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Africa's Informal Workers

Africa's Informal Workers

Gunilla Andrae | Bjorn Beckman | Alison Brown | Ebbe Prag | Ignasio Malizani Jimu | Michal Lyons | Owusu Boampong | Karen Tranberg Hansen | David Jordhus-Lier | Doctor Winnie Mitullah | Kate Meagher | Wilma Nchito | Suzanne Scheld | Ilda Lindell

(2010)

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Book Details

Abstract

Africa's Informal Workers is a vigorous examination of the informalization and casualization of work, which is changing livelihoods in Africa and beyond. Gathering cases from nine countries and cities across sub-Saharan Africa, and from a range of sectors, this volume goes beyond the usual focus on household ‘coping strategies’ and individual agency, addressing the growing number of collective organizations through which informal workers make themselves visible and articulate their demands and interests. The emerging picture is that of a highly diverse landscape of organized actors, providing grounds for tension but also opportunities for alliance. The collection examines attempts at organizing across the formal-informal work spheres, and explores the novel trend of transnational organizing by informal workers. Part of the ground-breaking Africa Now series, Africa’s Informal Workers is a timely exploration of deep, ongoing economic, political and social transformations.
Ilda Lindell is a researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute and an associate professor of human geography at Stockholm University. She has authored book chapters and journal articles in Urban Studies, Habitat International, Geografiska Annaler and Third World Quarterly. She is also the author of Walking the Tight Rope (2002). The Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa and to co-operation with African researchers. As a hub and a meeting place for a growing field of research and analysis the Institute strives to put knowledge of African issues within reach for scholars, policy makers, politicians, media, students and the general public. The Institute is financed jointly by the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).
'This collection, with its excellent editorial introduction, makes a groundbreaking contribution to understanding the ways in which informal workers are developing new forms of collective organisation for exercising voice and agency, illustrating both the scope for and constraints on their ability to exert political influence.' Carole Rakodi, The University of Birmingham 'This collection brings together empirical studies from varied contexts, based primarily in Africa, many by African scholars, allowing a crucial opportunity for new perceptions and comparisons, and for identifying key dynamics to track into the future.' Jane I. Guyer, Johns Hopkins University 'This cutting-edge volume is indispensable reading for urbanists, activists and policy makers.' Edgar Pieterse, University of Cape Town

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Africa Now i
About the editor ii
Acronyms vii
Introduction: the changing politics of informality – collective organizing, alliances and scales of engagement 1
Introduction 1
Locating the ‘informal’ 5
The emergence of new organized actors 7
Differentiation in the informal economy and associational dynamics 10
Relations with dominating power 15
Organizing across the formal–informal ‘divide’ 19
International organizing 22
Complex landscapes of actors and the politics of informality 25
The contributions 26
PART ONE | The political dynamics of collective organizing 31
1 | Seen but not heard: urban voice and citizenship for street traders 33
Introduction: the informal economy of the urban South 33
Urban governance and institutions 35
Methods 37
Table 1.1 2006 Human Development Index (HDI) ratings, UNDP 38
Manifestations of ‘urban voice’ 39
Four contrasting traditions 43
2 | The politics of vulnerability: exit, voice and capture in three Nigerian informal manufacturing clusters 46
Introduction: from exit to voice? 46
Associational origins 48
Internal organization 53
External linkages 58
Conclusion 62
3 | Women leaders and the sense of power: clientelism and citizenship at the Dantokpa market in Cotonou, Benin 65
Introduction 65
Female power in West African markets 66
Dantokpa market – the economic and political heart of Benin 67
Women’s market associations in a post-colonial perspective 68
The heritage of women’s influence at Dantokpa 69
Emerging male leaders and women’s organized responses 76
Conclusion 80
PART TWO | Constructing alliances: organizing across the formal–informal ‘divide’ 83
4 | Alliances across the formal–informal divide: South African debates and Nigerian experiences 85
The problem: bridging the formal–informal divide 85
A South African debate: the failure of bridging 88
Union leadership and popular forces: Nigerian experiences 90
The industrial union perspective 94
The tailors’ perspective 95
Union failure: a new labour aristocracy? 97
Interviews, Kaduna, February 2007 98
5 | Self-organized informal workers and trade union initiatives in Malawi: organizing the informal economy 99
Introduction 99
The economic and political context of organization 102
Self-organization in the informal economy: case study of street vendors’ associations 103
Trade union initiatives in the informal economy 107
Organizing the informal economy – which way? 109
Conclusion 112
Acknowledgements 114
6 | Moments of resistance: the struggle against informalization in Cape Town 115
Introduction 115
New incoming realities, new ways of organizing? 116
Post-apartheid unionism and the dilemmas of alliance-building 119
Confronting the threat and reality of neoliberalization in Cape Town 121
Concluding remarks 128
Acknowledgements 129
7 | The possibilities for collective organization of informal port workers in Tema, Ghana 130
Introduction 130
Informalization and the possibilities for organizing 131
Informalization and casualization in Ghana 135
The alliance between MDU and the local unions: what are the benefits? 144
Conclusion 147
Acknowledgements 149
PART THREE | International dimensions of organizing 151
8 | The ‘China challenge’: the global dimensions of activism and the informal economy in Dakar 153
Introduction 153
Organizing in the bounded and local informal economy 155
Informalizing, nationalizing and globalizing Dakar 157
Responses and strategies: traders, consumers and Chinese immigrants 162
Reflections on organizing in the informal economy 167
Acknowledgement 168
9 | Passport, please: the Cross-Border Traders Association in Zambia 169
Introduction 169
Background 170
Conclusion 181
Acknowledgements 182
Appendix: typology of goods sold at the COMESA Flea Market, Lusaka, and their sources 183
Interviews 183
10 | Informal workers in Kenya and transnational organizing: networking and leveraging resources 184
Introduction 184
The political economy of informal work 185
The informal economy and organizing in Kenya 188
Characteristics of local associations 189
KENASVIT and local organizing 189
KENASVIT’s activities 191
KENASVIT and transnational organizing 195
Local achievements and challenges 199
Concluding remarks 200
Notes 203
Introduction 203
Chapters 2 and 3 204
Chapters 5, 6 and 7 205
Chapters 9 and 10 206
Bibliography 207
About the contributors 226
Index 229