of warriors. Celebrities are lending their name to conservation causes, and conservation itself is growing its own stars to fight and speak for nature. In this timely and essential book, Dan Brockington argues that this alliance grows from the mutually supportive publicity celebrity and conservation causes provide for each other, and more fundamentally, that the flourishing of celebrity and charismatic conservation is part of an ever-closer intertwining of conservation and corporate capitalism. Celebrity promotions, the investments of rich executives, and the wealthy social networks of charismatic conservationists are producing more commodified and commercial conservation strategies; conservation becomes an ever more important means of generating profit. Celebrity and the Environment provides vital critical analysis of this new phenomena and argues that, ironically, there may be a hidden cost to celebrity power to individual's relationships with the wild. The author argues that whilst wildlife television documentaries flourish, there is a significant decline in visits to national parks in many countries around the world and this is evidence that t a time when conservationists are calling for us to restore our relationships with the wild, many people are doing so simply by following the exploits of celebrity conservationists.
'This is a fascinating and important book, which also happens to be funny and beautifully written. Dan Brockington presents a challenge we cannot duck to everyone with an interest in conservation and the environment.' George Monbiot 'International development has become sexy, environmentalism convenient, and saving the world has never seemed so easy (yet so remote). This book will be invaluable for anyone who wants to understand why celebrity activism has become inextricable from global social movements.' Lisa Ann Richey, Roskilde University and Stefano Ponte, Danish Institute for International Studies 'If you care about nature conservation you will find this book both engrossing and alarming.' Noel Castree, author of Nature (2005) 'Dan Brockington has emerged as a leading critical voice on the theory and practice of conservation. In this innovative and exciting book, he examines the role of celebrities in environmental causes over the last 50 years ...You will think about celebrity conservationists in a different way after reading this book.' William Beinart, African Studies Centre, University of Oxford 'For anyone who has wondered why there seems to be a famous face attached to almost every environmental organization, or how environmental organizations exploit, even indenture their chosen celebrities, or how celebrity distorts the essential message of conservation, this book is a must read.' Mark Dowie, author Conservation Refugees: The Hundred Year Conflict Between Global Conservation and Native Peoples (2009) 'This is a pioneering book and is sure to have an impact in both the celebrity and environmental studies fields' Graham Huggan, University of Leeds 'This is a rare book that makes you stop, think and wonder about what you took for granted ... a cracking good tale. This is a journey across contents , one that leaves you with a sense of disquiet as well as curiosity... a work that makes us think deeply about the modern condition and about why being informed is about more than knowing the label of the cause a famous name or face is promoting. A must for the conservation community, the development lot, for the social scienes and all those with a serious desire to know the planet as much as save it.' Mahesh Rangarajan, University of Delhi. 'More exposé than a tabloid. More weight than a broadsheet ...Brockington lends academic muscle to what, I suspect, many of us instinctively feel about these issues. Extensively researched yet winsomely written and, thankfully, not veering into cynicism which a book on this subject could easily do. Enlightening and easily accessible by the armchair environmentalist.' Terry Clark, St. Luke's Church, Glossop 'I was surprised by this book. Anything containing the mere word 'celebrity' will normally see me heading for the hills at speed, let alone a whole book on the subject! Dan's book is written with wit and grace. His research was clearly meticulous and the result is a book that is informative and enjoyable.' Robin Barker, Countrycare Children's Home 'this book is a valuable addition to the growing literature on conservation and corporate interests' Christine Noe, University of Dar es Salaam
Dan Brockington is the author of Fortress Conservation and Nature Unbound (with Rosaleen Duffy and Jim Igoe), and has undertaken research for several years in Tanzania as well as shorter projects in South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and India. He has worked at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and London and is now a senior lecturer at the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University of Manchester.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
About the author ii
Acronyms vii
Preface viii
1 | Introduction 1
An outline of the book 3
2 | Combining celebrity and the environment 6
On celebrity 6
On environmentalism and conservation 13
Figure 2.1 The global growth of protected areas 14
Celebrity and the environment 22
3 | Conserving celebrities 25
Celebrity support for the environment 26
Vulnerabilities and the celebrity bubble 34
Conclusion 39
4 | Wildlife presenters and wildlife film 41
Producing wildlife films 42
Presenting and selling wildlife films 47
Selling wildlife film presenters 54
Conclusion 57
An abbreviated list of wildlife film and nature documentary presenters 58
5 | Celebrity conservation 62
Varieties of celebrity conservationism 63
The work of being a celebrity conservationist 68
Racial politics 74
Charisma 78
Conclusion 82
An abbreviated list of famous or charismatic conservationists and environmentalists 83
6 | Concentrations of wealth and power 90
Changes in celebrity and conservation NGOs 91
Figure 6.1 The development of conservation NGOs working in sub-Saharan Africa 95
Table 6.1 The structure of the conservation NGO sector in sub-Saharan Africa 96
Changing conservation resources 99
The rich list 102
Conclusion 108
7 | Criticisms 110
Problematic interventions 111
Violence and hunting 116
Self-promotion and hypocrisy 120
Conclusion 124
8 | Saving the world 126
Capitalism, symbol and democracy 126
Creating a mediagenic world 132
Making a good and valuable world 136
Vicarious environmentalism and sofa-based conservation 139
A perfect world or just the end? 147
Notes 152
to chapter 1\r 152
to chapter 2 153
to chapter 3 156
to chapter 4 157
to chapter 5 158
to chapter 6 160
to chapter 7 162
to chapter 8 163
Bibliography 168
Index 184