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Abstract
In this highly original work, Mary Njeri Kinyanjui explores the trajectory of women's movement from the margins of urbanization into the centres of business activities in Nairobi and its accompanying implications for urban planning.
While women in much of Africa have struggled to gain urban citizenship and continue to be weighed down by poor education, low income and confinement to domestic responsibilities due to patriarchic norms, a new form of urban dynamism - partly informed by the informal economy - is now enabling them to manage poverty, create jobs and link to the circuits of capital and labour. Relying on social ties, reciprocity, sharing and collaboration, women's informal 'solidarity entrepreneurialism' is taking them away from the margins of business activity and catapulting them into the centre.
Bringing together key issues of gender, economic informality and urban planning in Africa, Kinyanjui demonstrates that women have become a critical factor in the making of a postcolonial city.
'This is a powerful case study, with important implications for urban planning and development in sub-Saharan Africa. Kinyanjui provides vital evidence of the genuine significance of women's informal economic activity for contemporary Nairobi. It is a concise, seminal contribution, very effectively situated in the burgeoning literature of African urban studies.'
Garth Myers, Urban and International Studies, Trinity College, Hartford
'Kinyanjui has presented us with a fresh way of understanding the complexities associated with women's socio-economic empowerment in a hostile city, in terms of access to economic space. This book is a paradigm shift in the way we talk and write about poverty alleviation in marginalized communities!'
Faith Maina, professor of education, State University of New York, Oswego
'Women and the Informal Economy is a well-researched critical analysis, providing new perspectives on urbanization in Kenya. The book is essential reading for geographers, planners, policy makers and students of African urbanization and gender studies.'
Agnes Musyoki, professor of human geography, University of Venda
'The informal sector dominates Africa's economy and women have long played an important role in it. However, their contribution to the continent's urban informal economy is neither well understood nor documented. I applaud Kinyanjui for this timely volume on the contributions of women to the continent's urban informal economy and to the broader postcolonial African urban scene.'
Kefa M. Otiso, associate professor of urban and economic geography, Bowling Green State University
Mary Njeri Kinyanjui is a senior research fellow at the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. She holds a PhD in geography from the University of Cambridge.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front cover | Front cover | ||
Africa Now | i | ||
About the author | ii | ||
Title page | iii | ||
Copyright page | iv | ||
Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
Indeed Structured Living Indeed | ix | ||
Map | xi | ||
1 Introduction | 1 | ||
The African city in reality and theory | 3 | ||
Urban planning | 5 | ||
Gender in the city | 7 | ||
Economic informality in the city | 8 | ||
2 Theorizing planning and economic informality in an African city | 17 | ||
The origin of Nairobi | 18 | ||
Economic implications of the founding of Nairobi | 20 | ||
The plight of Africans in Nairobi city | 21 | ||
The planning of economic informality in Nairobi | 22 | ||
table 2.1 Licensed hawkers, June 1973 | 24 | ||
Conclusion | 30 | ||
3 Economic informality in Nairobi between 1980 and 2010 | 37 | ||
Introduction | 37 | ||
Management of hawkers | 38 | ||
4 Women in Nairobi | 43 | ||
table 4.1 Nairobi’s population by gender, 1948–2009 | 43 | ||
table 4.2 Distribution of population by gender in Nairobi, 2009 | 44 | ||
table 4.3 Highest level of education of population aged three years and above by sex in Nairobi, 2009 | 44 | ||
The position of women in the city | 45 | ||
Women’s struggle for ascendancy: the 1960s to the 1980s | 53 | ||
The women’s struggle: 1990 to 2010 | 59 | ||
5 Women, mobility and economic informality | 63 | ||
Women and mobility | 63 | ||
Mobility of women in economic informality | 66 | ||
table 5.1 The location of informal economy women’s residences in Nairobi | 67 | ||
table 5.2 Sources of start-up capital of Nairobi women in the informal economy | 68 | ||
Modes of movement | 71 | ||
6 Women in economic informality in Nairobi | 75 | ||
The literature on women in economic informality | 76 | ||
Women’s characteristics and role in economic informality | 79 | ||
Implications for participation in economic informality | 81 | ||
7 The quest for spatial justice: from the margins to the centre | 87 | ||
Women and land in the city | 87 | ||
table 7.1 Women’s business locations in the city | 88 | ||
table 7.2 Type of women’s business buildings in the city | 88 | ||
The Taveta Road phenomenon | 89 | ||
Factors that facilitated women’s entry into Taveta Road | 90 | ||
Individual stories of enterprise | 92 | ||
Solidarity entrepreneurialism | 95 | ||
8 Women’s collective organizations and economic informality | 99 | ||
The street or market collective organization (chama cha soko) | 103 | ||
Characteristics of women’s collective organizations (vyama) | 105 | ||
table 8.1 Chama names and themes | 106 | ||
table 8.2 Specific functions of the chama | 107 | ||
table 8.3 Issues discussed in the chama | 112 | ||
9 Conclusion | 117 | ||
Complexity of urbanization | 117 | ||
Economic informality | 118 | ||
Women in the city | 119 | ||
Implications for planning | 120 | ||
References | 125 | ||
Index | 135 | ||
Back cover | Back cover |