BOOK
Region-Building in Southern Africa
Chris Saunders | Gwinyayi Albert Dzinesa | Dawn Nagar
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
How successful have Southern African states been in dealing with the major issues that have faced the region in recent years? What could be done to produce more cohesive and effective region-building in Southern Africa?
In this original and wide-ranging volume, which draws on an interdisciplinary team of mainly African and African-based specialists, the key political, socio-economic, and security challenges facing Southern Africa today are addressed. These include the various issues confronting the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its institutions; such as HIV/AIDS, migration and xenophobia, land-grabbing and climate change; and the role of the main external actors involved with the region, including the United Nations, the European Union, the United States, and China. The book also looks at the Southern African Customs Union and Southern African Development Finance Institutions, including the Development Bank of Southern Africa and Industrial Development Corporation, and issues of gender and peacebuilding.
In doing so, the book goes to the heart of analyzing the effectiveness of SADC and other regional organisation, suggesting how region-building in Southern Africa may be compared with similar attempts elsewhere in Africa and other parts of the world.
Gwinyayi Dzinesa is Senior Researcher at the Centre for Conflict Resolution in Cape Town.
Chris Saunders is Emeritus Professor in Historical Studies at the University of Cape Town, and a research associate at the Centre for Conflict Resolution
Dawn Nagar is a researcher at the Centre for Conflict Resolution in Cape Town.
'This is likely to be one of the most important books of this decade on region building in Southern Africa. The volume contains chapters by a highly esteemed group of scholars and policy makers. It is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand region building in Africa in general and Southern Africa in particular. I highly recommend it for use in the classroom and by policy makers and civil society.'
Professor Margaret C. Lee, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
'The book provides a systematic overview of southern Africa as a region, discussing the diverse dynamics that energise the sub-continent and which both contribute to and undermine coherent integration and development. Comprehensive and well-written, the contributions shed a timely light on a part of Africa that is said to be currently 'emerging'. Readers of this volume will be equipped to be able to make their own judgements on such an assertion'.
Professor Ian Taylor, School of International Relations, University of St. Andrews
'While this is not the first book that tries to get a better understanding of the processes, actors and institutions involved in the formation of a functional region, this volume is unique in several ways. One is that it takes a broadly Pan-African approach to the analysis. The second is that it draws together reputable analysts with diverse expertise on regional integration. The third is that it is a product of a high-level policy seminar and thus offers fresher perspectives on topical issues of today. Lastly, it provides the basis for further and deeper research of key dynamics that could propel regional integration forward. This is a useful addition to the literature on regional integration in southern Africa.'
Dr Siphamandla Zondi, Director of the Africa and Southern Africa Programme, The Institute for Global Dialogue, South Africa
'There has been an urgent need for an up-to-date volume on Southern Africa as a region, and for the expansive range of the region's concerns to be fully and sympathetically addressed. This book will be indispensable to all who wish to understand Southern Africa and its regional dynamics.'
Stephen Chan, School of Oriental & African Studies, London
'This very timely and well-researched volume enriches the existing body of literature on regionalism in southern Africa with commendable no-nonsense clarity. It is carefully nuanced, engages the debate at more than one register, and ought to become a primer on this subject to academicians and practioners alike.'
Professor Andre du Pisani, The University of Namibia
'There is always value in new analysis and evaluation of national, regional and global endeavours, to enhance the quality of life of families, communities and nations in the global village. This book adds to an already strong resource base for policy makers, planners, business leaders and scholars, seeking deeper and closer understanding of Southern Africa. It also points to the imperatives and critical paths to an effective Southern African Community. It's a smooth and easy read - enjoy!'
