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Dictatorship, Imperialism and Chaos

Dictatorship, Imperialism and Chaos

Thabit A J Abdullah

(2008)

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Abstract

Since 1989 the history of Iraq has been one of the world's most traumatic. In this book, Thabit Abdullah places the Iraqi people at the centre of changes which began with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and ended with the current American-led occupation. Battles for control of oil, the vacuum created by Saddam Hussein's dictatorship and the devastating impact of sanctions have wreaked havoc on Iraqi society over the past two decades. Abdullah argues that current ethnic tensions and religious divisions are a response to this destruction of civil society, rather than a consequence of having 'artificial' borders, inherent in Iraq's very existence. This powerful and often moving account provides a uniquely measured insight into the recent political and social history of Iraq. It is an ideal introduction for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of this important and controversial nation.
'Rather than looking at Iraqi society as a blank slate on which an invading American army wrote its will, Thabit Abdullah shows how internal and external dynamics shaped Iraq in the decade and a half before Bush invaded. The US did not invent Iraq, the rich and complicated history of which defeated all the glib plans of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Abdullah sheds great illumination on why things turned out as they did.' Juan Cole, University of Michigan 'Amidst the current chaos and tragedy, Abdullah provides a rich and illuminating study of Iraq's cultural and historical development. Impressive in its breadth, coverage and scope, concise but comprehensive, this book is an excellent read for experts and non-experts alike.' Tareq Ismael, University of Calgary
Thabit A. J. Abdullah is Associate Professor in the Department of History at York University in Canada. His recent publications include A Short History of Iraq: From 636 to the Present (2003) and Merchants, Mamluks and Murder: The Political Economy of Commerce in Eighteenth Century Basra (2001).

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents\r v
Acknowledgments\r vi
Map\r viii
Introduction 1
1 | The rise of the modern state 5
Arab Islamic rule 6
Transformations under the Ottomans 7
War and the formation of the modern state 11
Rebellion and independence 12
The monarchy 15
Revolution and reform 18
Reaction 21
Ba‘athist totalitarianism 23
2 | Dictatorship and war 32
The regime’s social base 33
The leadership cult 34
The Islamist challenge 35
Saddam’s eight-year war 38
The cost of war 42
3 | Imperialism and the crisis of Kuwait 48
Saddam’s “Final Solution” 48
The question of weapons of mass destruction 51
Economic liberalization 52
The question of Kuwait 56
Toward a new war 58
The United States and the Middle East 61
Invasion and defeat 63
Uprising and consolidation 65
Victory for whom? 68
4 | The sanctions regime 71
The structure of sanctions 71
The social cost 74
The Kurdish region 79
Survival strategies 81
Society’s means of coping 84
Regime consolidation and social collapse 86
5 | Occupation and chaos 88
American views on Iraq 88
Invasion 93
Looting 95
Resistance 97
Reconstruction and corporate looting 101
Post-Saddam politics 107
Regional involvement 114
National reconciliation or sectarian civil war? 115
Epilogue 119
Notes 122
Introduction 122
1 The rise of the modern state 122
2 Dictatorship and war 122
3 Imperialism and the crisis of Kuwait 124
4 The sanctions regime 124
5 Occupation and chaos 125
Epilogue 126
Sources 127
Index 131