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The Sexual History of the Global South

The Sexual History of the Global South

Saskia Wieringa | Horacio Sívori

(2013)

Additional Information

Abstract

The Sexual History of the Global South explores the gap between sexuality studies and post-colonial cultural critique. Featuring twelve case studies, based on original historical and ethnographic research from countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the book examines the sexual investments underlying the colonial project and the construction of modern nation-states. Covering issues of heteronormativity, post-colonial amnesia regarding non-normative sexualities, women's sexual agency, the policing of the boundaries between the public and the private realm, sexual citizenship, the connections between LGBTQ activism and processes of state formation, and the emergence of sexuality studies in the global South, this collection is of great geographical, historical, and topical significance.
'In examining transnational genealogies of sexualities, this book connects many lost dots. The cartographies it draws of both the Western gaze and of gendered and sexualized constructs in the Global South will undoubtedly enrich the field of sexual theorizing and research. Good reading!' Dr Sonia Corrêa, research associate at ABIA (Brazilian Interdisciplinary Association for AIDS) and co-chair of Sexuality Policy Watch 'The Sexual History of the Global South is an exciting and challenging read. It puts together solid and original research with highly engaging analysis of sexuality in the colonial constructs of development. In the twelve chapters it covers huge ground, making it important reading for both students and scholars. It promises to be a landmark in the booming field of sexualities.' Dr Wendy Harcourt, Sexuality Research Institute at the Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University, The Hague 'This is an exciting collection that delivers what it promises: a truly transnational investigation of sexuality from the perspective of scholars from the Global South. Much more than a history of sexualities, or an exploration of sexual diversity cross-culturally, it offers compelling insights into the close interaction between political and social histories and ideologies of sexuality. It gives the reader a broad view of the colonial, the post-colonial, and the often reactionary ways that new and modernizing states shored up heterosexuality while condemning other types of gendered and sexual expressions. This will undoubtedly be a foundational text in sexual histories of the global South.' Dr Evelyn Blackwood, author of Falling into the Lesbi World: Desire and Difference in Indonesia 'The Sexual History of the Global South is urgent reading for anyone interested in not only the history of sexual practices but also in critical theory and sexual politics. Its brilliant contributions go beyond mere "case studies" of diverse desires, pleasures, sexual subjects, and their regulation in colonial and post-colonial settings. By adapting Foucault and showing his Eurocentric limits, they open up whole new ways of thinking about sexual diversity as it interweaves with race, ethnicity, gender, class and the meanings of power in modernity.' Rosalind Petchesky, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Saskia E. Wieringa is honorary professor at the University of Amsterdam, holding the chair on Gender and Women's Same-Sex Relations Crossculturally. She has a long experience of activism in both the women's and Third World solidarity movements. Since the late 1970s she has done research on women's movements and same-sex relations in many parts of the world, particularly in Indonesia. Her latest books include: Female Desires: Same-Sex Relations and Transgender Practices across Cultures; Sexual Politics in Indonesia; Lubang Buaya, a novel; Tommy Boys, Lesbian Men and Ancestral Wives: Women's Same-Sex Experiences in Southern Africa; Engendering Human Security (co-edited with Thanh-Dam Truong and Amrita Chhachhi); Women's Sexualities and Masculinities in a Globalizing Asia (co-edited with Evelyn Blackwood and Abha Bhaiya); Traveling Heritages and the Future of Asian Feminisms (with Nursyahbani Katjasungkana). She has received various awards for her scholarly work, most recently the 2011 award for Best Paper from the Journal of Contemporary Asia. Horacio Federico Sívori, PhD, is an Argentinean anthropologist, a post-doctoral fellow at the Institute for Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, and the regional coordinator for the Latin American Center on Sexuality and Human Rights. He trained in Argentina, the USA, and Brazil and taught in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru. He is the author of Locas, chogos y gays, as well as journal articles, book chapters, and collective volumes on gay sociability, sexual rights, and AIDS activism. He is co-editor of Sexualities, a working paper series by CLAGS/CUNY's International Resource Network, and has acted as co-chair for Sexuality Studies Section of the Latin American Studies Association. His current research looks at LGBT rights activism in Argentina and Brazil.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