Simba Makoni, former Finance Minister, South Africa
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
About the editors | i | ||
Illustrations | vii | ||
Tables | vii | ||
4.1 Classification of regime types in SADC | 79 | ||
7.1 SAPP electricity demand and supply, 2009 | 136 | ||
8.1 SACU economic indicators, 2007/08 | 150 | ||
8.2 SACU common revenue pool, 2005/06–2009/10 | 156 | ||
10.1 Contributions to reduction in child malnutrition, 1970–95 | 185 | ||
13.1 Matrix of possible climate change/security interactions over time | 234 | ||
13.2 Prioritization matrix for climate change constraints at SADC andmember state levels | 240 | ||
Figures | vii | ||
7.1 SAPP electricity contribution, 2009 | 134 | ||
8.1 Regional institutions in southern Africa | 151 | ||
10.1 SADC total cereal and maize production, 1990–2008 | 183 | ||
Map | vii | ||
8.1 SACU member states | 149 | ||
Boxes | vii | ||
8.1 SACU institutions | 158 | ||
13.1 Major likely GEC impacts in Africa | 232 | ||
Abbreviations and acronyms | viii | ||
Acknowledgements | xi | ||
Foreword | xii | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
Regionalism: a conceptual and empirical assessment | 2 | ||
Regional integration: the case of southern Africa | 4 | ||
SADC’s developmental framework | 6 | ||
Politics, security and governance | 8 | ||
International links and key trade partners | 10 | ||
Structure of the book | 12 | ||
Problems and challenges | 16 | ||
Notes | 18 | ||
PART ONE Historical legacy | 23 | ||
1 | The SADCC and its approaches to African regionalism | 25 | ||
Background to SADCC and FLS | 25 | ||
Formation of SADCC | 27 | ||
SADCC’s achievements and shortcomings | 30 | ||
Beyond SADCC: legacies for SADC | 33 | ||
Conclusion | 36 | ||
Notes | 36 | ||
2 | The SADC: between cooperation and development – an insider perspective | 39 | ||
Earlier attempts at regional economic integration | 40 | ||
Political cooperation and development of a shared value system | 42 | ||
Developmental integration | 47 | ||
Functional cooperation | 47 | ||
Trade and investment | 49 | ||
Management of regional integration | 52 | ||
Conclusion | 57 | ||
Notes | 58 | ||
PART TWO Governance and military \rsecurity | 61 | ||
3 | The Southern African Development Community’s decision-making architecture | 63 | ||
Historical background | 63 | ||
Policy agenda | 64 | ||
Political, peace and security priorities | 65 | ||
Socio-economic development and integration priorities | 66 | ||
SADC’s decision-making architecture | 67 | ||
Conclusion | 75 | ||
Notes | 76 | ||
4 | Elections and conflict management | 78 | ||
Context | 78 | ||
Table 4.1 Classification of regime types in SADC | 79 | ||
The problematic nexus between elections and conflict: selected cases | 80 | ||
Evolution of a normative framework for credible, peaceful and transparent elections in southern Africa | 85 | ||
The role of civil society | 88 | ||
Conclusion | 89 | ||
Notes | 90 | ||
5 | Peacekeeping: from the United Nations to the SADC Stand-by Force | 92 | ||
UN peacekeeping missions | 92 | ||
Towards a regional military force | 95 | ||
The AU and the continental drive for an African army | 97 | ||
The SADCSF: issues of capacity, operability and usage | 99 | ||
Conclusion | 102 | ||
Notes | 103 | ||
6 | Gender and peace-building | 107 | ||
An evolving gender architecture | 110 | ||
SADC’s gender instruments | 111 | ||
Technical progress and obstacles in SADC | 112 | ||
Beyond policies: dealing with ‘gender fatigue’? | 115 | ||
The importance of grassroots women’s groups in the implementation of SADC’s Gender Protocol | 118 | ||
Conclusion | 120 | ||
Notes | 121 | ||
PART THREE Economic integration | 129 | ||
7 | Regional economic integration | 131 | ||
Spatial Development Initiatives: the Southern African Power Pool | 132 | ||
Figure 7.1 SAPP electricity contribution, 2009 | 134 | ||
Table 7.1 SAPP electricity demand and supply (MW), 2009 | 136 | ||
SADC free trade area | 138 | ||
SADC’s Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan | 142 | ||
