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Women, Violence and Tradition

Women, Violence and Tradition

Doctor Tamsin Bradley

(2011)

Abstract

Is the practice of FGM on the rise in the UK and US? Why? What happens to religious and cultural traditions when they are taken from their context into a new, often secular, state? Women, Violence and Tradition is a fascinating look into the life histories of women from ethnic minority communities in the West, focusing specifically on their experiences of under-researched cultural practices. The book gives close insight into how ethnic minority women today navigate between their religious and cultural traditions and the secular state in which they live. The volume illuminates areas of tension and difficulty when some women actively try to reform aspects of their tradition whilst remaining furiously loyal to their cultural identity. Other examples highlight how young women are choosing to endorse traditional practices, seeing this as an important way of demonstrating the legitimacy of their religion and culture in the face of increasing hostility. This brave and original book tackles the sensitive and controversial issue of female genital mutilation, as well as surveying changing attitudes and practices around marriage and divorce. Using a cross-cultural perspective the book draws on the views of activists and community organisations who work with women to confront injustice.
'Women, Violence and Tradition takes a unique approach to generating its content. It has involved women who are students and/or activists in collecting and writing up the stories of BME women who have been affected by the cultural traditions and practices that are the focus of the book - from FGM to dowry within Hindu communities. Many of the contributors to this volume also have first-hand experience of the traditions and practices that they are writing about and this lends a sense of authority and insight to their writing that is often absent in purely academic studies. The volume aims to highlight how women uphold, challenge and defend aspects of these traditions and practices, which often result in violence, in the context of the "secular" British state. It draws our attention the ways in which they are often underpinned by particular understandings of religion and culture that can make it difficult to challenge and negotiate them. The chapters are engaging and personal, and result in a volume that will appeal to the general public as well as an academic audience.' - Dr Emma Tomalin, University of Leeds 'A ground-breaking collection that at its heart deals with issues of social justice, equity and rights. Readers are given a unique opportunity to hear the life histories and stories of women as they live their lives across and as part of complex cultural, religious and social communities in Britain. This collection gives voice to women and in doing so transcends the boundaries of "insiders versus outsiders" and "religious versus the secular". Instead we learn that women's lives are complex, negotiated and strategic but also that women do and can "speak" to challenge gender violence and in doing so challenge oppressive cultural and religious practices and redefine our understandings of identity, belonging and community.' - Dr Samia Bano, University of Reading 'Carefully organised and tightly edited, Women, Violence and Tradition shines a critical light on the narratives of women from diaspora communities in the UK, focusing specifically on their experiences of gendered violence and the challenges encountered by those who seek to foster social change. In the wake of this insightful volume, the reductive, essentialist ways in which violence against women in black and minority ethnic communities has so often been represented in the past will no longer be possible. It is essential reading for researchers, students, policy-makers and practitioners alike.' - Dr Aisha Gill, Senior Lecturer in Criminology, University of Roehampton
Tamsin Bradley is Senior Lecturer and Course Leader in Social Anthropology, Department of Applied Social Sciences, London Metropolitan University.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
About the Editor ii
Acknowledgements vii
About the Contributors ix
Introduction 1
Some definitions 7
Ethical risks and the essentialist trap 8
Gender, religion and culture as part of an intersectional approach 15
Links between religion, culture and tradition 22
Filling a gap 28
Summary of chapters 29
1 Researching Stories 35
Introduction 35
Oral histories approach and ethical considerations 37
Analytic frame and ethical precautions 41
Researchers’ reflections 43
Conclusion 49
2 Somali Memories of Female Genital Mutilation 51
Introduction 51
Context and analysis of FGM 53
Reflections and memories of FGM from Somali women and religious leaders 58
Now I turn to my story … 66
Conclusion 71
3 Tales of Somali Marriage in the UK 73
Introduction 73
Importance of weddings for Somali women in the UK 74
Reflections and insights of marriage 76
The reflections of unmarried Somali women 84
Conclusion 87
4 Domestic Violence in Zimbabwe and the UK Diaspora 89
Reviewing the research 91
Stories of domestic violence 94
Conclusion 108
5 Narratives of Divorce amongst Bangladeshi Women Living in England 111
Bengali marriage in the Islamic context 112
The life stories of three Bengali women 115
What do these stories reveal? 126
6 Transnational Accounts of Dowry and Caste: Hindu Women Tell Their Stories 129
Caste, gender and dowry 131
Navigating a ‘double life’ 135
Stories of marriage, caste and dowry 137
Conclusion 151
Notes 151
7 The Big Taboo: Stories of Premarital Relationships 153
Elisha’s story 154
Farah’s story 160
A father’s view 164
Conclusion 166
8 ‘I Wish I’d Taken Her With Me’: The Lives of Black and Minority Ethnic Women Facing Gender-Based Violence 169
Sealed with a kiss 170
Death at Southall railway station 172
Die at home rather than leave 174
No options – pressures inside and outside the BME community 175
The BME women’s movement: breaking the silence and demanding accountability 178
Mature multiculturalism and ‘moral blindness’ 180
Similarity and difference 181
Racism, religion and social cohesion 185
Gains and losses 186
Moving forward together 188
Notes 188
Conclusion 191
Problems with the secular state 199
References 205
Index 209
About Zed Books 214