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Anthropology and Development

Anthropology and Development

Jean-Pierre Oliver De-Sardan

(2008)

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Abstract

This book re-establishes the relevance of mainstream anthropological (and sociological) approaches to development processes and simultaneously recognizes that contemporary development ought to be anthropology‘s principal area of study. Professor de Sardan argues for a socio-anthropology of change and development that is a deeply empirical, multidimensional, diachronic study of social groups and their interactions. The Introduction provides a thought-provoking examination of the principal new approaches that have emerged in the discipline during the 1990s. Part I then makes clear the complexity of social change and development, and the ways in which socio-anthropology can measure up to the challenge of this complexity. Part II looks more closely at some of the leading variables involved in the development process, including relations of production; the logics of social action; the nature of knowledge; forms of mediation; and ‘political‘ strategies.
'A subtle, wide-ranging argument for a productive tension between the development industry and its critics on behalf of its ultimate subjects.' James C. Scott, Yale University 'This is a lucid, thoroughly researched and brilliantly argued book.' Achille Mbembe, author of On the Postcolony 'Olivier de Sardan tackles two sets of vested interests head-on but, more than that, he offers a resolution both might find appealing and neither can afford to ignore.' Richard Fardon, University of London 'Olivier de Sardan throws a long-needed intellectual bridge over the big canyon separating European and American development anthropologies.' Michael M. Cernea, World Bank and George Washington University 'Condenses several decades of research into an accessible and well-referenced textbook that provides provoking insights into the anthropology of development.' 'Highly reflexive and full of wit.' 'A brilliant book that triggers many questions ... While not everything Olivier de Sardan writes is new, it has rarely been formulated more lucidly and to the point.' Development and Change
Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan is Professor of Anthropology at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Marseilles and Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover cover
About this book i
About the author ii
Title page iii
Table of Contents v
1 Introduction 1
The discourse of development 3
Populism, anthropology and development 8
The entangled social logic approach 11
Conclusion: the future of the entangled social logic approach\r 15
Notes 17
2 Socio-anthropology of development 23
Development 24
Socio-anthropology of development 27
Comparativism 31
Action 35
Populism 35
A collective problematic 37
Social change and development: in Africa or in general? 37
Notes 39
3 Anthropology, sociology, Africa and development 42
French colonial ethnology 42
Reactions: dynamic and/or Marxist anthropology 45
Sociology of modernization and sociology of development 46
Systems analysis 48
The current situation: multi-rationalities 51
Notes 55
4 A Renewal of Anthropology? 58
To the rescue of social science? 59
The ‘properties’ of ‘development facts’. 60
Two heuristic points of view 61
Anthropology of social change and development and the fields of anthropology 64
Notes 67
5 Stereotypes, ideologies and conceptions 68
A meta-ideology of development 70
Infra-ideologies: conceptions 71
Five stereotypes 73
The relative truth of stereotypes: the example of ‘culture’ 81
The propensity for stereotypes: the example of ‘needs’ 85
Notes 86
6 Is an anthropology of innovation possible? 89
A panorama in four points of view 91
Is an innovations problematic possible in anthropology? 103
Innovation as a way in 107
Notes 108
7 Developmentalist populism and social science populism 110
Intellectuals and their ambiguous populism 111
The poor according to Chambers 112
The developmentalist populist complex 113
Moral populism 115
Cognitive populism and methodological populism 116
Ideological populism 117
Populism and miserabilism 118
Where action becomes compromise 120
… and where knowledge can become opposition … 122
… yet methodology should combine! 124
Notes 124
8 Relations of production and modes of economic action 126
Songhay-Zarma societies under colonization 126
Subsistence logic during the colonial period 128
Relations of production and contemporary transformations 131
Conclusion 134
Notes 135
9 Development projectsand social logic 137
The context of interaction 139
Levels of project coherence 140
Peasant reactions 142
Two principles 144
Three logics, among many others 145
Strategic logics and notional logics 149
Notes 151
10 Popular knowledge andscientific and technical knowledge 153
Popular technical knowledge 154
A few properties of popular technical knowledge 156
Popular technical knowledge and technical–scientificknowledge 159
Fields of popular knowledge and infrastructure 161
Notes 164
11 Mediations and brokerage 166
Development agents 166
A parenthesis on corruption 168
Development agents as mediators between types of knowledge 168
Brokers 173
The development language 178
Notes 184
12 Arenas and strategic groups 185
Local development as a political arena 185
Conflict, arena, strategic groups 188
The ECRIS framework 192
Notes 196
13 Conclusion 198
Logic of knowledge and logic of action 198
Two models to be rejected 201
Third model: action research 201
Fourth model: the contractual solution 203
Training development agents 204
Adapting to sidetracking 205
On enquiry 208
Socio-anthropology of development and anthropology applied to development 212
Notes 215
Bibliography 217
Index 236