Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The economic and political empowerment of women continues to be a central focus for development agencies worldwide; access to medical care, education and employment, as well as women's reproductive rights remain key factors effecting women's autonomy. Feminisms, Empowerment and Development explores what women are doing to change their own personal circumstances whilst providing an in-depth analysis of collective action and institutionalized mechanisms aimed at changing structural relations.
Drawing on unique, original research and approaching empowerment as a complex process of negotiation, rather than a linear sequence of inputs and outcomes, this crucial collection highlights the difficulty of creating common agendas for the advancement of women's power and rights, and argues for a more nuanced, context-based approach to development theory and practice. An indispensible text for anyone interested in gender and development, this book shows that policies and approaches to development that view women as instrumental to other objectives will never promote women's empowerment as they fail to address the structures by which gender inequality is perpetuated over time.
Andrea Cornwall is the director of the Pathways of Women's Empowerment programme and professor of anthropology and development in the School of Global Studies at the University of Sussex. She has written widely on gender issues in development, sexuality and development and participatory governance. Her publications include Women, Sexuality and the Politics of Pleasure (Zed 2013), Men and Development: Politicising Masculinities (Zed 2012) and The Politics of Rights: Dilemmas for Feminist Praxis (2009).
Jenny Edwards has been the programme officer for the Pathways of Women's Empowerment programme at the Institute of Development Studies since 2006. She studied cultures and communities at the University of Sussex and her dissertation was on the politics of stepmothering as portrayed in children's literature. Her interests are in the issues of gender stereotyping, particularly in popular culture, and women's political representation.
'In a neoliberal development paradigm obsessed with silver bullets for complex social challenges, this book is a transformative text that reveals the multifaceted, unpredictable and even contradictory results of empowerment processes. Its rich array of insights and lessons - most powerfully articulated in the voices of women engaged in the struggle - has immense value for researchers, activists, policy makers, and the aid and philanthropic community. I consider this a vitally important text for all those who believe there can be no development or social justice without gender justice.'
Srilatha Batliwala, Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID)
'This book, with rich empirically grounded chapters from around the world, is a truly feminist multidisciplinary collection that brings the discourse on women's empowerment to a new level.'
Radhika Balakrishnan, Rutgers University
'A helpful book at the right time. After decades of trying to get women's rights to the top of policy-making agendas, it is refreshing to read sound analysis about the pitfalls, "rallying points" and "hidden pathways" that feminist activists, organizations and movements are today facing.'
Nicky McIntyre, Mama Cash
'Based on context-specific, wide-ranging and incisive analysis, this innovative and insightful book ... raises hard and serious questions that help us lay to rest conventional assumptions and easy generalizations related to women's empowerment. It provides a stimulating and solid contribution to ongoing debates on social change.'
Zenbework Tadesse, women's rights activist and member of the board of DAWN
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Feminisms and Development | i | ||
About the Editors | ii | ||
Title | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
Preface | ix | ||
Introduction Negotiating Empowerment | 1 | ||
Understanding change in women’s lives | 2 | ||
Tracks and traces: women’s empowerment in development | 3 | ||
Motorways and pathways | 8 | ||
Contexts of choice | 11 | ||
Exercising voice | 13 | ||
Expanding horizons of possibility | 16 | ||
Confronting stereotypes and changing norms | 18 | ||
Relationships matter | 21 | ||
Negotiating empowerment | 24 | ||
Conclusion | 26 | ||
Acknowledgements | 28 | ||
Notes | 28 | ||
References | 28 | ||
1 Legal Reform, Women’s Empowerment and Social Change: The Case of Egypt | 32 | ||
Constructing marriage in modern Egyptian family laws | 34 | ||
Lived experiences of marriage | 37 | ||
The new family courts: implementation challenges | 39 | ||
Reform approaches and strategies: lessons learned | 40 | ||
Conclusion: towards just family laws | 44 | ||
Acknowledgement | 47 | ||
Notes | 47 | ||
References | 47 | ||
2 Quotas: A Pathway of Political Empowerment? | 49 | ||
The struggle for suffrage and the democratic deficit | 51 | ||
Table 2.1 Women in the executive | 52 | ||
Quotas in Latin America | 54 | ||
Table 2.2 Quotas and electoral systems in Latin America | 56 | ||
Quotas: a pathway to equality? | 61 | ||
Conclusion | 62 | ||
Acknowledgement | 64 | ||
References | 64 | ||
3 Advancing Women’s Empowerment or Rolling Back the Gains? Peace Building in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone | 67 | ||
Women’s empowerment in a post-conflict context:two different entry points | 69 | ||
