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Spoiling Tibet

Spoiling Tibet

Gabriel Lafitte

(2013)

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Book Details

Abstract

The mineral-rich mountains of Tibet so far have been largely untouched by China’s growing economy. Nor has Beijing been able to settle Tibet with politically reliable peasant Chinese. That is all about to change as China’s 12th Five-Year Plan, from 2011 to 2015, calls for massive investment in copper, gold, silver, chromium and lithium mining in the region, with devastating environmental and social outcomes. Despite great interest in Tibet worldwide, Spoiling Tibet is the first book that investigates mining at the roof of the world. A unique, authoritative guide through the torrent of online posts, official propaganda and exile speculation.
Gabriel Lafitte has spent years living with Tibetans, in exile and in Tibet. Based in Australia, he researches the impacts of Chinese policies on the Tibetan Plateau, and regularly trains young Tibetan professional environmentalists and advocates. Decades of immersion in Tibetan culture, and a dozen journeys around China, have given him an insider/outsider perspective on two great civilizations in conflict. He is an experienced public policy adviser with expertise in development, biodiversity and resource management policy. He has authored numerous reports, submissions and a 2006 book on the Dalai Lama's teachings Happiness in a Material World.
'This is not just a simple book on minerals and mines in Tibet. It is the first serious study of the subject. It is also a book that tackles the issue of Tibet's sacred mountains, which are at present being badly damaged by the development of mines. At a time when Tibetans are fighting to save their physical environment as well as their religious landscape from destruction, an informative book such as this is most welcome. Written in a comprehensive and lively style, it sheds light on Chinese policies regarding Tibet's minerals resources. It is a must read for anyone interested in Tibet and in the fragility of the environment.' Katia Buffetrille, École Pratique des Hautes Études, co-editor of Authenticating Tibet: Answers to 100 China Questions and editor of Revisiting Rituals in a Changing Tibetan World 'Spoiling Tibet contains a fascinating wealth of information about mining in contemporary Tibet. Bringing reflections on the relationship between landscape and enlightenment together with analyses of capital flight, primitive accumulation, and the dynamics of Chinese state capitalism in an era of globalization, the book is packed full of often counter-intuitive insights. Lafitte highlights the voices of Tibetans who are excluded from decision-making and object to environmentally destructive mining, while also arguing that to date, China has not exploited Tibetan minerals as much as commonly presumed.' Emily T. Yeh, Associate Professor, University of Colorado at Boulder 'Gabriel Lafitte is one of the few analysts wtih a profound knowledge of the extent and impacts of mineral exploitaiton in Tibet. This book is a vital reference point for anyone inerested in the future of Tibet.' Isabel Hilton, editor of chinadialogue.net

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
About the Author ii
Title iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Preface vi
Maps of Tibet and China viii
Introduction 1
Four key minerals, four modes of production 4
Geologists as guerrillas of socialist construction 6
Perspectives: global, national, Tibetan 10
Nation-building through mining 14
A note on sources 17
1 Tibet in its own right 19
Mining old Tibet 21
The land of Tibet: foreground of enlightenment 25
Roiling the gods 28
Modern imaginaries of Tibet 35
‘Both sky and earth belong to the government’ 36
Mining into history 38
Extraction and distraction: twin pillars of China’s Tibet 39
Enriching whom? 40
Tibetan resistance 41
‘I don’t know if they really have permission’ 42
Tibet’s territorial charisma 45
Becoming the mountain 49
2 Gold rush in Tibet 53
Surface wounds 53
Gold rush and rent-seeking 54
Tibetan voices 55
‘Suwa village did not receive even one yuan’ 57
Chewing the land for gold 58
Death in Amchok 59
Gold, caterpillar fungus and sheep 59
Government is the problem 60
‘You can see the dust floating in the air’ 62
‘Locals tried hard to stop the mining’ 64
‘There used to be foxes and wolves on the hill’ 68
Bringing the state back in 69
‘They didn’t receive any compensation’ 70
‘All the workers are Chinese’ 73
Unstoppable degradation 75
‘No one consulted our village’ 76
Impacts and consequences 77
‘That driver drove into the protestors and broke the legs of three or four people’ 79
‘This mountain is the property of the local government.No trespassers’ 80
The resource curse 82
Conflict minerals and Tibetan resistance 84
Resistance at the sacred mountain 85
Tilting the plateau 87
The Sioux, the Kazakhs and the Tibetans 90
3 Reach of the revolutionary state 92
The Tsaidam/Qaidamu Basin 92
Revolutionary oil 94
China’s nuclear power, uranium and Tibet 96
Colonizing the Tibetan desert 97
Protests in Dzogang 99
Minerals boom on the new frontier 100
4 Chromite globalization 103
Protests end in death 104
Chrome-plated modernity 105
Norbusa/Luobusa 107
China’s searoads lead to chrome 109
China’s chromers 111
Chroming your next car made in China 113
Chromium and health 115
Yellow water – hexchrome contamination 117
China eats the world 118
Gold panning 120
5 Capitalizing on Tibet: privatizing the treasure house 122
Lithium and the snow li-ion 123
Molybdenum and the trade wars of resource nationalism 125
Compulsory modernity: gold-mining corporations move into Tibet 127
Dachang: gold in the alpine desert of Tibet 130
Kumbum Monastery 136
6 Intensive exploitation 139
Planning the industrialization of Tibet 139
Tibet work: industrializing the TAR 140
Overriding the provinces: recentralizing power 146
Inventing Tibet work 148
If development is the answer, then what is the question? 150
A new master plan for Tibet 156
‘Songtsen Gampo’s hometown is about to be completely excavated’ 169
Conclusion 175
China’s new rulers 175
Tibetan voices 177
Unbundled modernity 177
Notes 186
Further reading on Tibet 196
Index 198
About Zed Books 206