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Egypt

Egypt

Rabab El Mahdi | Professor Philip Marfleet | Joel Beinin | Anne Alexander | Ray Bush | Sameh Naguib | Aida Seif El-Dawla | Ahmad El Sayed El-Naggar

(2009)

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Book Details

Abstract

Egypt is at the axis of the Arab world. With the largest population, the largest industrial economy and the longest tradition of modern political activity it has profound influence across the region. But there have been few attempts to understand contemporary Egyptian society, in particular growing internal pressures for change and their implications for the Middle East and the wider world. This book is the first for over 20 years to offer and accessible examination of contemporary issues in Egypt. It offers the reader analyses of its politics, culture and society, including contributions by several Egyptian academics and activists. This unique new book addresses the turmoil created by imposition of neo-liberal economic policies, the increasingly fragile nature of an authoritarian regime, the influence of movements for democratic opening and popular participation, and the impacts of Islamism. The authors argue that Egypt has entered a period of instability during which the 'low-intensity democracy' embraced by the Mubarak regime faces multiple challenges, including demands for radical change. This unique new book assesses the ability of the state to resist the new movements and the latters' capacity to fulfill their aims.
Philip Marfleet is Reader in Social Sciences at the University of East London. He has published widely in the fields of globalisation and migration, Middle East Studies, religious activism and cultures of exile. He has worked in as a journalist in the Middle East and North Africa, for international human rights organisations, and in universities in Britain and the Middle East. He is author of Refugees in a Global Era (2006). Rabab El-Mahdi is Assistant Professor of Political Science at The American University in Cairo. She has worked at McGill University in Canada and for the Canadian International Development Agency. She has written on movements of protest in Egypt, on the Egyptian women's movement, and on modern Egyptian history. She is the author of Egypt's Feminist Movement: Different or Non-Existent? (2007).
'Combines passion, scholarship and vision - a focused snapshot of this troubled moment in Egypt’s history with a competent resumé of how we got here. Its passion, clarity of thought and its vision should be an important contribution to the change we Egyptians know we have to make happen.' Ahdaf Soueif 'Egypt is often referred to in the Western media as "a moderate Arab state" solely on the grounds of its friendly relations with the United States and Israel. But there is nothing moderate about its poverty, corruption, and political repression, as this book so ably demonstrates. Egypt: The Moment of Change is a valuable contribution to understanding the uncertain predicament of this important country.' Talal Asad, City University of New York 'This is one of the most up to date, critical, but academic, and well balanced work on today’s Egypt. For anyone and everyone interested in Egyptian or Middle Eastern politics and society, this is the book to read.' Tareq Ismael, University of Calgary

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Glossary vii
Terms and names in Arabic vii
State agencies, political parties and movements viii
Abbreviations and acronyms viii
Preface and acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1
Laboratory for neoliberalism 2
‘An increasingly divided nation’ 4
Disasters 6
Desperate migrants 7
Repression 8
A moment of change? 9
Divided opposition 11
Structure and aims 12
1 State and society 14
Low-intensity democracy 15
Inequality and change 17
Infitah and after 20
Repression and co-optation 23
Electoral farce 24
‘Pointless parties’ 25
Corporatism 28
Divided society 29
Table 1.1 Top ten Arab billionaires 30
Uprising 31
2 Economic policy: from state control to decay and corruption 34
Economic policy since infitah 36
Table 2.1 Remittances and subsidies, Egypt and selected states 37
Employment 41
Incomes 42
National economic performance 43
Tyranny of corruption 44
‘Hot’ money 47
Conclusion 48
3 The land and the people 51
Nasser and agrarian reform 52
‘De-Nasserisation’ 54
Liberalisation 56
Tenure reform 58
‘Lazy’ fellahin 59
New, new lands 62
Conclusion 65
4 Workers’ struggles under ‘socialism’ and neoliberalism 68
Open-door policy 70
Intensification of neoliberalism 71
Crisis in the textile sector 74
Wages and conditions in the neoliberal era 75
Workers under the Nazif government 77
Mahalla al-Kubra 79
Gender issues 81
From bread to politics? 82
Misr Spinning and Weaving II 83
5 The democracy movement: cycles of protest 87
New currents 87
The movement emerges 88
Origins of the movement 91
Cycles of protest 95
Structures and agency 96
Kifaya’s aftermath 99
Enter the workers 100
Conclusion 101
6 Islamism(s) old and new 103
Interpretations 104
Post-modernist critique 106
Diversification of the Islamists 108
Transformations of the Brotherhood 112
Contradictions for success 114
Conclusion 118
7 Torture: a state policy 120
Culture of abuse 121
Special powers 123
Mutilation and harassment 124
Media evidence 126
Denial 127
How did we get here? 130
Who is responsible? 133
8 Mubarak in the international arena 136
Aid and arms 138
Liberalisation 139
Egypt and the Palestinians 140
‘Normalisation’ 141
Egypt and the rise of Hamas 143
‘War on terror’ 146
Contradictions 148
Conclusion: a client state in crisis? 149
Conclusion: What’s next? 151
Problems intensify 152
Democratisation from below 153
New actors 155
Notes 156
Introduction 156
Chapter 1 157
Chapters 2, 3 and 4 158
Chapter 5 160
Chapter 6 161
Chapters 7 and 8 162
Conclusion 163
References 164
Contributors 180
Index 182