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Russia and Development

Russia and Development

Charles Buxton

(2014)

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Abstract

Unique and insightful, this book takes a look at Russia’s development through the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Rather than make the more familiar comparisons between Russia and the West, Russia and Development focuses on political and social mobilization in adjacent Central Asia. It examines the role of local government and civil society in development, as well as popular responses to the policies of Putin and Medvedev aimed at modernizing Russia and forging a new Eurasia alliance in Russia’s 'development neighbourhood'. The book uses local sources and case studies to pose important questions about the role of empire, revolution, nationalism and democratization in the twenty-first century. With unique insider knowledge, Charles Buxton ultimately places Russia’s current development model in an international context, where Russia is increasingly becoming a competitor to Western-led development practices. Essential reading for anyone interested in the region or development thought and practice.
'Based on his experience over a twenty-year period living and working in Russia and Central Asia, Charles Buxton brings out the ambiguities of Russia's development. This is a well-written and accessible book which outlines the development and de-development of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union.' David Lane, Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge
After gaining a degree in Russian and a masters in sociology of literature, Charles Buxton worked in east London for over fifteen years as a community activist, then coordinator of a voluntary sector training programme for the unemployed. In 1995 he took up a position with VSO as regional manager, preparing projects and sending NGO, education and health sector volunteers to eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Since 2001 he has been based in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, as programme manager for INTRAC (International NGO Training and Research Centre), working with civil society organizations across Central Asia.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front cover
About the Author i
Title Page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Tables vi
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction 1
Part 1: The Heritage\r 7
1: Capitalism, Civil Society and Development in Russia (to 1917 and from 1989)\r 9
1 Return to the Transition 9
2 Poverty, Survival Strategies and the Role of Civil Society 16
3 Civil Society in Russia: Towards a Historical Perspective 22
4 Capitalism to 1917 and from 1989 26
2: State and Development in the Soviet Period\r 32
1 Development as a Contested Term 32
2 The Strategy of Soviet State-led Development\r 37
3 Soviet Development Results 41
4 The Golden Age of ‘Real Socialism’\r 47
5 Post-1991: Picking Up the Pieces 50
Postscript: Left Political Parties Resisting Shock Therapy in Russia 55
3: Moving East and South: Empire and After\r 57
1 Russia’s Expansion into Siberia: The Tsarist Period\r 57
2 Siberia in the Soviet Period and Transition 62
3 The Colonization of Central Asia\r 65
4 The Bolsheviks and Hopes for World Revolution Based on the Example of Caucasus and Central Asia\r 72
5 The Role of Civil Society and the Intelligentsia in Interpreting History\r 75
Conclusion 77
Part 2: Development and Struggle\r 79
4: Political Mobilization from War Communism to Coloured Revolution 81
1 Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Development Approaches 81
2 Political Mobilization in Central Asia in the 1920s and 1930s 85
3 Social Mobilization Channelled by the State 93
4 Political and Civil Society in the Time of Perestroika and Coloured Revolution\r 99
5: Local Government Decentralization: Civil Society Development in the Urals and Siberia\r 105
1 The Handover of Social Services to Local Authorities During Russia’s Transition\r 105
2 The Situation of Local Government in the 1990s and 2000s\r 109
3 Centre and Periphery within the Russian Federation\r 115
4 Assessing the Impact of Social Development Interventions in the 1990s and 2000s 121
Conclusion 126
6: Development Challenges in an Insecure Neighbourhood: Tajikistan\r 128
1 Tajikistan and Russia in the 1990s\r 129
2 Tradition versus Modernization in Tajikistan after the Civil War 134
3 Economic Crisis and Migration as a Safety Valve 140
4 Prospects for Development in Tajikistan Today 145
7: Beyond Alienation: Social Movements and Protest in Russia in the 2000s\r 149
1 Democracy Protests on the Move 149
2 Critiques of the Putin–Medvedev Modernization Agenda\r 151
3 Overcoming Alienation: From Isolated Individuals to Collective Action\r 155
4 Conclusion: Struggles in the ‘Three Peripheries’\r 166
Part 3: The International Context\r 169
8: NGOs Challenging Political and Economic Power\r 171
1 The Local Dimension in Russia’s Environmental Movement\r 172
2 Challenges in Developing a National Anti-Globalist Movement in Russia\r 176
3 NGOs Campaigning for International Accountability in Central Asia\r 181
4 Conclusion: What About the Major Russian Companies? 189
9: Russia as a BRIC\r 192
1 Introduction: Russia – A Middle-Income Country\r 192
2 Russia’s Development Model Today 193
3 Russia, the BRICs and G20\r 200
4 Development in the Three Peripheries: Conclusions and Prospects 207
Postscript 214
Notes 219
References 232
Index 241
Back Cover Back cover