BOOK
Development Cooperation and Emerging Powers
Sachin Chaturvedi | Thomas Fues | Elizabeth Sidiropoulos | Manmohan Agarwal | Ross Herbert | James Mackie | Enrique Saravia | Zhou Hong | Maximo Romero | Adolfo Kloke-Lesch
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The current framework of development cooperation is dominated by the experiences of industrialized countries. But emerging economies have begun to accelerate their own development programmes, and attempts to bring them into existing aid models have been met with caution and reservation.
This expert, topical volume explores the development policies of Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa, analysing how South-South cooperation has evolved and where it differs from traditional development cooperation. This vital new collection brings together first-hand experience from these countries to provide a forward-looking analysis of the current global architecture of development cooperation and of the possible convergence of traditional and emerging development actors.
Elizabeth Sidiropoulos is the national director of the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) and the editor-in-chief of the South African Journal of International Affairs.
Thomas Fues, trained as an economist, has been with the German Development Institute (DIE) as senior fellow since 2004. Since 2009 he has headed the training department at DIE and he has worked for the German parliament, the Institute of Peace and Development (University Duisburg-Essen), the government of North Rhine Westphalia and the German Advisory Council on Global Change, as well as acting as a freelance consultant.
Dr Sachin Chaturvedi is a senior fellow at the Research and Information System for Developing Countries, a think tank sponsored by the Indian Ministry of External Affairs. Until recently he was Global Justice Fellow at the MacMillan Center for International Affairs at Yale University.
'This is a fascinating and informative book: nothing less than a new guide to modern development cooperation. It shows us how the fight against poverty works in a world barreling towards multipolarity. It foretells a new paradigm based on the experiences of the old and the new approaches of the emerging economies in the world Provocative and challenging.'
Bert Koenders, UN Undersecretary General and former Minister of Development Cooperation, The Netherlands
'With some large emerging economies assuming an active role alongside traditional 'donors', global development discourse has become more contentious. Featuring top experts from seven countries, this excellent collection reflects these debates. It also explores what values and institutions might realistically coordinate the development efforts of disparate partners which might otherwise impede, cancel or duplicate one another.'
Thomas Pogge, Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs, Yale University
'This book describes the political vision changing the lives of millions in Latin America. It is a manual of thrilling example for us all.'
John Pilger
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| About the editors | i | ||
| Figures and tables\r | vii | ||
| Figures | vii | ||
| 6.1 China’s foreign aid management at the beginning of reform | 148 | ||
| 6.2 China’s foreign aid policy-making and execution processes afterthe reforms | 149 | ||
| 6.3 China’s foreign aid fund appropriation after reform | 150 | ||
| 7.1 EXIM Bank’s operative lines of credit as of 1 September 2010 | 182 | ||
| 8.1 Distribution of cooperation initiatives executed by Mexico | 197 | ||
| 8.2 Participation in triangular cooperation by new donors, 2008 | 198 | ||
| 8.3 Bilateral horizontal South–South cooperation projects, 2009 | 199 | ||
| 8.4 Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica | 200 | ||
| Tables | vii | ||
| 1.1 Comparison of North–South and South–South development partnerships | 24 | ||
| 1.2 DAC concepts of development aid | 25 | ||
| 2.1 Growth of GDP | 39 | ||
| 2.2 Growth in developing countries | 39 | ||
| 2.3 Investment rate in developing countries | 40 | ||
| 2.4 Exports of goods and services | 41 | ||
| 2.5a Inward flows of FDI | 42 | ||
| 2.5b Outward flows of FDI | 43 | ||
| 2.6 Rates of growth in trade between regions, 1997–2007 | 46 | ||
| 2.7 Imports supplied by developing countries | 46 | ||
| 2.8 Total exports from specified regions to developing countries | 47 | ||
| 2.9 FDI and portfolio flows to developing countries (% GDP) | 49 | ||
| 2.10 FDI flows from and to developing countries (% of global) | 49 | ||
| 5.1 Brazil: technical cooperation agreements with developing countries | 129 | ||
| 7.1 Newly established Indian institutes in developing countries | 176 | ||
| 7.2 Outflow of India’s development assistance 1990–2011 | 178 | ||
| 8.1 Cost and economic value of Mexico’s technical and scientific cooperation, 2009 | 196 | ||
| 9.1 Trends in SACU revenue shares among member states, 2005/06–2008/09 | 223 | ||
| 9.2 African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund | 228 | ||
| 10.1 Key components of UNCTAD ’s new international developmentarchitecture | 258 | ||
| Abbreviations | viii | ||
| Foreword | x | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Note | 10 | ||
| References | 10 | ||
| Part One: South–South Cooperation | 11 | ||
| 1 | Development Cooperation: Contours, Evolution and Scope | 13 | ||
| Introduction | 13 | ||
| SSC and its evolution | 16 | ||
| Theoretical framework | 18 | ||
| Development cooperation | 20 | ||
| Altruism and ‘win-win’: differences between NSC and SSC | 22 | ||
| Table 1.1 Comparison of North–South and South–South development partnerships | 24 | ||
| Table 1.2 DAC concepts of development aid | 25 | ||
| Box 1.1 DAC guidelines for evaluation of development assistance | 26 | ||
