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Revolting Subjects

Revolting Subjects

Doctor Imogen Tyler

(2013)

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Abstract

Revolting Subjects is a groundbreaking account of social abjection in contemporary Britain, exploring how particular groups of people are figured as revolting and how they in turn revolt against their abject subjectification. The book utilizes a number of high-profile and in-depth case studies - including 'chavs', asylum seekers, Gypsies and Travellers, and the 2011 London riots - to examine the ways in which individuals negotiate restrictive neoliberal ideologies of selfhood. In doing so, Tyler argues for a deeper psychosocial understanding of the role of representational forms in producing marginality, social exclusion and injustice, whilst also detailing how stigmatization and scapegoating are resisted through a variety of aesthetic and political strategies. Imaginative and original, Revolting Subjects introduces a range of new insights into neoliberal societies, and will be essential reading for those concerned about widening inequalities, growing social unrest and social justice in the wider global context.
'This brilliant and exciting book is a work of immense significance. Rigorous, lucid, original, packed with insights and burning with passion, Revolting Subjects confirms Imogen Tyler as one of the most important writers in cultural studies and sociology today.' Rosalind Gill, King's College, London 'Social abjection is notoriously tied to harrowing social disenfranchisement. Tyler's brilliant autopsy of abject processes lays bare a state apparatus in which human disposability and waste are shown to be the enabling conditions for neoliberal governance. Tyler's book reveals how such understanding enables abjected subjects to become the animating force for diverse social movements dedicated to reclaiming the principle of the commons across the globe.' Sneja Gunew, professor of English and women's and gender studies, University of British Columbia, Canada 'A crash course in the politics of disgust and the logic of riot, occupation and exposure. Passionate, furious and full of hope, Imogen Tyler offers her readers a devastating analysis of governance through stigma, as well as a manifesto for survival, solidarity and revolt. A must read for activists, analysts and those in danger of despair.' Rachel Thomson, professor of childhood and youth studies, University of Sussex 'In this brilliant book Imogen Tyler explores the new political and psychosocial landscapes of the UK. She charts the emergence of new, precarious, political collectives and the co-option of protest against neoliberal hegemonies. Tyler offers a stunning re-analysis of social abjection. This is just one of this book's crowning achievements. The arguments and analyses will inspire and fascinate all those seeking to understand contemporary social insecurities.' Margaret Wetherell, emeritus professor, The Open University, and professor of social psychology, The University of Auckland. 'Imogen Tyler has given us a powerful and deeply moving account of how social abjection is produced, lived, and resisted in contemporary Britain. Foregrounding issues of migrant illegality, social class, citizenship, and protest, Revolting Subjects is a forceful return to the best cultural studies tradition, one devoted to impassioned intellectual energy and oppositional politics.' Katarzyna Marciniak, Ohio University, author of Alienhood: Citizenship, Exile, and the Logic of Difference 'A brilliant must-read book. Tyler brings an ambitious and unique urgency of voice to the 'revolting subject' of heightened inequalities in neoliberal times. Perspectives of valueless-ness are forcibly shifted with persistent attentiveness and interdisciplinary observance of affect, abjection and disgust; of protest, publics and politics; of youth, parenting and popular (mis)representation. Hard edges of intersecting social divisions sit with a caring call for 'common grounds', to be revolt-ing. Revolting Subjects truely conveys the essence of active, public sociology...' Professor Yvette Taylor, Head of the Weeks Centre for Social and Policy Research, London South Bank University. 'I can only hope that Revolting Subjects will be widely read beyond its disciplinary grounding in sociology/cultural studies, and indeed beyond academia: it offers both analytic fortitude and refreshing political inspiration. It is a nothing short of a beautiful heresy in these revolting times.' Tom Slater, in Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography '(A) meticulously researched and immensely readable book on "social abjection" shows how, within the neoliberal order, biased media portrayals and policies generate "a disgust consensus" that contributes to the stigmatisation of groups such as asylum seekers, Gypsies and Travellers. This book will make you angry, yet there is a vivid activist energy that runs through it that brings the academic analysis to spirited life. Times Educational Supplement
Imogen Tyler is a senior lecturer in sociology and co-director of the Centre for Gender and Women's Studies at Lancaster University. She specializes in the area of marginal social identities, a topic which brings together research on asylum and migration, borders, sexual politics, motherhood, race and ethnicity, disability, social class and poverty. Her work focuses on representation and mediation and the relationship between social theory and activism. Other recent publications include a special issue of Feminist Review (with C. Gatrell) on the theme of 'Birth', a special issue of Studies in the Maternal (with T. Jensen) on the theme of 'Austerity Parenting', a special issue of Citizenship Studies on the theme of `Immigrant Protest` (2013) and a book (with K. Marciniak), Immigrant Protest: Politics, Aesthetics, and Everyday Dissent (2014).

