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Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa

Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa

Mary Njeri Kinyanjui

(2014)

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Book Details

Abstract

In this highly original work, Mary Njeri Kinyanjui explores the trajectory of women's movement from the margins of urbanization into the centres of business activities in Nairobi and its accompanying implications for urban planning. While women in much of Africa have struggled to gain urban citizenship and continue to be weighed down by poor education, low income and confinement to domestic responsibilities due to patriarchic norms, a new form of urban dynamism - partly informed by the informal economy - is now enabling them to manage poverty, create jobs and link to the circuits of capital and labour. Relying on social ties, reciprocity, sharing and collaboration, women's informal 'solidarity entrepreneurialism' is taking them away from the margins of business activity and catapulting them into the centre. Bringing together key issues of gender, economic informality and urban planning in Africa, Kinyanjui demonstrates that women have become a critical factor in the making of a postcolonial city.
'This is a powerful case study, with important implications for urban planning and development in sub-Saharan Africa. Kinyanjui provides vital evidence of the genuine significance of women's informal economic activity for contemporary Nairobi. It is a concise, seminal contribution, very effectively situated in the burgeoning literature of African urban studies.' Garth Myers, Urban and International Studies, Trinity College, Hartford 'Kinyanjui has presented us with a fresh way of understanding the complexities associated with women's socio-economic empowerment in a hostile city, in terms of access to economic space. This book is a paradigm shift in the way we talk and write about poverty alleviation in marginalized communities!' Faith Maina, professor of education, State University of New York, Oswego 'Women and the Informal Economy is a well-researched critical analysis, providing new perspectives on urbanization in Kenya. The book is essential reading for geographers, planners, policy makers and students of African urbanization and gender studies.' Agnes Musyoki, professor of human geography, University of Venda 'The informal sector dominates Africa's economy and women have long played an important role in it. However, their contribution to the continent's urban informal economy is neither well understood nor documented. I applaud Kinyanjui for this timely volume on the contributions of women to the continent's urban informal economy and to the broader postcolonial African urban scene.' Kefa M. Otiso, associate professor of urban and economic geography, Bowling Green State University
Mary Njeri Kinyanjui is a senior research fellow at the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. She holds a PhD in geography from the University of Cambridge.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front cover Front cover
Africa Now i
About the author ii
Title page iii
Copyright page iv
Contents v
Acknowledgements vii
Indeed Structured Living Indeed ix
Map xi
1 Introduction 1
The African city in reality and theory 3
Urban planning 5
Gender in the city 7
Economic informality in the city 8
2 Theorizing planning and economic informality in an African city 17
The origin of Nairobi 18
Economic implications of the founding of Nairobi 20
The plight of Africans in Nairobi city 21
The planning of economic informality in Nairobi 22
table 2.1 Licensed hawkers, June 1973 24
Conclusion 30
3 Economic informality in Nairobi between 1980 and 2010 37
Introduction 37
Management of hawkers 38
4 Women in Nairobi 43
table 4.1 Nairobi’s population by gender, 1948–2009 43
table 4.2 Distribution of population by gender in Nairobi, 2009 44
table 4.3 Highest level of education of population aged three years and above by sex in Nairobi, 2009 44
The position of women in the city 45
Women’s struggle for ascendancy: the 1960s to the 1980s 53
The women’s struggle: 1990 to 2010 59
5 Women, mobility and economic informality 63
Women and mobility 63
Mobility of women in economic informality 66
table 5.1 The location of informal economy women’s residences in Nairobi 67
table 5.2 Sources of start-up capital of Nairobi women in the informal economy 68
Modes of movement 71
6 Women in economic informality in Nairobi 75
The literature on women in economic informality 76
Women’s characteristics and role in economic informality 79
Implications for participation in economic informality 81
7 The quest for spatial justice: from the margins to the centre 87
Women and land in the city 87
table 7.1 Women’s business locations in the city 88
table 7.2 Type of women’s business buildings in the city 88
The Taveta Road phenomenon 89
Factors that facilitated women’s entry into Taveta Road 90
Individual stories of enterprise 92
Solidarity entrepreneurialism 95
8 Women’s collective organizations and economic informality 99
The street or market collective organization (chama cha soko) 103
Characteristics of women’s collective organizations (vyama) 105
table 8.1 Chama names and themes 106
table 8.2 Specific functions of the chama 107
table 8.3 Issues discussed in the chama 112
9 Conclusion 117
Complexity of urbanization 117
Economic informality 118
Women in the city 119
Implications for planning 120
References 125
Index 135
Back cover Back cover