BOOK
Africa's Informal Workers
Gunilla Andrae | Bjorn Beckman | Alison Brown | Ebbe Prag | Ignasio Malizani Jimu | Michal Lyons | Owusu Boampong | Karen Tranberg Hansen | David Jordhus-Lier | Doctor Winnie Mitullah | Kate Meagher | Wilma Nchito | Suzanne Scheld | Ilda Lindell
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Africa's Informal Workers is a vigorous examination of the informalization and casualization of work, which is changing livelihoods in Africa and beyond.
Gathering cases from nine countries and cities across sub-Saharan Africa, and from a range of sectors, this volume goes beyond the usual focus on household ‘coping strategies’ and individual agency, addressing the growing number of collective organizations through which informal workers make themselves visible and articulate their demands and interests. The emerging picture is that of a highly diverse landscape of organized actors, providing grounds for tension but also opportunities for alliance. The collection examines attempts at organizing across the formal-informal work spheres, and explores the novel trend of transnational organizing by informal workers.
Part of the ground-breaking Africa Now series, Africa’s Informal Workers is a timely exploration of deep, ongoing economic, political and social transformations.
Ilda Lindell is a researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute and an associate professor of human geography at Stockholm University. She has authored book chapters and journal articles in Urban Studies, Habitat International, Geografiska Annaler and Third World Quarterly. She is also the author of Walking the Tight Rope (2002).
The Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa and to co-operation with African researchers. As a hub and a meeting place for a growing field of research and analysis the Institute strives to put knowledge of African issues within reach for scholars, policy makers, politicians, media, students and the general public. The Institute is financed jointly by the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).
'This collection, with its excellent editorial introduction, makes a groundbreaking contribution to understanding the ways in which informal workers are developing new forms of collective organisation for exercising voice and agency, illustrating both the scope for and constraints on their ability to exert political influence.'
Carole Rakodi, The University of Birmingham
'This collection brings together empirical studies from varied contexts, based primarily in Africa, many by African scholars, allowing a crucial opportunity for new perceptions and comparisons, and for identifying key dynamics to track into the future.'
Jane I. Guyer, Johns Hopkins University
'This cutting-edge volume is indispensable reading for urbanists, activists and policy makers.'
Edgar Pieterse, University of Cape Town
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Africa Now | i | ||
About the editor | ii | ||
Acronyms | vii | ||
Introduction: the changing politics of informality – collective organizing, alliances and scales of engagement | 1 | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
Locating the ‘informal’ | 5 | ||
The emergence of new organized actors | 7 | ||
Differentiation in the informal economy and associational dynamics | 10 | ||
Relations with dominating power | 15 | ||
Organizing across the formal–informal ‘divide’ | 19 | ||
International organizing | 22 | ||
Complex landscapes of actors and the politics of informality | 25 | ||
The contributions | 26 | ||
PART ONE | The political dynamics of collective organizing | 31 | ||
1 | Seen but not heard: urban voice and citizenship for street traders | 33 | ||
Introduction: the informal economy of the urban South | 33 | ||
Urban governance and institutions | 35 | ||
Methods | 37 | ||
Table 1.1 2006 Human Development Index (HDI) ratings, UNDP | 38 | ||
Manifestations of ‘urban voice’ | 39 | ||
Four contrasting traditions | 43 | ||
2 | The politics of vulnerability: exit, voice and capture in three Nigerian informal manufacturing clusters | 46 | ||
Introduction: from exit to voice? | 46 | ||
Associational origins | 48 | ||
Internal organization | 53 | ||
External linkages | 58 | ||
Conclusion | 62 | ||
3 | Women leaders and the sense of power: clientelism and citizenship at the Dantokpa market in Cotonou, Benin | 65 | ||
Introduction | 65 | ||
Female power in West African markets | 66 | ||
Dantokpa market – the economic and political heart of Benin | 67 | ||
Women’s market associations in a post-colonial perspective | 68 | ||
The heritage of women’s influence at Dantokpa | 69 | ||
Emerging male leaders and women’s organized responses | 76 | ||
Conclusion | 80 | ||
PART TWO | Constructing alliances: organizing across the formal–informal ‘divide’ | 83 | ||
4 | Alliances across the formal–informal divide: South African debates and Nigerian experiences | 85 | ||
The problem: bridging the formal–informal divide | 85 | ||
A South African debate: the failure of bridging | 88 | ||
Union leadership and popular forces: Nigerian experiences | 90 | ||
The industrial union perspective | 94 | ||
The tailors’ perspective | 95 | ||
Union failure: a new labour aristocracy? | 97 | ||
Interviews, Kaduna, February 2007 | 98 | ||
5 | Self-organized informal workers and trade union initiatives in Malawi: organizing the informal economy | 99 | ||
Introduction | 99 | ||
The economic and political context of organization | 102 | ||
Self-organization in the informal economy: case study of street vendors’ associations | 103 | ||
Trade union initiatives in the informal economy | 107 | ||
Organizing the informal economy – which way? | 109 | ||
Conclusion | 112 | ||
Acknowledgements | 114 | ||
6 | Moments of resistance: the struggle against informalization in Cape Town | 115 | ||
Introduction | 115 | ||
New incoming realities, new ways of organizing? | 116 | ||
Post-apartheid unionism and the dilemmas of alliance-building | 119 | ||
Confronting the threat and reality of neoliberalization in Cape Town | 121 | ||
Concluding remarks | 128 | ||
Acknowledgements | 129 | ||
7 | The possibilities for collective organization of informal port workers in Tema, Ghana | 130 | ||
Introduction | 130 | ||
Informalization and the possibilities for organizing | 131 | ||
Informalization and casualization in Ghana | 135 | ||
The alliance between MDU and the local unions: what are the benefits? | 144 | ||
Conclusion | 147 | ||
Acknowledgements | 149 | ||
PART THREE | International dimensions of organizing | 151 | ||
8 | The ‘China challenge’: the global dimensions of activism and the informal economy in Dakar | 153 | ||
Introduction | 153 | ||
Organizing in the bounded and local informal economy | 155 | ||
Informalizing, nationalizing and globalizing Dakar | 157 | ||
Responses and strategies: traders, consumers and Chinese immigrants | 162 | ||
Reflections on organizing in the informal economy | 167 | ||
Acknowledgement | 168 | ||
9 | Passport, please: the Cross-Border Traders Association in Zambia | 169 | ||
Introduction | 169 | ||
Background | 170 | ||
Conclusion | 181 | ||
Acknowledgements | 182 | ||
Appendix: typology of goods sold at the COMESA Flea Market, Lusaka, and their sources | 183 | ||
Interviews | 183 | ||
10 | Informal workers in Kenya and transnational organizing: networking and leveraging resources | 184 | ||
Introduction | 184 | ||
The political economy of informal work | 185 | ||
The informal economy and organizing in Kenya | 188 | ||
Characteristics of local associations | 189 | ||
KENASVIT and local organizing | 189 | ||
KENASVIT’s activities | 191 | ||
KENASVIT and transnational organizing | 195 | ||
Local achievements and challenges | 199 | ||
Concluding remarks | 200 | ||
Notes | 203 | ||
Introduction | 203 | ||
Chapters 2 and 3 | 204 | ||
Chapters 5, 6 and 7 | 205 | ||
Chapters 9 and 10 | 206 | ||
Bibliography | 207 | ||
About the contributors | 226 | ||
Index | 229 |