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Abstract
South Asian feminism is in crisis. Under constant attack from right-wing nationalism and religious fundamentalism and co-opted by 'NGO-ization' and neoliberal state agendas, once autonomous and radical forms of feminist mobilization have been ideologically fragmented and replaced. It is time to rethink the feminist political agenda for the predicaments of the present.
This timely volume provides an original and unprecedented exploration of the current state of South Asian feminist politics. It will map the new sites and expressions of feminism in the region today, addressing issues like disability, Internet technologies, queer subjectivities and violence as everyday life across national boundaries, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Written by young scholars from the region, this book addresses the generational divide of feminism in the region, effectively introducing a new 'wave' of South Asian feminists that resonates with feminist debates everywhere around the globe.
'Since the 1970s, South Asia has seen wide-ranging economic changes that have had major implications for people's livelihood strategies, whilst 'mainstreaming' has given gender issues an unprecedented visibility in development discourses and organisations. A changing road-map has required new strategies and vocabularies as well as different modes of intervention for responding to transnational processes and global discourses, to the ambiguities of co-option by the state or NGOs, or to collaboration with other social movements. This volume makes a very welcome contribution to our understanding of the diverse ways in which new generations of South Asian feminists have responded to these challenges.'
Patricia Jeffery, Professor of Sociology, University of Edinburgh and co-editor of Appropriating Gender: Women's Activism, Politicized Religion and the State in South Asia and author of Frogs in a Well: Indian Women in Purdah (the first volume in Zed's Women in the Third World series)
'This is a significant contribution to the interrogation of feminist subjectivity and politics by a younger generation of scholars exploring both older and newer forms of activism in South Asia and the UK. Be it sex work or NGO work, war or sexual harassment, be it cyber feminism, subnationalism or multi faithism, this collection of essays offers fresh and thoughtful perspectives. A must read for anyone seeking to understand the paradoxes and possibilities which challenge us today in South Asia and beyond.'
Malathi de Alwis, co-editor of Feminists Under Fire: Exchanges Across War Zones and Embodied Violence: Communalising Women's Sexuality in South Asia
'Covering a wide range of debates, which look at women's sexuality, violence against women, secularism and women in conflict, the contributions in New South Asian Feminisms: Paradoxes and possibilities bring to light a very lively and dynamic sphere of social and political activism. Going beyond a retrospective or a nostalgic mode to examine the adjustments and negotiations that feminist organizations have been making, this collection of essays limns out the contours of their new and exciting formations, as women challenge the hierarchies of class, race and gender in a highly volatile and changing world.'
Professor Firdous Azim, BRAC University, Bangladesh
'I can think of no better guide to contemporary feminisms in South Asia than this collection of uniformly first-rate essays. Individually, and collectively, they map out the contemporary terrain for feminist scholarship and politics with great judiciousness and acuity. New South Asian Feminisms deserves to be at the centre of conversations that constitute South Asian scholarship.'
Mrinalini Sinha, Alice Freeman Palmer Professor of History, University of Michigan
'A timely examination of feminist practice in an era of neo-liberalism. These divergent and nuanced histories and analyses from across South Asia are certain to spark debate and re-vitalize women's activism. As such, they are a much needed challenge to discourses proclaiming the demise of feminism and the end of history.'
Shahnaz Rouse, Professor in Sociology, Sarah Lawrence College, New York
'As a collection, New South Asian Feminisms makes us re-engage with feminisms and the actual dynamics of movements. With the inclusion of multiple voices, the book enables a process of thinking and assimilating, whereby the reader is challenged to go beyond rhetoric and confront some of the views put forward.'
Pramada Menon, Queer Feminist Activist, New Delhi
'This volume is a significant contribution to the growing academic interest in exploring recent trends in contemporary South Asian feminisms. Locating these trends in the context of continuity and change, the theoretically and empirically rich essays succeed in significantly widening our understanding of feminisms in both the past and the present.'
Prem Chowdhry, former Professorial Fellow of the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi, and author of Contentious Marriages, Eloping Couples: Gender, Caste, and Patriarchy in Northern India
'The book encourages thoughtful reflection on the complexity of the issues before feminism in South Asia, their evolving nature, and the need for vigilance and care in interpreting women’s different oppressions and the interrelationships and interactions among these.'
