BOOK
Civil Society and the State in Left-Led Latin America
Barry Cannon | Professor Peadar Kirby
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Timely and unique, this innovative volume provides a critical examination of the role of civil society and its relation to the state throughout left-led Latin America. Featuring a broad range of case studies from across the region, from the Bolivian Constitution to participative budgeting in Brazil to the communal councils in Venezuela, the book examines to what extent these new initiatives are redefining state-civil society relations. Does the return of an active state in Latin America imply the incorporation of civil society representatives in decision-making processes? Is the new left delivering on the promise of participatory democracy and a redefinition of citizenship, or are we witnessing a new democratic deficit?
A wide-ranging analysis of a vital issue, both for Latin America and beyond.
Barry Cannon is a lecturer in the sociology department of Maynooth University. His books include Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution: Populism and Democracy in a Globalised Age (2009).
Peadar Kirby is professor emeritus of international politics and public policy and former director of the Institute for the Study of Knowledge in Society (ISKS) at the University of Limerick, Ireland. Recent single-authored books include Vulnerability and Violence: The Impact of Globalisation (2006), and Introduction to Latin America: Twenty-first Century Challenges (2003).
'The editors are to be congratulated for making an important contribution to the literature on the new left in Latin America. The collection brings together an impressive set of case studies in participatory democracy, popular protest and resistance politics, all framed nicely through the lens of state-civil society relations. All are good, but the section on extractivism is particularly novel.'
Professor Jean B. Grugel, University of Sheffield
'Much more than a collection of essays, this is a coherent, informative, analytical and very readable exploration of Latin America's "left turn" and what it means for the region's states, civil societies and economies in the early decades of the twenty-first century.'
Jenny Pearce, Professor of Latin American Politics, Director of International Centre for Participation Studies
'Cannon and Kirby's fine collection of essays fills a significant gap in the literature on new left governments in Latin America. The volume's systematic comparative analysis on changing state-civil society relationships in this new and evolving political context is a must read for all who follow Latin American politics.'
Eduardo Silva, Tulane University
'Does the new left deliver the promise of participatory democracy, citizenship and inclusion? Or are we witnessing a new democratic deficit? Cannon and Kirby address this question through insightful studies of state-society relations and dynamics of policy-making in Latin America. This is a provocative contribution to Latin American studies with important implications for how we theorize democracy and democratization in an era of change.'
Dr Pia Riggirozzi, University of Southampton
'This volume is crucial not only for understanding the political dynamics of current Latin America: it also calls attention to the potential democratizing impact that current civil society struggles might have in shaping the developmental agenda of the recently inaugurated post-neoliberal period. This is required reading for all of those who want to make sense of the significant political and economic changes that the region has experienced in recent decades.'
Enrique Peruzzotti, Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
About the editors | i | ||
Title page\r | iii | ||
Copyright\r | iv | ||
Tables and figures | vii | ||
Tables | vii | ||
1.1 Latin America’s ‘new left’, 1998–2011 | 12 | ||
2.1 Bolivarian distribution of power | 22 | ||
3.1 Strike behaviour in Argentina, 2000–05 | 42 | ||
6.1 Council members interviewed and level of involvement in politics | 89 | ||
6.2 Links of council members to political parties | 90 | ||
6.3 Level of participation in the electoral campaign of 2008 | 91 | ||
Figures | vii | ||
3.1 Number of government–union agreements in Argentina, 1991–2006 | 44 | ||
6.1 PB participants in Porto Alegre, 1990–2009 | 87 | ||
10.1 Comparison of Chilean copper production between public and private firms, 1989–2008 | 146 | ||
10.2 Voting trends in presidential elections in major mining regions, 1989–2005 | 152 | ||
10.3 Legitimacy of Chilean unions | 155 | ||
Abbreviations | viii | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
1 | Globalization, democratization and state–civil society relations in left-led Latin America | 3 | ||
Situating this book and its approach | 4 | ||
Table 1.1 Latin America’s ‘new left’, 1998–2011 | 12 | ||
How this book addresses these issues | 13 | ||
SECTION ONE: State–civil society relations: case studies | 17 | ||
2 | Reconfiguring the state/society complex in Venezuela | 19 | ||
‘Protagonistic revolutionary democracy’ and ‘twenty-first-century socialism’ | 19 | ||
Table 2.1 Bolivarian distribution of power | 22 | ||
