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Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry E-Book

Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry E-Book

Neil S. Norton

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

A concise and visual guide to clinically relevant anatomy for dentistry, Netter’s Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry is an effective text for class and exam preparation, as well as a quick review in professional practice. Concise text, high-yield tables, clinical correlations, and review questions combine to make this new edition a perfect choice for learning and remembering the need-to-know structures, relationships, and concepts, while beautiful illustrations created in the Netter tradition enhance your visual mastery of the material.

You may also be interested in:

A companion set of flash cards, Netter's Advanced Head & Neck Anatomy Flash Cards, 3rd Edition.

  • Over 100 multiple-choice questions complete with explanations help you assess your knowledge of the material and prepare for exams.
  • Identify clinically relevant anatomy with Netter illustrations and new art created in the Netter tradition.
  • Concise text and high-yield tables offer fast access to important facts.
  • Procedures coverage gives context and clinical meaning to the anatomy.
  • Expanded, up-to-date coverage on dental implants, cone beam imaging, and mandible osteology.
  • Beautiful new illustrations by Carlos Machado, MD, of the TMJ, articular disc pathology, infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, and maxillary artery.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover cover
Inside Front Cover ifc1
In-Book Ad_1 IFC2
In-Book Ad_2 IFC3
Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry i
Copyright Page ii
Dedication iii
About the Author iv
About the Artists v
Frank H. Netter, MD v
Carlos Machado, MD v
Acknowledgments vi
Preface viii
Table Of Contents ix
1 Development of the Head and Neck 1
Overview 2
General Information 2
Pharyngeal Arches 4
General Information 4
Derivatives of the Pharyngeal Arches 5
Pharyngeal Pouches, Membranes, and Clefts 7
General Information 7
Pharyngeal Pouches 7
Pharyngeal Pouches 8
Pharyngeal Membranes 9
Pharyngeal Clefts 9
Cranium 10
General Information 10
Viscerocranium 10
Viscerocranium 11
Cranial Fontanelles 11
Membranous Neurocranium 12
Cartilaginous Neurocranium 12
Face 13
General Information 13
Palate 15
General Information 15
Tongue 17
General Information 17
Muscles 17
Thyroid Gland 18
General Information 18
Clinical Correlates 19
Pharyngeal Pouch Abnormalities 19
Ectopic Thyroid 19
Pharyngeal Arch Abnormalities 20
Pierre Robin 20
Treacher Collins 21
DiGeorge Syndrome 22
Cleft Lip and Palate 23
Primary 23
Secondary 23
Complete 23
2 Osteology 25
Overview 26
General Information 26
Functions 26
Divisions 26
Articulations 27
Bones of the Skull 28
Frontal Bone 28
Parietal Bone 29
Occipital Bone 30
Temporal Bone 32
Sphenoid Bone 34
Lacrimal Bone 36
Nasal Bone 36
Zygomatic Bone (Zygoma) 37
Ethmoid Bone 38
Vomer 40
Inferior Nasal Concha 41
Palatine Bone 41
Maxilla 42
Mandible 44
Views and Sutures 46
Norma Frontalis 46
Norma Occipitalis 46
Norma Verticalis 47
Norma Lateralis 48
Norma Basalis 49
Major Foramina and Fissures 50
Anterior View 50
Mandible 51
Superior View of the Cranial Base 51
Inferior View of the Cranial Base 54
Cervical Vertebrae 56
General Information 56
Major External Ligaments 58
Major Internal Ligaments 59
Clinical Correlates 61
Zygomatic Fractures 61
Le Fort Fractures 62
Le Fort I 62
Le Fort II 62
Le Fort III 62
Mandible Fractures 63
Cervical Fractures 64
Jefferson Fracture 64
Hangman’s Fracture 64
Odontoid Fracture 64
3 Basic Neuroanatomy and Cranial Nerves 65
Nervous Tissue 66
General Information 66
Neurons 66
Neuroglia 67
Central Nervous System 68
General Information 68
Brain 69
Cerebrum 69
Diencephalon 69
Brainstem 69
Cerebellum 69
Spinal Cord 70
Peripheral Nervous System 72
General Information 72
Spinal Nerves and Cranial Nerves 73
Cranial Nerves 74
General Information 74
Functional Columns 75
Summary of Functions* 75
CN I: Olfactory Nerve 76
CN II: Optic Nerve 78
