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Big Business, Poor Peoples

Big Business, Poor Peoples

John Madeley

(2009)

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Book Details

Abstract

Transnational corporations are one of the most important actors in the global economy, occupying a more powerful position than ever before. In their persistent battle to increase profits, they have increasingly turned to the developing world, a world that holds many attractions for them. But what is their impact on the poor? Now in its second edition, Big Business, Poor Peoples finds that these corporations are damaging the lives of millions of poor people in developing countries. Looking at every sector where transnational corporations are involved, this vital book is packed with detail on how the poor are affected. The book exposes how developing countries’ natural resources are being ceded to TNCs and how governments are unwilling or unable to control them. The author argues that TNCs, answerable to no one but their shareholders, have used their money, size and power to influence international negotiations and taken full advantage of the move towards privatization to influence government policies; sovereignty is passing into corporate hands, and the poor are paying the price. But people are fighting back: citizens, workers, and communities are exposing the corporations and looking for alternatives. The first edition of this path-breaking book put the issue of transnational corporations and the poor firmly on the agenda. This second edition contains significant new and updated material and is an essential read for anyone who wants to know more about the effects of corporate power on the poor.
'Authoritative and highly readable. Madeley names the names and tells the stories to provide a clear answer to those who cling to the myth that foreign investment, transnational corporations, the IMF, the World Bank and UNDP are an answer to the prayers of the poor. An excellent book that should be read by everyone committed to ending global poverty.' David C. Korten, The People-Centered Development Forum 'At last, a lucid account of how transnational corporations which should be accountable are destroying the lives of the world's poor. Read it, and understand how we can regain control over the powerful forces that are shaping our future.' Barry Coates, World Development Movement 'Readable and persuasive ... a timely and cogent examination of transnational corporations, the engines that drive globalization.' New Internationalist 'A searing indictment of contemporary corporate plunder, this book constructs an airtight case for international regulation of TNCs' Walden Bello 'Millions of people around the world are working for more effective means of holding big business accountable for its human rights impacts. John Madeley's expertly researched and highly readable book shows how necessary and how difficult the task is proving to be.' Miles Litvinoff, Ecumenical Council for Corporate Responsibility
John Madeley is a writer, author of nine books and broadcaster who has specialized in development issues for over thirty years. From 1983 to 1998, he was editor of the renowned magazine International Agricultural Development. A contributor to leading British papers including The Observer and The Financial Times, he has also written for many NGOs, including Christian Aid, the Panos Institute and the Catholic Institute for International Relations.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Preface to the Second Edition vii
Preface viii
Effects x
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction: the Corporate Spread 1
Foreign direct investment 2
The top 20 TNCs, ranked by market value 3
Why TNCs are different 5
The poor 6
Size 8
Gain or loss? 9
Physical environment 10
Employment 10
Dual economies 12
Child labour 13
Transfer pricing 14
Services 15
Conclusion 17
1 | Why Poor Countries ‘Want’ the Corporations 18
Globalization 19
Privatization 21
External debt 23
The aid connection 24
Conclusion 26
2 | The Agri-Corporations: from Production to Trade 27
Seeds 28
Patents 29
Genetic modification 32
Terminator 35
Biopiracy 35
Agrofuels (biofuels) 37
Pesticides 39
Trade 43
Land 45
Conclusion 46
3 | Agri-Commodities Take Their Toll 48
Tobacco 48
Baby foods 54
Bananas 57
Soft drinks: Coca-Cola 59
Fruit, vegetables and flowers 63
Cotton 66
Palm oil: Indonesia 66
Conclusion 68
4 | Health: the Poor Take the Corporate Pill 69
The ten most profitable pharmaceutical corporations, 2006 70
HIV/AIDS and TNCs 72
Promotion and information 74
Antibiotics, vitamin pills and stimulants 74
Generic drugs 76
Donations 78
Withdrawn products 79
Discrediting critics 80
Climate change 81
Conclusion 82
5 | Water: the Corporate Tap 83
Largest companies 84
Bolivia 85
Tanzania 86
Ghana 87
Uruguay 88
Bottled water: Brazil 89
GATS 90
Conclusion 91
6 | Tourism: the Great Illusion 94
Three branches 96
Links 99
Culture 101
Environmental damage 102
Alternative tourism 104
Regulation 106
Conclusion 107
7 | Extracting Logs and Fish 109
Forests 109
Fisheries 118
8 | Mining the Poor 126
Culture 127
World’s largest mining companies 129
The companies 129
Controversial Asian mines 131
The Philippines 134
Africa 136
Latin America 138
Gold 140
Effects on women 141
Conclusion: responsible mining 142
9 | Manufactured Goods: Poverty amid the Glitz 144
Clothes 145
Footwear 149
Carpets: child labour 150
Toys 151
Export processing zones 153
Conclusion: codes of conduct 156
10 | Energy: No Force for the Poor 158
Damming 158
Dams, aid funds and TNCs 159
Oil and gas 162
World Bank funding 169
Conclusion 171
11 | The Corporate Persuaders 172
Influencing the UN 173
The taming of UNCTAD 176
Bribes 177
Public relations 178
Influence on the WTO 181
Fair trade 183
Corporate social responsibility 185
Conclusion 186
12 | Tackling the Power: Regulation, Bypass, Action 187
Regulation 187
Corporate bypass 193
Farmer and shareholder action 198
Conclusion 201
Conclusion 203
Under pressure 204
Alternatives 205
Notes 207
Prefaces\r 207
Introduction\r 207
Chapter 1 209
Chapter 2 210
Chapter 3\r 212
Chapter 4 214
Chapter 5 216
Chapter 6 217
Chapter 7 219
Chapter 8 222
Chapter 9 224
Chapter 10 226
Chapter 11 227
Chapter 12 229
Conclusion 231
Index 232