The ALBA-TCP: transforming the political economy of LAC | 27 | ||
Conclusion | 31 | ||
Notes | 33 | ||
3 | State–civil society relations in post-crisis Argentina | 34 | ||
Historical forms of capital accumulation in Argentina | 35 | ||
State–society relations under Néstor Kirchner | 40 | ||
Table 3.1 Strike behaviour in Argentina, 2000–05 | 42 | ||
Figure 3.1 Number of government–union agreements in Argentina, 1991–2006 | 44 | ||
Globalization and Kirchnerism | 45 | ||
Conclusion: towards strong publics? | 46 | ||
Notes | 47 | ||
4 | Civil society–state relations in left-led El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua1 | 48 | ||
Democratization processes in El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua in left-led Latin America | 49 | ||
Conclusion: civil-society–state relations in left-led Central America – democratization or de-democratization? | 59 | ||
Notes | 61 | ||
5 | Rafael Correa’s government, social movements and civil society in Ecuador | 63 | ||
The legacies of corporatism and Correa’s project of state formation | 65 | ||
Between a citizens revolution and the co-optation of social movements | 70 | ||
Correa’s populist leadership | 72 | ||
Conclusions | 75 | ||
Notes | 77 | ||
6 | Re-evaluating participatory governance in Brazil | 78 | ||
Participatory budgeting, civil society and the state in Brazil | 80 | ||
Porto Alegre and Osasco: two illustrative cases | 82 | ||
Rise and demise of PB in Porto Alegre | 83 | ||
Figure 6.1 PB participants in Porto Alegre, 1990–2009 | 87 | ||
PT strategy and the operation of PB in Osasco | 88 | ||
Table 6.1 Council members interviewed and level of involvement in politics | 89 | ||
Table 6.2 Links of council members to political parties | 90 | ||
Table 6.3 Level of participation in the electoral campaign of 2008 | 91 | ||
Conclusions | 92 | ||
Notes | 93 | ||
7 | State–civil society relations during student mobilizations in Chile in 2006 and 20111 | 94 | ||
State–civil society relations in the context of democratization | 95 | ||
The ‘Penguin Revolution’ and the beginning of the end of an era | 99 | ||
From protest to dialogue: lessons from the CAP for civil society | 101 | ||
Those students again? Lessons from the mobilizations of 2006 and 2011 in comparative perspective | 104 | ||
New conditions? Changes in state–civil society relations | 106 | ||
Notes | 107 | ||
SECTION TWO: Localized conflicts in a globalized age: extractivism, social policy and participation in left-led states | 109 | ||
8 | The return of the state and new extractivism: what about civil society? | 111 | ||
Neoliberal mineral policies and civil society resistance | 112 | ||
Global reconfigurations | 116 | ||
Progressive regimes and new extractivism | 118 | ||
Conclusions | 122 | ||
Notes | 125 | ||
9 | Indigenous and peasant participation in resource governance in Bolivia and Peru | 126 | ||
Bolivia and Peru’s extractivism in the context of globalization | 128 | ||
The contested legal framework of prior consultations | 130 | ||
Prior consultations in practice | 133 | ||
Final reflections: unresolved tensions between self-determined development and ‘national interests’ | 136 | ||
Notes | 140 | ||
10 | Chile’s mining unions and the ‘new left’, 1990–2010 | 141 | ||
State–labour relations before Chile’s democratic transition | 143 | ||
Managing resources and organized labour under Concertación governments | 146 | ||
Figure 10.1 Comparison of Chilean copper production between public and private firms, 1989–2008 | 146 | ||
Tensions between state and labour under the right-wing government | 150 | ||
Figure 10.2 Voting trends in presidential elections in major mining regions, 1989–2005 | 152 | ||
Figure 10.3 Legitimacy of Chilean unions | 155 | ||
Conclusions | 156 | ||
Notes | 157 | ||
SECTION THREE: The global, the national and the local: broadening participation? | 159 | ||
11 | Civil society participation: poverty reduction in Bolivia, Honduras and Nicaragua | 161 | ||
The Poverty Reduction Strategy approach | 161 | ||
Civil society, neoliberalism and participation before the PRS approach | 164 | ||
The experience of civil society participation in the PRS processes | 166 | ||
Lessons for civil society and participation? | 171 | ||
Note | 172 | ||
12 | New left governments, civil society and constructing a social dimension in Mercosur | 173 | ||
Constructing the social dimension of Mercosur | 175 | ||
Social Mercosur: a new aspect in the social dimension of the regional bloc | 178 | ||
The new left-wing governments and the creation of social Mercosur | 179 | ||
The regionalization of the spaces of participation and the Social Summits | 182 | ||
The space of the outsiders: the Summits of the Peoples of the South | 184 | ||
Conclusions | 185 | ||
Notes | 186 | ||
Conclusion | 187 | ||
13 | Civil society–state relations in left-led Latin America: deepening democratization? | 189 | ||
Towards ‘strong publics’? Democratization and civil society–state relations in ‘pink tide’ Latin America | 191 | ||
‘Strong publics’ versus ‘strong states’: tensions, dichotomies and dilemmas in ‘pink tide’ Latin America | 193 | ||
Conclusions | 202 | ||
About the contributors | 203 | ||
Bibliography | 207 | ||
Index | 233 | ||
About Zed Books | 242 |