CN III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens Nerves 80
CN III, IV, VI: Oculomotor. Trochlear, Abducens Nerves 81
CN V: Trigeminal Nerve 82
Overview 82
CN VII: Facial Nerve 94
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve 96
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve 98
CN X: Vagus Nerve 100
CN XI: Accessory Nerve 102
Overview 102
CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve 103
Clinical Correlates 104
Lesions Affecting the Accessory Nerve 104
Lesions Affecting the Hypoglossal Nerve 105
4 The Neck 107
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 108
General Information 108
Fascia 108
Triangles of the Neck 111
Anterior Triangle 111
Anterior Triangle 113
Submental Triangle 113
Submandibular Triangle 114
Lesser’s Triangle 114
Pirogov’s Triangle 114
Beclard’s Triangle 114
Carotid Triangle 116
Muscular Triangle 118
Posterior Triangle 120
General Information 120
Suboccipital Triangle 122
General Information 122
Vertebral Arteries 122
Visceral Contents 123
Thyroid, Parathyroid, Larynx 123
Thyroid Gland 123
Parathyroid Glands 123
Larynx (refer to Chapter 16 on the Larynx for more information) 123
Root of the Neck 125
General Information 125
Muscles 126
Borders and Subdividers 126
Major Borders of the Triangles 126
Muscles That Subdivide the Triangles 126
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid 127
Suprahyoid Muscles 127
Infrahyoid Muscles 127
Prevertebral Muscles 128
Suboccipital Triangle Muscles 129
Vascular Supply of the Neck 130
Arterial Supply 130
Subclavian 130
Common Carotid 130
Venous Drainage 135
Major Veins of the Neck 135
Nerve Supply of the Neck 139
General Information 139
Cranial Nerves of the Neck 139
Cranial Nerves of the Neck 140
Sensory Innervation of the Neck 142
Cervical Plexus 142
Cervical Plexus of the Neck 144
Ventral Rami Nerves of the Neck 146
Sympathetics in the Neck 147
Clinical Correlates 148
Torticollis 148
Hypothyroidism 150
Causes 150
Risk Factors 150
Clinical Manifestations 150
Hyperthyroidism 151
Causes 151
Clinical Manifestations 151
Treatment 151
5 Scalp and Muscles of Facial Expression 153
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 154
General Information 154
Scalp 154
Face 154
Bones 154
Muscles of Facial Expression 154
Overview of the Scalp 156
General Information 156
Vascular Supply of the Scalp 157
General Information 157
Venous Drainage 158
Nerve Supply of the Scalp 159
Sensory Distribution 159
Overview of Muscles of Facial Expression 161
General Information 161
Oral Group 163
Nasal and Orbital Groups 166
Nasal Group 166
Orbital Group 166
Nasal Group 167
Auricular, Scalp, Neck 168
Auricular Group 168
Scalp Group (Occipitofrontalis) 168
Neck Group 168
Auricular, Scalp, Neck 169
Vascular Supply of the Face 170
General Information 170
Arterial Supply 171
Venous Drainage 175
Nerve Supply of the Face 177
General Information 177
Sensory Innervation 178
Motor Innervation 182
Clinical Correlates 183
Trigeminal Neuralgia 183
Clinical Manifestations 183
Treatment 183
Cavernous Sinus Syndrome 185
6 Parotid Fossa and Gland 187
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 188
General Information 188
Anatomic Landmarks 188
Recess of the Parotid Fossa 189
Borders and Structures 189
Contents of the Parotid Fossa 190
Major Structures 190
Vascular Supply 192
Nerve Supply 195
Clinical Correlates 199
Bell’s Palsy 199
Causes 199
Prognosis 199
Frey’s Syndrome 201
Tumors of the Parotid Gland 202
Parotitis/Mumps 203
Bacterial Parotitis 203
Viral Parotitis 203
Xerostomia 204
Fistulas and Sialoceles 205
Causes 205
Treatment 205
Common Repairs 205
7 Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae 207
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 208
General Information 208
Temporal Fossa 208
Infratemporal Fossa 208
Borders of the Temporal Fossa 209
Overview 209
Contents of the Temporal Fossa 210
Vascular Supply 210
Nerve Supply 212
Borders of the Infratemporal Fossa 214
Overview 214
Muscles 214
Arteries 214
Veins 214
Nerves 214
Contents of the Infratemporal Fossa 216
Vascular Supply 216
Nervous Structures 220
8 Muscles of Mastication 229
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 230