| Emerging dynamics of triangular cooperation | 29 | ||
| Overcoming SS C limitations | 30 | ||
| Notes | 32 | ||
| References | 33 | ||
| 2 | South–South Economic Cooperation for a Better Future | 37 | ||
| Introduction | 37 | ||
| Recent economic performance | 38 | ||
| Table 2.1 Growth of GDP | 39 | ||
| Table 2.2 Growth in developing countries | 39 | ||
| Table 2.3 Investment rate in developing countries | 40 | ||
| Table 2.4 Exports of goods and services | 41 | ||
| Table 2.5a Inward flows of FDI | 42 | ||
| Table 2.5b Outward flows of FDI | 43 | ||
| South–South trade and investment flows | 44 | ||
| Table 2.6 Rates of growth in trade between regions, 1997–2007 | 46 | ||
| Table 2.7 Imports supplied by developing countries | 46 | ||
| Table 2.8 Total exports from specified regions to developing countries | 47 | ||
| Table 2.9 FDI and portfolio flows to developing countries | 49 | ||
| Table 2.10 FDI flows from and to developing countries | 49 | ||
| The future of South–South cooperation | 50 | ||
| South–South involvement in institutional change | 56 | ||
| Conclusions | 59 | ||
| Notes | 61 | ||
| References | 61 | ||
| Part Two: Lessons from the Experiences of Traditional Aid Policies | 65 | ||
| 3 | Sixty Years of Development Aid: Shifting Goals and Perverse Incentives | 67 | ||
| Purposes | 68 | ||
| Processes contributing to aid effectiveness | 72 | ||
| Incentives | 78 | ||
| Donor incentives and their signals to recipients | 82 | ||
| Lessons for new donors? | 87 | ||
| Notes | 90 | ||
| References | 91 | ||
| 4 | Aid Effectiveness and Emerging Donors: Lessons from the EU Experience | 95 | ||
| Origins of concerns with aid effectiveness | 96 | ||
| Box 4.1 OECD-DAC definition of ODA (Official Development Assistance) | 96 | ||
| Some key issues in effectiveness | 102 | ||
| Why should EU donors continue to be concerned by aid quality? | 105 | ||
| Lessons to be drawn | 107 | ||
| Notes | 109 | ||
| References | 110 | ||
| Part Three: New Actors, New Innovations | 113 | ||
| 5 | Brazil: Towards Innovation in Development Cooperation | 115 | ||
| Brazil’s foreign policy drivers | 115 | ||
| Brazil’s international technical cooperation | 118 | ||
| Brazilian technical cooperation framework | 120 | ||
| Brazilian technical cooperation initiatives | 124 | ||
| Table 5.1 Brazil: technical cooperation agreements with developing countries | 129 | ||
| Conclusion | 131 | ||
| Notes | 132 | ||
| References | 132 | ||
| 6 | China’s Evolving Aid Landscape: Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones | 134 | ||
| Introduction | 134 | ||
| First period: beginnings of China’s foreign aid – internationalism and patriotism | 135 | ||
| Second period: Deng Xiaoping and foreign aid reform | 139 | ||
| Figure 6.1 China’s foreign aid management at the beginning of reform | 148 | ||
| Figure 6.2 China’s foreign aid policy-making and execution processes after the reforms | 149 | ||
| figure 6.3 China’s foreign aid fund appropriation after reform | 150 | ||
| Third phase: China’s foreign aid in the new age | 151 | ||
| A continual reform process | 152 | ||
| Foreign aid reform and its implications for China’s foreign relations | 153 | ||
| Conclusion | 162 | ||
| Notes | 163 | ||
| References | 164 | ||
| 7 | India and Development Cooperation: Expressing Southern Solidarity | 169 | ||
| Introduction | 169 | ||
| Historical evolution | 171 | ||
| Table 7.1 Newly established Indian institutes in developing countries | 176 | ||
| Institutional framework and channels of assistance | 177 | ||
| Table 7.2 Outflow of India’s development assistance 1990–2011 | 178 | ||
| Figure 7.1 EXIM Bank’s operative lines of credit as of 1 September 2010 | 182 | ||
| Emerging policy options and the way forward | 183 | ||
| Notes | 187 | ||
| References | 187 | ||
| 8 | Mexico: Linking Mesoamerica | 190 | ||
| Introduction | 190 | ||
| Mexico’s current international development cooperation activities: an overview | 191 | ||
| A new policy of international development cooperation | 194 | ||
| Statistics on Mexico–South cooperation | 195 | ||
| Table 8.1 Cost and economic value of Mexico’s technical and scientific cooperation, 2009 | 196 | ||
| Figure 8.1 Distribution of cooperation initiatives executed by Mexico | 197 | ||
| Figure 8.2 Participation in triangular cooperation by new donors, 2008 | 198 | ||
| Figure 8.3 Bilateral horizontal South–South cooperation projects, 2009 | 199 | ||
| Figure 8.4 Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica | 200 | ||
| Other cooperation projects effected by Mexico | 208 | ||
| Conclusion | 212 | ||
| Notes | 213 | ||
| 9 | South Africa : development, international cooperation and soft power | 216 | ||
| Development cooperation in diplomacy | 218 | ||
| South Africa’s development cooperation pre-1994 | 220 | ||
| Development partnership in the democratic state | 221 | ||
| Table 9.1 Trends in SACU revenue shares among member states (in billion rands), 2005/06–2008/09 | 223 | ||
| Table 9.2 African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund | 228 | ||
| Conforming with international criteria | 236 | ||
| Challenges for South Africa’s regional development cooperation | 238 | ||
| Notes | 239 | ||
| References | 240 | ||
| 10 | Conclusion: Towards a Global Consensus on Development Cooperation | 243 | ||
| Introduction | 243 | ||
| Divergent positions of traditional and Southern providers | 245 | ||
| International platforms | 247 | ||
| A new international framework for development cooperation | 254 | ||
| South–South cooperation | 255 | ||
| New international development architecture | 257 | ||
| Table 10.1 Key components of UNCTAD’s new international development architecture | 258 | ||
| Conclusions and outlook | 259 | ||
| References | 261 | ||
| Afterword | 263 | ||
| About the Contributors | 266 | ||
| Index | 268 |