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The Aid Triangle

The Aid Triangle

Malcolm MacLachlan | Stuart Carr | Eilish McAuliffe

(2010)

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Book Details

Abstract

The Aid Triangle focuses on the human dynamics of international aid and illustrates how the aid system incorporates power relationships, and therefore relationships of dominance. Using the concept of a triangle of dominance, justice and identity, this timely work explains how the experience of injustice is both a challenge and a stimulus to personal, community and national identity, and how such identities underlie the human potential that international aid should seek to enrich. This insightful new critique provides for the reader an innovative and constructive framework for producing more empowering and more effective aid.
'This book is a most welcome addition to the growing call to rethink this whole dimension of international relations.' John Berry, Queen's University in Canada. 'This approachable and imaginative book takes a very different look at the practice of International Aid. Written by social scientists with considerable experience in the area, it offers not only a critique of current practices but also advice about how really to help those who need it. It is written with passion and clarity but always supported by the scientific literature in the area.' Professor Adrian Furnham, University College London 'At last! A book that addresses the psychological politics braided through civil society, governmental and multilateral agencies involved in aid. I highly recommend it.' A.K. Dube, African Decade for Persons with Disability 'A thought-provoking book that poses key questions about the nature and mechanisms of development.' Alastair Ager, Columbia University 'This book places justice - between individuals, between organisations and between countries and international organisations - at the heart of international aid and development; explaining its relationship with dominance and identity in a challenging, authoritative and engaging way.' Mary Robinson, Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative
Professor Malcolm MacLachlan is with the Centre for Global Health and the School of Psychology at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, and is currently a Visiting Professor at the Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa and at the Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, Harvard University, USA. He is the Director of the International Doctoral School for Global Health. Stuart C. Carr is Professor of Psychology, Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Psychology Programme, Massey University, New Zealand. He has worked and lived in UK, Malawi, Remote Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, and New Zealand/Aotearoa. His books are among the first to examine poverty reduction from an I/O, work psychology perspective.He co-edits The Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. Eilish Mc Auliffe is Director of the Centre for Global Health at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. She has worked as a clinician, consultant and academic and lived in Ireland, UK, South African and Malawi, where she worked for Unicef and Irish Aid.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Acknowledgements ix
1 | Introduction 1
1 Oxfamming the world 1
2 Philanthropy vs the generosity of the taxpayer 2
The idea of development 4
Relational development 6
A systems triangle 7
Figure 1.1 The aid triangle 7
Our approach 8
2 | Aid 10
The idea of aid 10
Table 2.1 Some emphatic and emotive book titles attesting to problemsin international aid 11
The political economy of aid 16
The new millennium 19
Inclusive development 21
Conclusion 22
3 | Dominance 23
Dominance in ‘knowing what is best for’ development 24
It’s the contradiction, stupid 26
What about the ‘underdeveloped’ guys? 29
No, I’m not going to show you the money! 30
Table 3.1 Planning balance sheet for project aid and direct budget support 31
Dominance behind insinuations of ‘corruption’ 34
Dominance, governance and the tangle of accountability 37
Celebrity as dominance 38
Box 3.1 Some thoughts on celebrity and international aid 40
Table 3.2 Causes associated with most popular celebrities 42
Dominance in organizations 43
Dominance in institutions 44
Figure 3.1 An inverse resonance effect in Tanzania 46
Dominance against individuals 47
Figure 3.2 Perceived social dominance in different countries 49
The system 52
Context 52
Socialization 53
Expatocracy 54
A culture myth 55
Dominance is not everything 57
Conclusion 58
4 | Justice 59
More corruption 60
Types of justice 62
Table 4.1 A taxonomy of work justice 62
Functionality 65
From justice to productivity 66
Figure 4.1 Relationship between job satisfaction and managerial consideration 67
Figure 4.2 Degree of job satisfaction related to satisfaction with different aspects of the job 68
Interventions 70
Project aid 70
Coping strategies 71
Figure 4.3 Theoretical coping strategies in aid projects 71
Table 4.2 Items on which pay groups differed 73
Box 4.1 Indicative quotes from qualitative research in the Solomon Islands 75
Interventions 76
Conclusion 79
5 | Identity 80
Soul wounds 81
Group identity 83
Institutional identity 86
Individual identity 86
Figure 5.1 Navigating the dynamics of aid and development 89
Inclusion 90
Exclusion 91
Reactance 93
Conversion 96
Capacity and capability 98
Case example 100
Case analysis 101
Identity and civil society 106
Brand aid 114
Conclusion 117
6 | Learning 119
Capabilities and justice 120
Organizational learning theory 121
Table 6.1 A taxonomy of organizational learning 125
Table 6.2 Principles to facilitate learning in partnerships 130
Box 6.1 Reported Irish NGO activity in Africa, circa 2005 132
Recognizing complexity 138
Conclusion 140
7 | Conclusion 141
Contemporary grand narratives 141
Incremental improvement 142
The scale and rate of change 146
Personal transformation and the aid triangle 148
Conclusion 152
Bibliography 154
Index 167