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Book Details
Abstract
How can science realize its potential and help us tackle global inequality, environmental change and crippling poverty? How can more appropriate technologies be developed for those most in need? Science has long promised much -- new crops, new medicines, new sources of energy, new means of communication -- but the potential of new technologies has frequently bypassed the poorest people and the poorest countries.
In Science and Technology for Development, James Smith explores the complex relationship between society and technology, and the potential for science to make sustainable contributions to global development. Drawing on case studies from Africa, Latin America and Asia, the author argues that we need to think carefully about science and development, otherwise the perpetual promise of future technological breakthroughs may simply work to distance meaningful development from the present.
This book is essential reading for all students of development.
James Smith is co-director of and a senior lecturer in the Centre of African Studies at the University of Edinburgh. He is also a director at the ESRC Innogen Research Centre at Edinburgh and a visiting fellow in development policy and practice at the Open University. His research explores the relationships between knowledge, science and development, particularly in relation to agricultural research and how it is practised. He has worked with many international organisations and research centres including Oxfam, DFID, IDRC and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research.
'This is one of the rare books I have read which brings out the complex web of relationships among science, technology and development with great clarity and originality.'
M S Swaminathan, Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha), Chairman, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation
'This is a book that has long been needed. It is short but succinct. In simple language it shows the reader that there is no substitute for careful analysis of the local context before making interventions. I shall certainly use it in my own courses and training materials but I imagine it will be extensively used in overseas universities and related institutions.'
Norman Clark, The Open University
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Prelims\r | i | ||
About the series | ii | ||
About the author | ii | ||
Acknowledgements | vi | ||
Acronyms | vii | ||
Foreword | ix | ||
Introduction | Development and the Promise of Technology | 1 | ||
Science and technology studies | 7 | ||
Studying science, technology and development | 9 | ||
Further reading | 11 | ||
1 | Rethinking Technology for Development | 12 | ||
Modernization, linear progressions and ‘technological determinism’ | 14 | ||
Asian Tigers and the role of technology | 16 | ||
Different stripes: the four Asian Tigers | 18 | ||
Technological determinism and societal change | 20 | ||
The reflexivity of the Green Revolution | 21 | ||
Black boxes and telecentres in Tanzania | 24 | ||
A telecentre in Tanzania | 26 | ||
Tissue culture bananas and the promise of ex ante studies | 28 | ||
Hybrid maize, hybridity and diversity in Southern Africa | 30 | ||
Green Revolution: from Rhodesia to Zimbabwe | 31 | ||
Conclusion | 36 | ||
Further reading | 37 | ||
2 | The Internationalization of Science | 38 | ||
The World Health Organization and the Malaria Eradication Programme | 41 | ||
The Malaria Eradication Programme | 43 | ||
The Green Revolution, institutions and modernization | 45 | ||
HYVs: crops for the modern world? | 46 | ||
Creating an institution: rice research in Asia | 49 | ||
IR8: from field plot to paddy field | 54 | ||
The International Livestock Research Institute and ‘Mode 1’ and ‘Mode 2’ research | 57 | ||
Table 1 Comparison of ‘Mode 1’ and ‘Mode 2’ institutions | 60 | ||
Conclusion | 61 | ||
Further reading | 63 | ||
3 | Making Technology Work for the Poor? | 65 | ||
Thinking about a ‘knowledge impasse’ | 67 | ||
Small is beautiful: the appropriate technology movement | 70 | ||
Table 2 The evolution of research and extension | 72 | ||
Collaborative research: mother and baby trials | 73 | ||
Mother and baby trials: ‘natural birth’ for new technology? | 74 | ||
Thinking about innovation | 75 | ||
Innovation and treadle pumps in Bangladesh | 77 | ||
Mobile phones, fishermen and farmers’ markets | 79 | ||
Catching up – with a mobile phone … | 80 | ||
… or a mobile bank | 81 | ||
Markets, incentives and the private sector | 83 | ||
New organizational forms: global public health partnerships | 86 | ||
Intellectual property rights and other incentives | 89 | ||
Conclusion | 91 | ||
Further reading | 93 | ||
4 | Governing Technologies for Development | 94 | ||
Biofuels: ‘a crime against humanity?’ | 96 | ||
The cost of oil: the price of food? | 97 | ||
Risk and regulation | 100 | ||
Whose risk? The oral polio vaccine in northern Nigeria | 102 | ||
Biosafety and biotechnology in Kenya | 103 | ||
The ungovernable rise of governance | 106 | ||
From governments to governance | 106 | ||
GM food aid and Zambia: heterarchical governance? | 108 | ||
Mali, GM crops and citizens’ juries | 112 | ||
Dealing with complexity in the twenty-first century | 114 | ||
Conclusion | 116 | ||
Further reading | 118 | ||
Conclusion | Can Technology Transform Development? | 119 | ||
Sleeping sickness and unwanted hirsutism | 119 | ||
Can science be transformational? | 121 | ||
Technology as emancipation | 125 | ||
Glossary | 127 | ||
Notes | 129 | ||
to Introduction | 129 | ||
to Chapter 1 | 129 | ||
to Chapter 2 | 130 | ||
to Chapter 3 | 130 | ||
to Chapter 4 | 132 | ||
to Conclusion | 133 | ||
Bibliography | 134 | ||
Index | 145 |