General Information 230
Muscles of Mastication 231
Overview 231
Vascular Supply 234
Arterial Supply 234
Venous Drainage 236
Nerve Supply 237
Motor Innervation of Muscles of Mastication 237
Clinical Correlates 239
Mastication 239
Bones Involved 239
Muscles Involved 239
9 Temporomandibular Joint 241
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 242
General Information 242
Structural Components 242
TMJ Dysfunction 242
Anatomy 243
Anatomic Features 243
Vascular Supply 248
Arterial Supply 248
Venous Drainage 249
Nerve Supply 250
Sensory Innervation 250
Clinical Correlates 251
Perforations of the Articular Disc 251
Mandibular Dislocation 252
Opening the Mandible 253
Arthritis and Ankylosis 255
Arthritis 255
Anklyosis 255
10 Pterygopalatine Fossa 257
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 258
General Information 258
Borders and Openings 259
Borders 259
Openings 259
Openings 260
Contents of the Pterygopalatine Fossa 262
Vascular Supply 262
Nerve Supply 265
Imaging 273
11 Nose and Nasal Cavity 275
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 276
General Information 276
Nose 276
Nasal Cavity 276
Respiratory Epithelium 276
Nose 278
Anatomy of the Nose 278
Vascular Supply of the Nose 279
Vascular Supply of the Nose 280
Nerve Supply of the Nose 283
Nasal Cavity 286
Anatomy 286
Piriform Aperture 286
Nasal Septum 286
Lateral Walls 286
Choanae 286
Boundaries and Relations of the Nasal Cavity 287
Conchae of the Nasal Cavity 289
Vascular Supply of the Nasal Cavity 291
Nerve Supply of the Nasal Cavity 295
Clinical Correlates 304
Epistaxis 304
Causes 304
Anterior Epistaxis 304
Posterior Epistaxis 304
Deviated Septum 306
Causes 306
Clinical Manifestations 306
Treatment 306
Rhinitis 307
Allergic Rhinitis 307
Imaging 308
12 Paranasal Sinuses 311
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 312
General Information 312
Drainage of the Paranasal Sinuses and Associated Structures 315
Frontal Sinus 316
General Information 316
Relations of Sinus 316
Location of Ostium 316
Arterial Supply 317
Nerve Supply 318
Imaging 319
Ethmoid Sinus 320
General Information 320
Relations of Sinus 320
Location of Ostium 320
Arterial Supply 322
Nerve Supply 323
Imaging 324
Maxillary Sinus 325
General Information 325
Relations of Sinus 325
Location of Ostium 325
Arterial Supply 326
Nerve Supply 327
Imaging 328
Sphenoid Sinus 329
General Information 329
Relations of Sinus 329
Location of Ostium 329
Arterial Supply 330
Nerve Supply 331
Sphenoid Sinus 332
Imaging 332
Clinical Correlates 333
Sinusitis 333
Acute Sinusitis 333
Chronic Sinusitis 333
Locations 333
Potential Spread of Infection via the Paranasal Sinuses 335
Surgical Procedures 336
Frontal Sinus Obliteration 336
Caldwell-Luc Procedure 337
Conditions Treated 337
Maxillary Implants 338
Sinus Lift Procedure 339
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 340
13 Oral Cavity 341
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 342
General Information 342
External Anatomy 343
External Features 343
Vascular Supply of the Lips and Cheek 344
Muscles 346
Nerve Supply 347
Boundaries of the Oral Cavity 348
General Information 348
Superior Border: Hard Palate 349
Posterosuperior Border: Soft Palate 351
Lateral Border: Cheek 354
Inferior Border: Floor of the Oral Cavity 355
Teeth 357
General Information 357
Deciduous Teeth 357
Permanent Teeth 357
Surfaces of a Tooth 358
Basic Anatomy of a Tooth 359
Types of Teeth in the Permanent Definition 360
Vascular Supply of the Oral Cavity 368
Arterial Supply 368
Venous Drainage of the Oral Cavity 372
Nerve Supply of the Oral Cavity 373
General Information 373
Sensory Innervation 374
Floor of the Oral Cavity 377
Palate 379
Salivary Glands 381
General Information 381
Autonomics of the Salivary Glands 384
Clinical Correlates 388
Gingivitis 388
Dental Caries 389
Torus 390
Mucocele 391
Herpes Simplex 392
Tonsillitis 393
Sialolithiasis 394
Imaging 395
14 Tongue 399
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 400
General Information 400
Functions 400
Appearance 400
Muscle Types 400
Gross Anatomy 402
Parts of the Tongue 402
Muscles 406
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles 406