Asian Journal of Women's Studies
Srila Roy is a lecturer in sociology at the University of Nottingham. She is the author of Remembering Revolution: Gender, Violence and Subjectivity in India's Naxalbari Movement (2012). She serves on the executive committee of the Feminist and Women's Studies Association, UK.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
About the editor | i | ||
Title page | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
Table of contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vi | ||
Foreword by Shirin M. Rai | vii | ||
Reference | x | ||
Introduction: paradoxes and possibilities | 1 | ||
Feminist loss and hope | 2 | ||
South Asian feminisms | 5 | ||
Feminism institutionalized | 9 | ||
Witnessing and resisting violence | 12 | ||
A new generation of feminists: spaces and practices of ‘young’ feminists | 14 | ||
Conclusion | 17 | ||
Notes | 19 | ||
References | 20 | ||
1 | Sex workers’ rights and women’s movements in India: a very brief genealogy | 27 | ||
Feminism and sex work | 27 | ||
‘The woman question’ | 29 | ||
Trafficking and prostitution | 30 | ||
History and feminism | 31 | ||
Force, choice and race (and caste) | 33 | ||
Migration and HIV/AIDS | 35 | ||
The growth of a sex workers’ movement | 37 | ||
Autonomous feminism | 39 | ||
Conclusion | 40 | ||
Notes | 41 | ||
References | 42 | ||
2 | AASHA’s approach to instituting sexual harassment legislation in Pakistan | 44 | ||
Work on women’s issues in Pakistan: an overview of the strategies | 45 | ||
AASHA – an alliance against sexual harassment | 49 | ||
The formulation, passage and implementation of the sexual harassment legislation | 51 | ||
Interrogating the dichotomies of feminist work | 60 | ||
Notes | 62 | ||
References | 63 | ||
3 | Family law organizations and the mediation of resources and violence in Kolkata | 66 | ||
Women’s organizations, social movements and the state | 68 | ||
‘Family assistance’: of and in the state | 73 | ||
Approaching NGOs: political connections | 76 | ||
Choosing violence: an ‘autonomous’ women’s group | 79 | ||
Conclusion | 83 | ||
Notes | 84 | ||
References | 84 | ||
4 | Contemporary feminist politics in Bangladesh: taking the bull by the horns | 87 | ||
Introduction | 87 | ||
The women’s movement, the NGO sector and the state in Bangladesh | 89 | ||
NGO-ization and women’s organizations | 91 | ||
Generational divide | 97 | ||
Conclusions | 104 | ||
Notes | 105 | ||
References | 106 | ||
5 | Offline issues, online lives? The emerging cyberlife of feminist politics in urban India | 108 | ||
Contextualizing the emergence of the cyberlife of feminist politics in post-liberalized urban India | 110 | ||
Returning the gaze | 114 | ||
Afterword | 122 | ||
Notes | 126 | ||
References | 128 | ||
6 | Illusive justice: the gendered labour politics of subnationalism in Darjeeling tea plantations | 131 | ||
The rise of Nepali ethnic pride and gendered reinterpretation of plantation work | 136 | ||
Desire for workplace justice versus desire for ethnic recognition | 141 | ||
Conclusion | 145 | ||
Notes | 147 | ||
References | 149 | ||
7 | ‘Speak to the women as the men have all gone’: women’s support networks in eastern Sri Lanka | 151 | ||
A time of uncertainty | 152 | ||
Women and violence in Sri Lanka | 154 | ||
Anuloja and the Valkai group | 158 | ||
Feminist activism as ‘active living’ | 161 | ||
Ties through loss | 163 | ||
Notes | 165 | ||
References | 166 | ||
8 | Feminism in the shadow of multi-faithism: implications for South Asian women in the UK | 169 | ||
Introduction | 169 | ||
Whither feminism: secular and co-opted or pious and fractured? | 170 | ||
British public policy and religious claims | 173 | ||
Local consequences for women and women’s organizations | 176 | ||
Undermining feminist projects | 180 | ||
The SBS study | 181 | ||
Conclusion | 184 | ||
Notes | 186 | ||
References | 187 | ||
About the contributors | 189 | ||
Index | 193 |