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Globalization

Globalization

Greg Buckman

(2008)

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Book Details

Abstract

'Globalization is irreversible and irresistible.' Tony Blair This book gives the lie to that claim. Economic globalization has never been an inevitable part of human history. It is eminently reversible and hugely resistible. Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement. One, perhaps the most widely supported and influential strand today, calls the Fair Trade and Back to Bretton Woods school. This argues for immediate reforms of the world's trading system, capital markets, and global institutions, notably the World Bank, IMF and WTO. The other, the Localization school, takes a more root and branch position and argues for the abolition of these institutions and outright reversal of globalization. Buckman explains the details of each school's outlook and proposals, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.
This book gives the lie to the claim that globalization is 'irreversible and irresistible'. Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement, explaining the details of each school's outlook, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.
Greg Buckman is former national finance manager for The Wilderness Society of Australia and currently Treasurer of the Australian Greens and has been co-editor of their magazine, Green. He has undertaken much economic research, particularly on issues concerning globalization, forestry and energy. His long involvement with the environment movement goes back to the successful international fight to save the Franklin River in Tasmania, Australia in the early 1980s.
'So refreshing and useful to read a book that goes beyond the usual bleatings about the problems of globalization in order to analyse in detail the alternatives that are at last emerging.' Colin Hines, author of Localization: A Global Manifesto 'Greg Buckman has done the global justice movement a valuable service in clearly outlining the major debates around taming versus scrapping globalization, and then attempting to find common ground. I urge everyone who wants a fairer, safer and more sustainable world to read this book.' Rod Donald MP, Co-Leader, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand 'Greg Buckman's work opens up the all-important debate between the ideas of localization and fair trade on the one hand, and economic globalization on the other.'Senator Bob Brown, leader of the Australian Greens 'The clearest and most succinct explanation of the origins and processes of economic globalization yet to appear in English, plus the best coverage of the debates over what to do about it. A useful tool for anti-globalization activists everywhere.' Christine Dann 'The value of the book lies in providing an accessible account, shorn of excessive intellectual economic and political jargon, of policy alternatives to neo-liberal economic globalization...those wishing [for] an accessible introduction to a history of the globalization and anti-globalization movements need look no further.' Arthur L. Wilson, Studies in Continuing Education

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover cover
Contents v
Tables, figures and boxes\r ix
PART I The Evolution and Consequences of Economic Globalization 1
1 Introduction 3
2 The Evolution of the Global Supermarket (A History of World Trade) 6
World trade in the nineteenth century 7
World trade in the twentieth century 8
World trade after the Second World War 10
The shocks of the 1970s 10
Causes of the spread of world trade 14
Notes\r 16
3 The Evolution of the Global Bank (A History of World Capital Flows) 18
Pre-Industrial Revolution global finance 18
The influence of the Industrial Revolution 19
The emergence of the gold standard 20
The First World War and the inter-war years 21
The Bretton Woods twins 23
The world economic order from the 1950s to the 1970s 25
The shocks of the 1970s 25
Today’s casino economy 28
Notes\r 33
4 The Engines of Globalization 35
Transnational corporations 36
The World Trade Organization 43
The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank 51
The Washington Consensus 57
The technological engines of globalization 60
The environmental price of world trade 62
Notes\r 64
5 Rich versus Poor in the Global Economy 68
The polarization of global wealth 68
Concentration of economic globalization around rich countries 73
Relative size of poor economies 76
The Third World debt crisis 76
Poor countries and global trade 80
Trade winners and losers 83
Poor-country raw material exports 85
Poor-country trade winners 87
Export-processing zones 87
Rich-country trade losers 89
Aid to the rescue? 90
Ecological debt 92
Notes\r 93
6 Rich-country Double Standards 96
Rich-country double standards on trade 96
Rich-country double standards on patents 99
Rich-country double standards on agricultural and textile trade 100
Notes\r 103
PART II The Policy Alternatives of the Anti-globalization Movement 105
7 The Anti-globalization Movement 107
The global loss of democracy 109
The anti-globalization movement 110
Origins of the anti-globalization movement 112
The anti-globalization protests 115
Policy formulation by the anti-globalization movement 116
NGOs and non-mainstream parties 118
Notes\r 121
8 The Fair Trade/Back to Bretton Woods School 122
Trade 124
The future of the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO 129
Capital market and TNC regulation 137
Notes\r 145
9 The Localization School 150
Advocates of Localization 151
Trade 154
The future of the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO 155
Capital market and TNC regulation 159
Notes\r 163
10 Globaphobes versus Globaphiles 166
The Oxfam Rigged Rules report debate 166
Short-term versus long-term strategies 168
Corporate engagement 169
Rich-country versus poor-country anti-globalization organizations 171
Changing fashions within the anti-globalization movement 172
Policies that straddle both schools 174
Policies that stand outside the Localization/Fair Trade divide 175
Notes\r 177
11 Deficiencies of Both Schools 180
Deficiencies in Fair Trade school policies 180
Deficiencies in Localization school policies 186
Deficiencies common to both schools 189
Notes\r 192
12 The Policy Future of the Anti-globalization Movement 194
Common ground between the two schools 195
Broader areas of agreement between the two schools 197
Potential areas of greater consistency between the two schools 199
The general policy future of the anti-globalization movement 201
Note\r 206
13 Conclusion 207
Notes 212
Useful Globalization Websites 213
Suggested Reading 217
Index 220