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles 408
Nerve Supply 410
Sensory Innervation 410
Motor Innervation 414
Vascular Supply 416
Arterial Supply 416
Venous Drainage 419
Clinical Correlates 420
Ankyloglossia 420
Presentations 420
Complications 420
Treatment 420
Hypoglossal Nerve Paralysis 421
Lower Motor Neuron Lesion 421
Upper Motor Neuron Lesion 421
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 422
Treatment 422
Leukoplakia 423
15 Pharynx 425
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 426
General Information 426
Parts of the Pharynx 428
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx 428
Nasopharynx 428
Oropharynx 428
Laryngopharynx 429
Muscles 430
Overview 430
Potential Apertures in Pharyngeal Wall 434
Locations and Structures 434
Vascular Supply 435
Arterial Supply 435
Venous Drainage 438
Nerve Supply 439
General Information 439
Pharyngeal Plexus 439
Other Innervation of the Pharynx 440
Clinical Correlates 442
Deglutition 442
Pharyngitis 444
Etiology 444
Treatment 444
16 Larynx 445
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 446
General Information 446
Relations of the Larynx 446
Cartilages 448
General Information 448
Thyroid Cartilage 449
Cricoid Cartilage 450
Arytenoid Cartilage 451
Epiglottis 452
Minor Cartilages 453
Joints, Membranes, and Ligaments 454
Major Joints 454
Major Extrinsic Membranes and Ligaments 454
Major Intrinsic Membranes and Ligaments 454
Muscles 456
Overview 456
Vascular Supply 458
Arterial Supply 458
Venous Drainage 459
Nerve Supply 460
Motor and Sensory Branches From the Vagus Nerve 460
Clinical Correlates 462
Emergency Airway: Cricothyrotomy 462
Laryngitis 463
Lesions Affecting the Voice 464
17 Cervical Fascia 465
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 466
General Information 466
Superficial Fascia 466
Deep Fascia 466
Fascia of the Neck 468
Superficial Fascia 468
Deep Fascia 469
Fascial Spaces 471
General Information 471
Suprahyoid Fascial Spaces 473
Infrahyoid Fascial Spaces 477
Fascial Spaces Traversing the Length of the Neck 477
Clinical Correlates 479
Ludwig’s Angina 479
Abscesses 480
Dentoalveolar Abscess (Periapical Abscess) 480
Periodontal Abscess 480
Pericoronitis 480
Cervical Emphysema 481
18 Ear 483
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 484
General Information 484
External Ear 484
Middle Ear 484
Inner Ear 484
Structures and Boundaries 487
Structures of the External Ear 487
Boundaries of the Middle Ear 489
Structures of the Inner Ear 491
Muscles 494
Overview 494
Nerve Supply 495
Sensory Innervation of the External Ear 495
Sensory Innervation of the Middle Ear 497
Sensory Innervation of the Inner Ear 498
Vascular Supply 499
Arterial Supply of the External Ear 499
Arterial Supply of the Middle Ear 501
Arterial Supply of the Inner Ear 503
Venous Drainage 504
Venous Drainage of the External Ear 504
Venous Drainage of the Middle Ear 504
Venous Drainage of the Inner Ear 504
Clinical Correlates 506
Acute Otitis Externa 506
Pathogenesis 506
Acute Otitis Media 507
Pathogenesis 507
Mastoiditis 508
Pathogenesis 508
Treatment 508
19 Eye and Orbit 509
Overview and Topographic Anatomy of the Orbit 510
General Information 510
Osteology of the Orbit 512
Openings in the Orbit 512
Bones and Walls of the Orbit 513
Bones Creating the Orbital Margin 513
Contents of the Orbit 514
Eye 514
Anterior Segment 514
Posterior Segment 514
Components 516
Sclera 516
Uveal Tract 516
Choroid 516
Ciliary Body 516
Iris 516
Lens 516
Retina 516
Optic Disc 516
Macula Lutea and Fovea Centralis 516
Muscles 517
Nerve Supply 519
Optic Nerve (Vision) 521
Course 521
Vascular Supply 530
Lacrimal Apparatus 534
Clinical Correlates 537
Testing the Extraocular Muscles 537
Cerebral Aneurysms Causing Ophthalmoplegia 538
Neuromuscular Disorders 538
Abducens Palsy 538
Oculomotor Palsy 538
Glaucoma 539
Open Angle Glaucoma 539
Closed Angle Glaucoma 539
Diabetic Retinopathy 541
Pathophysiology 541
Ametropias 542
Types 542
Myopia 542
Hyperopia 542
Astigmatism 542
20 Autonomics of the Head and Neck 543
Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System 544
General Information 544
Divisions and Functions 547
Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System 547
Sympathetics of the Head and Neck 551
General Anatomic Pathway 551
Autonomic Pathways 553
Parasympathetics of Cranial Nerve III With Corresponding Sympathetics 553
Parasympathetics of Cranial Nerve VII With Corresponding Sympathetics 557
Parasympathetics of Cranial Nerve IX With Corresponding Sympathetics 562
Cranial Nerve X 565
Clinical Correlate 566
Horner’s Syndrome 566
21 Intraoral Injections 567
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 568
General Information 568
Classification 568
Common Blocks 568
Mandibular Injections 569
Innervation and Osteology Landmarks 569
Mandible: General Considerations and Landmarks 569
Associated Nerves 569
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block 570
Long Buccal Nerve Block 572
Mental Nerve Block 573
Gow-Gates Block 574
Akinosi Block 576
Maxillary Injections 578
Innervation and Osteology Landmarks 578
Maxilla: General Considerations 578
Teeth 578
Hard Palate 578
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block 580
Nasopalatine Nerve Block 581
Great Palatine Nerve Block 582
Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve Block 583
Infraorbital/Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block 584
Maxillary Division Block 585
Supplemental Injections 587
General Considerations and Landmarks 587
Periodontal Ligament (PDL) Injection 588
22 Introduction to the Upper Limb, Back, Thorax, and Abdomen 589
Overview and Topographic Anatomy 590
General Information 590
Upper Limb 590
Back and Thorax 590
Anterolateral Abdominal Wall 590
Abdomen 590
Osteology 592
Upper Limb 592
Back 596
Thorax 598
Abdomen 600
Muscles 602
Upper Limb 602
Back 611
Thorax 613
Abdomen 614
Contents of the Thorax 616
Pleural Cavity 616
Lungs 617
Mediastinum 618
Heart 620
Contents of the Abdomen 623
Stomach 623
Duodenum 624
Jejunum and Ileum 625
Jejunum 625
Ileum 625
Large Intestine 627
Cecum 627
Ascending Colon 627
Transverse Colon 627
Descending Colon 627
Sigmoid Colon 628
Rectum 628
Liver 629
Pancreas 630
Gallbladder and Duct System 631
Gallbladder 631
Duct System 631
Spleen 632
Kidney, Ureter, and Suprarenal Gland 633
Kidney 633
Ureter 633
Suprarenal Gland 633
Contents of the Pelvis 634
Male 634
Female 635
Vascular Supply 636
Upper Limb 636
Arterial Supply of the Axilla 636
Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges 638
Ulnar 638
Radial 638
Veins 639
Thorax 640
Arterial Supply of the Thorax 640
Thoracic Wall 640
Visceral Contents 640
Veins 640
Abdomen 642
Unpaired Visceral Arteries 642
Abdomen 644
Paired Visceral and Parietal Arteries 644
Venous Supply of the Viscera 645
Hepatic Portal Vein 646
Venous Supply of the Posterior Abdominal Wall 647
Pelvis 648
Arterial Supply of the Pelvis 648
Nerve Supply 649
Upper Limb 649
Posterior Abdominal Wall 653
Nerves 653
Appendix A Lymphatics 655
Lymphatics 656
General Overview 656
Parts of the Lymphatic System 655
Lymph 655
Lymphatic Vessels 655
Lymph Nodes 655
Lymphatic Ducts 655
Tonsils 656
Other Lymphoid Organs 656
Lymphatics of the Head and Neck 657
Appendix B Questions and Answers 661
Chapter 1 Development of the Head and Neck 661
Chapter 2 Osteology 661
Chapter 3 Basic Neuroanatomy and Cranial Nerves 662
Chapter 4 The Neck 662
Chapter 5 Scalp and Muscles of Facial Expression 663
Chapter 6 Parotid Fossa and Gland 663
Chapter 7 Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae 664
Chapter 8 Muscles of Mastication 664
Chapter 9 Temporomandibular Joint 664
Chapter 10 Pterygopalatine Fossa 665
Chapter 11 Nose and Nasal Cavity 665
Chapter 12 Paranasal Sinuses 665
Chapter 13 Oral Cavity 666
Chapter 14 Tongue 666
Chapter 15 Pharynx 666
Chapter 16 Larynx 666
Chapter 17 Cervical Fascia 667
Chapter 18 Ear 667
Chapter 19 Eye and Orbit 667
Chapter 20 Autonomics of the Head and Neck 667
Chapter 21 Intraoral Injections 667
Chapter 22 Introduction to the Upper Limb, Back, Thorax, and Abdomen 668
Answers 661
Index 669
A 669
B 671
C 671
D 673
E 674
F 675
G 676
H 677
I 678
J 680
K 680
L 680
M 682
N 684
O 685
P 686
Q 691
R 691
S 691
T 695
U 697
V 697
W 698
X 698
Z 698
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