About the editors i
Title page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Foreword vii
1 | Sexual politics in the global South: framing the discourse 1
Introduction 1
Whose sexuality, whose gaze? 4
Sexual science and political control 7
Bio-politics and heteronormativity 9
The selective memory of sexual pasts 11
Sexuality and the politics of location 14
Sexual citizenship and emerging identities 16
Conclusion 17
Notes 18
References 18
2 | The rise of sex and sexuality studies in post-1978 China 22
Introduction 22
Gender and sexuality in China: preliminary comments 24
Sexuality studies in China since the 1980s 25
Empirical studies 28
Sexuality and the law 33
Sex education 34
Discourses arising from sexuality studies 36
Conclusion 38
Notes 39
References 39
3 | The obscene modern and the pornographic family: adventures in Bangla pornography 44
Introduction 44
Obscenity and language in nineteenth-century Bengal 46
The obscene in print 48
Tracing the obscene in women 49
Female transgression and the Hindu family 56
Violence and the female body in pornographic language 58
Notes 60
References 62
Sources 64
4 | Sexing the nation’s body during the Cuban republican era 65
Introduction 65
The press campaign against pepillitos and garzonas 66
Homoeroticism in two novels 73
Conclusion 79
Notes 80
References 81
5 | Government and the control of venereal disease in colonial Tanzania, 1920–60 83
Introduction 83
Mbozi 84
Discourses on the prevalence of STDs 85
VD prevalence in colonial Mbozi 86
Colonial responses to VD 88
Controlling marginal sexualities 89
VD prevention campaigns 91
Medical interventions 92
Conclusion 93
Notes 94
References 97
Archival sources 98
Interviews 98
6 | Violence and the emergence of gay and lesbian activism in Argentina, 1983–90 99
Political actors, GL rights and ‘democratic consolidation’ 99
Violence and the emergence of gay and lesbian organizations 101
CHA: a response to state repression 104
The state and sexual politics 106
‘Patriarchal oppression’ and lesbian feminism 108
GL rights and the ‘democratic deficit’ 112
Notes 115
References 117
Archival sources 118
Newspapers 119
7 | Sexuality and nationalist ideologies in post-colonial Cameroon 120
Introduction 120
State sexual policy: from criminalization to the demonization of homosexuals 122
The nativist construction of African sexuality 126
Muntu: the idealized African male heterosexual 129
Homosexuality, masculinity, and homophobia in post-colonial Africa 133
Conclusion 136
Notes 137
References 139
8 | The ‘lesbian’ existence in Arab cultures: historical and sociological perspectives 144
Introduction 144
The dilemma of rereading Arab history in Arab feminist discourse 146
Rereading women’s biography: female friendships or lesbian secrets 148
Searching for the lesbian in Arab women’s closets and literature 150
The lesbian body in between the biological discourse and the social one (medieval and modern views) 154
Are ‘grinders’ lesbians? 157
Re-examining female masculinities 161
Conclusion: a virgin body, an unwritten history 164
Notes 165
References 165
9 | ‘Public women’ and the ‘obscene’ body: an exploration of abolition debates in India 168
Introduction 168
Publicness and the field of visibility 169
Sexuality and nationhood 170
What constitutes public interest? 171
‘Slipped sisters’ 172
‘A thing that is vanishing tomorrow’: the devadasi system and the abolitionists 174
The devadasi becomes an ‘age-old peculiarity’ 175
The devadasi’s claim on publicness 177
The recasting of the lavani performance in Maharashtra 177
The obscene object of amusement? Banning the dance bar 180
Placed on the ‘stage of sleaze’ 182
Conclusion 184
Notes 184
References 185
10 | Male homoeroticism, homosexual identity, and AIDS in Mexico City in the 1980s 187
Introduction 187
Early visibility: 1979–82 188
Before the panic: 1983–86 191
AIDS and the homosexual body: 1986–88 195
Conclusions 201
Notes 202
References 204
11 | Canons of desire: male homosexuality in twenty-first-century Keralam 206
Introduction 206
The flute: an aberrant subjectivity 209
Family, reproduction, and national progress 215
Conclusion 220
Notes 221
References 222
12 | Female criminality in Brazil: a study on gender and sexuality in a women’s prison 225
Introduction 225
Narratives about deviance and normality 226
Sexualities in prison 229
The masculine as a value 230
The dynamics of intimate visits 235
Conclusion 239
Notes 240
References 241
13 | Sexual pleasure and the premarital sexual adventures of young women in Zimbabwe 244
Introduction 244
African female sexuality as problematic 245
Methodology 246
Female students’ experiences of sexual pleasure 247
Active female sexuality as a liminal experience 252
Female university students, ‘modernity’ and ‘anti-structure’ 257
Conclusion 259
Notes 260
References 260
About the contributors 263
Index 266
About Zed Books 276