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
About the author i
Title page iii
Copyright iv
Table of contents v
Figures vi
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction: revolting subjects 1
Introduction 3
Social abjection 4
Revolting times 5
Figurative methods 8
Capture and escape 10
The structure of Revolting Subjects 13
Un/timeliness 18
1 | Social Abjection 19
The wretched of the earth 19
Introduction 20
The politics of disgust 21
Disgust consensus 23
The aesthetics of disgust 24
The neoliberalization of disgust 25
The psychoanalytics of disgust 27
‘I feel like vomiting the mother’ 29
National depression 29
Abjection as a memory hole 32
Extreme Eurocentrism 33
Abject normativity 35
Hygienic governmentality 38
The politics of the racaille 39
Being made abject 41
Melancholic states 44
Conclusion: social abjection 46
2 | The Abject Politics of British Citizenship 48
The birth of British citizenship 49
Citizen Smith and the ‘loony left’ 50
The 1981 Nationality Act 53
The Brixton riots 54
State racism 56
Home rule 58
Home front 59
Stateless within the state 61
Sonia and Mary 62
Every child matters? 64
Sonia 66
Migrant abjection 68
Neoliberal black worlds 70
Conclusion 72
3 | The Asylum Invasion Complex 75
Introduction 75
Abas Amini 76
3.1 Iranian refugee sews his face in protest 77
3.2 ‘Abas Amini is our friend’ 78
The invasion complex 79
The fabrication of the asylum seeker 83
Soft-touch Britain 87
3.3 Steve Bell cartoon from 2003 depicting the tabloid media hysteria around the ‘refugee crisis’ 90
Media theatrics 90
The neoliberal economics of illegality 93
The dilemmas of migrant and refugee activism 96
The autonomy of migration 98
Conclusion: fearless speech 99
4 | Naked Protest: Maternal Politics and the Feminist Commons 104
Crane Wing, Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre, England, April 2008 104
Introduction 106
The securitization of reproduction 107
Policy 108
Media stigmatization 109
Experience 110
Against abjection 111
Naked but alive 115
Infinitely clothed 117
Sitting on a man 118
July 2002, Escravos Oil Facility, Niger Delta 120
4.1 Still from The Naked Option: A Last Resort 122
Common roots 122
Conclusion: ‘expose the naked truth’ 124
5 | The Big Society: Eviction and Occupation 125
19 October 2011, Dale Farm, Essex, England 125
5.1 Riot police at the Dale Farm eviction, October 2011 126
Dale Farm: background 126
5.2 ‘If not on a scrap-yard then where?’ Dale Farm 2011 127
Introduction 131
One square mile of land 131
‘If you’re a Traveller you’re an outcast’ 133
Stamp on the camps 135
Proud to be British 137
The Big Society 139
Social abjection 140
The marketization of racism 141
Big fat gypsy weddings 142
The culturalization of politics 145
A struggle of imagination 149
Conclusion: the tragedy of the commons 150
6 | Britain and its Poor 153
Introduction 153
Sociology and its poor 154
Class is dead 155
Aylesbury Estate, Southwark, England, 2 June 1997 159
Failed citizens 161
Territorial stigma 162
The animation of the chav 163
Vicky Pollard 164
6.1 Popular greetings card 167
Classificatory struggles 167
Declassificatory politics 171
Class as a history of names 173
Broken Britain: Little Britain 176
Conclusion 177
7 | The Kids are Revolting 179
England, 6–10 August 2011 179
7.1 Volunteer Haley Miller waits to help with the clean-up operation at Clapham Junction 181
Introduction 182
7.2 ‘The riots are not political’ 183
The lumpen history of the underclass 184
Economic Darwinism 187
The new government of poverty 191
Penal pornography 193
7.3 Front cover of the Sun, 10 August 2011 194
Penal humiliation 196
Neoliberal citizenship 197
Un/employment 198
Social abjection 201
Carnival 203
Conclusion: dissensus 204
Afterword 207
The London Olympic Stadium, 29 August 2012 207
Disaster capitalism 210
The importance of cultural studies 215
Notes 217
Bibliography 222
Index 244
About Zed Books 254