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The Throes of Democracy

The Throes of Democracy

Doctor Bryan McCann

(2009)

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Abstract

In the 1980s, Brazil emerged from two decades of military dictatorship and embarked on an experiment in full democracy for the first time in the nation's history Since then, Brazilians have sought to live up to the ideals of this experiment while negotiating dramatic economic and cultural transformations. In The Throes of Democracy Bryan McCann gives a panoramic view of this process, exploring the relationships between the rise of the political left, the escalation of urban violence, the agribusiness boom and the spread of pentecostal evangelization. Brazil remains a land marked by deep inequality, but in the last two decades the structure of that inequality has changed substantially. This is a country which remains an endlessly vital source of popular culture, now bubbling forth from different corners of the map. In explaining these transformations, this book provides a fascinating introduction to one of the 21st century's most significant countries.
Bryan McCann teaches Latin American history at Georgetown University, where he is Director of the Brazilian Studies Program. He is the author of Hello, Hello Brazil: Popular Music in the Making of Modern Brazil (2004). His current research focuses on the recent history of urban conflict in Rio de Janeiro.
'The Throes of Democracy offers a perceptive, and highly readable, interpretation of Brazil's recent past and present. An astute observer of politics, social mores, and popular culture, Bryan McCann constructs a portrait of contemporary Brazil that helps us to understand new and long-standing problems, while also accounting for Brazilian society's dynamism and ongoing democratization.' Barbara Weinstein, New York University ‘Keen to innovation and tradition alike, McCann judiciously weighs forces shaping postdictatorial Brazil. He interrelates political economy and cultural politics with care and insight, encompassing oral, print and digital domains. This is a remarkable and resonant report on the current Brazilian republic.’ Charles A. Perrone, University of Florida

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Acknowledgments vii
Abbreviations viii
Glossary x
Chronology xiii
Map xv
Introduction 1
1 | The rise of the left 11
Ideology and physiology 13
Whence the toad? The left’s deep background 16
Exile and underground 19
When the miracle ends 22
The reorganization of the left 24
From Diretas Já to impeachment 27
The postdictatorship 28
Enter FHC 30
Privatizations and re-election 34
The Lula years 38
Lula’s scandals 42
The new right 45
On balance 48
2 | Urban crisis 50
Roots 52
Justiceiros and the CV 55
Redemocratization 56
The drug trade and organized crime 58
São Paulo 62
Pandora’s box 65
Favela-Bairro 66
The NGO boom and new security policies 69
3 | Back to the land 73
The military regime and the origins of the MST 75
Cardoso and rural Brazil 80
Agrarian reform under Cardoso 84
Lula and the Amazon 86
The MST and biotech 89
4 | Different drummers 95
Geração ’80 96
Sertaneja 102
Salvador 104
Recife 107
Funk and hip-hop 110
5 | The Pentecostal boom 116
Protestant Brazil 117
Neo-Pentecostals and mega-denominations 119
Who are Brazil’s crentes? 123
Rede Record 125
6 | Making culture in digital Brazil 131
The Orkut Rule 133
Digital inclusion and Casas Bahia 135
Overmundo 137
Petrobras and company 140
Cinema 142
Publishing and music 147
Maecenas’ clerks 149
The virtual pistolão 150
Conclusion 156
Further reading 160
Notes 163
Index 167