Operationalizing women’s empowerment in post-conflict Sierra Leone | 71 | ||
The practice of women’s empowerment in post-war Sierra Leone | 76 | ||
Women’s lives in post-war Sierra Leone | 82 | ||
Conclusion | 83 | ||
Acknowledgements | 84 | ||
Notes | 84 | ||
References | 85 | ||
4 Education: Pathway to Empowerment for Ghanaian Women? | 87 | ||
The national context: gender, education and formal sector employment in Ghana | 88 | ||
Methodology | 90 | ||
Statistics and life experiences across regions and generations | 91 | ||
Table 4.1 Educational levels of respondents | 91 | ||
The relationship between education and employment | 95 | ||
Table 4.2 The importance of education for employment | 96 | ||
Table 4.3 Generational differences in terms of employment | 97 | ||
Table 4.4 Generational differences in kinds of salaried employee positions | 98 | ||
Table 4.5 Employer and income | 99 | ||
Conclusion | 102 | ||
Acknowledgement | 102 | ||
References | 103 | ||
5 Paid Work as a Pathway of Empowerment: Pakistan’s Lady Health Worker Programme | 104 | ||
Work and empowerment | 106 | ||
Enterprise and change | 111 | ||
Personal survival and crisis management | 116 | ||
Paid work as a catalyst of positive change | 119 | ||
Note | 121 | ||
References | 121 | ||
6 Steady Money, State Support and Respect Can Equal Women’s Empowerment in Egypt | 123 | ||
Why women are a priority for social protection | 124 | ||
Critiques of conditional cash transfers | 127 | ||
Design features that enable cash to honour and empower: the Ain-el-Sira experiment | 129 | ||
A reality check on women’s lives in Egypt | 135 | ||
Conclusion | 137 | ||
Note | 139 | ||
References | 139 | ||
7 Changing Representations of Women in Ghanaian Popular Music | 141 | ||
Popular music and sexuality: women as objects or subjects? | 143 | ||
Changing the representations of women in popular music | 148 | ||
Conclusion | 154 | ||
Acknowledgements | 156 | ||
Notes | 156 | ||
References | 157 | ||
8 Subversively Accommodating: Feminist Bureaucrats and Gender Mainstreaming | 159 | ||
The debate | 160 | ||
Insider activism | 163 | ||
Negotiating change | 165 | ||
Conclusion | 171 | ||
Acknowledgements | 172 | ||
Note | 173 | ||
References | 173 | ||
9 Reciprocity, Distancing and Opportunistic Overtures: Women’s Organizations Negotiating Legitimacy and Space in Bangladesh | 175 | ||
Case study organizations | 177 | ||
Methods | 178 | ||
Packaging: ‘naming and framing’ the issues for mobilization | 179 | ||
Alliance building with civil society: reciprocity, legitimacy and hierarchy | 183 | ||
Relations with political parties: costs of engagement versus non-engagement | 187 | ||
Engagement with the state: opportunism or pragmatism? | 189 | ||
Personal networks: access and sustainability issues | 191 | ||
Conclusions | 194 | ||
Acknowledgement | 195 | ||
References | 196 | ||
10 Empowerment as Resistance: Conceptualizing Palestinian Women’s Empowerment | 197 | ||
From instrumentalism to resistance: defining empowerment in Palestine | 198 | ||
Meanings of women’s empowerment in the Palestinian context | 200 | ||
Empowerment on three levels | 203 | ||
Alternative perspectives on empowerment | 204 | ||
Conclusion | 206 | ||
Acknowledgement | 208 | ||
References | 208 | ||
11 Crossroads of Empowerment: The Organization of Women Domestic Workers in Brazil | 210 | ||
Negotiating the ‘traffic’: intersections and inequalities | 212 | ||
Differences that make a difference | 214 | ||
Between women: the ‘sexual re-division of work’? | 216 | ||
Women in movement: fortifying domestic workers’ empowerment | 220 | ||
The conquest of public policies | 222 | ||
Pathways of collective empowerment | 224 | ||
Acknowledgement | 227 | ||
References | 227 | ||
12 Women’s Dars and the Limitations of Desire: The Pakistan Case | 228 | ||
Dars as religious practice | 231 | ||
Strategic mediations of space and desire | 240 | ||
Conclusion | 245 | ||
Notes | 247 | ||
References | 248 | ||
13 The Power of Relationships: Money, Love and Solidarity in a Landless Women’s Organization in Rural Bangladesh | 250 | ||
Women’s empowerment and development organizations | 251 | ||
A brief history of Saptagram | 254 | ||
The decline of Saptagram | 256 | ||
Table 13.1 Characteristics of new and old members | 258 | ||
Table 13.2 Impacts of Saptagram membership | 259 | ||
Savings and livelihoods: ‘able to stand on my own feet’ | 260 | ||
Consciousness and capabilities: ‘That’s how I got the courage’ | 261 | ||
Solidarity and social relationships: ‘The tree of Saptagram’ | 264 | ||
Holding on to the organization: staff perspectives | 270 | ||
Conclusions | 272 | ||
Acknowledgement | 274 | ||
Notes | 274 | ||
References | 275 | ||
14 Women Watching Television: Surfing between Fantasy and Reality | 277 | ||
Dominant narratives | 278 | ||
Power dynamics and negotiations while viewing | 280 | ||
Viewers’ interpretations | 281 | ||
New spaces | 292 | ||
Acknowledgement | 293 | ||
Notes | 293 | ||
References | 294 | ||
15 Family, Households and Women’s Empowerment through the Generations in Bahia, Brazil: Continuities or Change? | 295 | ||
Family-household organization and female trans-generational solidarity | 298 | ||
Plataforma in the twenty-first century: women and families | 301 | ||
Women’s empowerment? | 303 | ||
Three generations of women and their pathways to empowerment | 305 | ||
Change or continuity? | 306 | ||
Final considerations | 310 | ||
Acknowledgement | 311 | ||
Notes | 312 | ||
References | 312 | ||
About the Contributors | 314 | ||
Index | 321 |