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Abstract
'Globalization is irreversible and irresistible.'
Tony Blair
This book gives the lie to that claim. Economic globalization has never been an inevitable part of human history. It is eminently reversible and hugely resistible.
Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement. One, perhaps the most widely supported and influential strand today, calls the Fair Trade and Back to Bretton Woods school. This argues for immediate reforms of the world's trading system, capital markets, and global institutions, notably the World Bank, IMF and WTO. The other, the Localization school, takes a more root and branch position and argues for the abolition of these institutions and outright reversal of globalization. Buckman explains the details of each school's outlook and proposals, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.
This book gives the lie to the claim that globalization is 'irreversible and irresistible'. Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement, explaining the details of each school's outlook, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.
Greg Buckman is former national finance manager for The Wilderness Society of Australia and currently Treasurer of the Australian Greens and has been co-editor of their magazine, Green. He has undertaken much economic research, particularly on issues concerning globalization, forestry and energy. His long involvement with the environment movement goes back to the successful international fight to save the Franklin River in Tasmania, Australia in the early 1980s.
'So refreshing and useful to read a book that goes beyond the usual bleatings about the problems of globalization in order to analyse in detail the alternatives that are at last emerging.'
Colin Hines, author of Localization: A Global Manifesto
'Greg Buckman has done the global justice movement a valuable service in clearly outlining the major debates around taming versus scrapping globalization, and then attempting to find common ground. I urge everyone who wants a fairer, safer and more sustainable world to read this book.'
Rod Donald MP, Co-Leader, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
'Greg Buckman's work opens up the all-important debate between the ideas of localization and fair trade on the one hand, and economic globalization on the other.'Senator Bob Brown, leader of the Australian Greens
'The clearest and most succinct explanation of the origins and processes of economic globalization yet to appear in English, plus the best coverage of the debates over what to do about it. A useful tool for anti-globalization activists everywhere.'
Christine Dann
'The value of the book lies in providing an accessible account, shorn of excessive intellectual economic and political jargon, of policy alternatives to neo-liberal economic globalization...those wishing [for] an accessible introduction to a history of the globalization and anti-globalization movements need look no further.'
Arthur L. Wilson, Studies in Continuing Education
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | cover | ||
Contents | v | ||
Tables, figures and boxes\r | ix | ||
PART I The Evolution and Consequences of Economic Globalization | 1 | ||
1 Introduction | 3 | ||
2 The Evolution of the Global Supermarket (A History of World Trade) | 6 | ||
World trade in the nineteenth century | 7 | ||
World trade in the twentieth century | 8 | ||
World trade after the Second World War | 10 | ||
The shocks of the 1970s | 10 | ||
Causes of the spread of world trade | 14 | ||
Notes\r | 16 | ||
3 The Evolution of the Global Bank (A History of World Capital Flows) | 18 | ||
Pre-Industrial Revolution global finance | 18 | ||
The influence of the Industrial Revolution | 19 | ||
The emergence of the gold standard | 20 | ||
The First World War and the inter-war years | 21 | ||
The Bretton Woods twins | 23 | ||
The world economic order from the 1950s to the 1970s | 25 | ||
The shocks of the 1970s | 25 | ||
Today’s casino economy | 28 | ||
Notes\r | 33 | ||
4 The Engines of Globalization | 35 | ||
Transnational corporations | 36 | ||
The World Trade Organization | 43 | ||
The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank | 51 | ||
The Washington Consensus | 57 | ||
The technological engines of globalization | 60 | ||
The environmental price of world trade | 62 | ||
Notes\r | 64 | ||
5 Rich versus Poor in the Global Economy | 68 | ||
The polarization of global wealth | 68 | ||
Concentration of economic globalization around rich countries | 73 | ||
Relative size of poor economies | 76 | ||
The Third World debt crisis | 76 | ||
Poor countries and global trade | 80 | ||
Trade winners and losers | 83 | ||
Poor-country raw material exports | 85 | ||
Poor-country trade winners | 87 | ||
Export-processing zones | 87 | ||
Rich-country trade losers | 89 | ||
Aid to the rescue? | 90 | ||
Ecological debt | 92 | ||
Notes\r | 93 | ||
6 Rich-country Double Standards | 96 | ||
Rich-country double standards on trade | 96 | ||
Rich-country double standards on patents | 99 | ||
Rich-country double standards on agricultural and textile trade | 100 | ||
Notes\r | 103 | ||
PART II The Policy Alternatives of the Anti-globalization Movement | 105 | ||
7 The Anti-globalization Movement | 107 | ||
The global loss of democracy | 109 | ||
The anti-globalization movement | 110 | ||
Origins of the anti-globalization movement | 112 | ||
The anti-globalization protests | 115 | ||
Policy formulation by the anti-globalization movement | 116 | ||
NGOs and non-mainstream parties | 118 | ||
Notes\r | 121 | ||
8 The Fair Trade/Back to Bretton Woods School | 122 | ||
Trade | 124 | ||
The future of the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO | 129 | ||
Capital market and TNC regulation | 137 | ||
Notes\r | 145 | ||
9 The Localization School | 150 | ||
Advocates of Localization | 151 | ||
Trade | 154 | ||
The future of the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO | 155 | ||
Capital market and TNC regulation | 159 | ||
Notes\r | 163 | ||
10 Globaphobes versus Globaphiles | 166 | ||
The Oxfam Rigged Rules report debate | 166 | ||
Short-term versus long-term strategies | 168 | ||
Corporate engagement | 169 | ||
Rich-country versus poor-country anti-globalization organizations | 171 | ||
Changing fashions within the anti-globalization movement | 172 | ||
Policies that straddle both schools | 174 | ||
Policies that stand outside the Localization/Fair Trade divide | 175 | ||
Notes\r | 177 | ||
11 Deficiencies of Both Schools | 180 | ||
Deficiencies in Fair Trade school policies | 180 | ||
Deficiencies in Localization school policies | 186 | ||
Deficiencies common to both schools | 189 | ||
Notes\r | 192 | ||
12 The Policy Future of the Anti-globalization Movement | 194 | ||
Common ground between the two schools | 195 | ||
Broader areas of agreement between the two schools | 197 | ||
Potential areas of greater consistency between the two schools | 199 | ||
The general policy future of the anti-globalization movement | 201 | ||
Note\r | 206 | ||
13 Conclusion | 207 | ||
Notes | 212 | ||
Useful Globalization Websites | 213 | ||
Suggested Reading | 217 | ||
Index | 220 |