Conclusion | 143 | ||
Notes | 144 | ||
8 | The Southern African Customs Union: promoting stability through dependence? | 148 | ||
The geopolitical imperative | 148 | ||
Map 8.1 SACU member states | 149 | ||
Table 8.1 SACU economic indicators, 2007/08 | 150 | ||
Figure 8.1 Regional institutions in southern Africa | 151 | ||
SACU trade and inequality | 152 | ||
Redistribution? | 153 | ||
Table 8.2 SACU common revenue pool, 2005/06–2009/10 | 156 | ||
Democratization and decision-making | 156 | ||
Box 8.1 SACU institutions | 158 | ||
Conclusion | 161 | ||
Notes | 161 | ||
9 | South Africa’s development finance institutions | 164 | ||
South Africa’s post-apartheid Africa policy | 165 | ||
The Industrial Development Corporation | 167 | ||
The role of the IDC in Mozambique | 169 | ||
The Development Bank of Southern Africa | 171 | ||
The DBSA in the SADC region | 171 | ||
Conclusion | 176 | ||
Notes | 176 | ||
PART FOUR \rHuman security | 179 | ||
10 | Food insecurity | 181 | ||
Theoretical constructs: freedom from hunger | 181 | ||
Regional food security and root causes | 183 | ||
Figure 10.1 SADC total cereal and maize production (thousand tonnes), 1990–2008 | 183 | ||
Underlying causes of regional food insecurity | 184 | ||
Table 10.1 Contributions to reduction in child malnutrition, 1970–95 | 185 | ||
SADC’s regional strategic framework for addressing food insecurity | 188 | ||
The Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan | 189 | ||
FAFS and RISDP: the linkages | 189 | ||
The Malawi ‘success story’ | 190 | ||
Land reform and ‘land grabbing’: threat or opportunity? | 191 | ||
Conclusion | 192 | ||
Notes | 193 | ||
11 | HIV/AIDS and human security | 198 | ||
Human security in southern Africa: a conceptual brief | 199 | ||
Impact of HIV/AIDS on human security in southern Africa | 199 | ||
SADC policy and institutional framework for HIV/AIDS | 202 | ||
HIV/AIDS, the military and human security | 207 | ||
Civil society, HIV/AIDS and human security in southern Africa | 208 | ||
Conclusion | 210 | ||
Notes | 211 | ||
12 | Migration and xenophobia | 215 | ||
Migration and the making of difference in southern Africa | 216 | ||
Migration, xenophobia and ethnicity | 219 | ||
Free market policies and xenophobia | 222 | ||
Conclusion | 225 | ||
Notes | 226 | ||
13 | Climate change challenges | 230 | ||
The growing realities of climate change | 230 | ||
Box 13.1 Major likely GEC impacts in Africa | 232 | ||
GEC, human security and human rights | 233 | ||
Table 13.1 Matrix of possible climate change/security interactions over time | 234 | ||
Southern African dimensions | 236 | ||
Southern African regional institutions’ engagement with GEC | 237 | ||
SADC | 237 | ||
Table 13.2 Prioritization matrix for climate change constraints at SADC and member state levels | 240 | ||
COMESA | 242 | ||
Conclusion | 243 | ||
Acknowledgements | 246 | ||
Notes | 246 | ||
PART FIVE \rExternal actors | 249 | ||
14 | The European Union | 251 | ||
The EU’s post-independence agreements with Africa | 252 | ||
The EU’s development policies: a hindrance to real development | 253 | ||
The geopolitical challenges of the late twentieth century | 254 | ||
South Africa and the European Commission | 256 | ||
Lack of coherence in SADC | 259 | ||
Conclusion | 261 | ||
Notes | 262 | ||
15 | The United States | 264 | ||
The pursuit of US Cold War interests in southern Africa | 265 | ||
Post-Cold War US interests in southern Africa | 266 | ||
The Clinton years | 268 | ||
The George W. Bush years | 269 | ||
Obama and southern Africa | 272 | ||
Reviving the SADC–US Forum and promoting regional cooperation | 276 | ||
Conclusion | 277 | ||
Notes | 278 | ||
16 | China | 281 | ||
Historical dimensions | 283 | ||
Post-apartheid political relations | 286 | ||
Assessing China’s economic role | 288 | ||
Conclusion | 293 | ||
Notes | 294 | ||
Conclusion | 297 | ||
Notes | 304 | ||
About the contributors | 307 | ||
Bibliography | 310 | ||
Index | 338 | ||
About Zed Books | 352 |