BOOK
Edexcel AS/A Level History, Paper 1&2: Conquest, control and resistance in the medieval world Student Book
Georgina Blair | Simon Davis | Dimon Taylor
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This book covers the essential content in the new specifications in a rigorous and engaging way, using detailed narrative, sources, timelines, key words, helpful activities and extension material helps develop conceptual understanding of areas such as evidence, interpretations, causation and change, through targeted activities
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | 3 | ||
| How to use this book | 4 | ||
| Introduction: AS/A Level History | 6 | ||
| The crusades, c1095–1204 | 8 | ||
| Introduction | 8 | ||
| 1.1: Reasons for the crusades, 1095–1192 | 10 | ||
| Introduction | 10 | ||
| The world of the crusader | 11 | ||
| Church and belief | 11 | ||
| Warfare | 12 | ||
| Why was a crusade possible? | 13 | ||
| How did religious belief motivate people to goon a crusade? | 13 | ||
| The concept of ‘just war’ | 13 | ||
| The impact of the papal reform movement | 14 | ||
| The plenary indulgence | 15 | ||
| The aim of freeing Jerusalem | 15 | ||
| Papal support for the crusades | 17 | ||
| The influence of preachers | 17 | ||
| How did the changing political situation lead to the call for crusaders? | 19 | ||
| Threats to the Byzantine Empire | 19 | ||
| Urban’s political problems and ambitions for the papacy | 21 | ||
| Violence and growing disorder in Europe | 23 | ||
| Defence of the crusader states | 24 | ||
| What inspired knights to go on a crusade? | 28 | ||
| Motivations for an 11th-century knight | 28 | ||
| The development of chivalric values | 31 | ||
| Protecting Christianity and pilgrims | 32 | ||
| Settlement in the crusader states and the acquisition of wealth | 32 | ||
| 1.2: Leadership of the crusades, 1095–1192 | 36 | ||
| Introduction | 36 | ||
| How did the actions of individual princes affect\rthe course of the first crusade? | 37 | ||
| The eight princes and their changing priorities | 37 | ||
| Baldwin’s conquest of Edessa, 1097 | 41 | ||
| Bohemond’s seizure of Antioch, 1098 | 42 | ||
| Emergence of Godfrey of Bouillon as leader and the capture of Jerusalem, 1099 | 45 | ||
| Why did the leaders of the second crusade fail? | 46 | ||
| Personal and political rivalries and tensions | 46 | ||
| Louis and Conrad’s relationship with Manuel I | 47 | ||
| The failure to consult the leaders of the crusader states | 49 | ||
| Failure at Damascus in 1148 and the end of the crusade | 51 | ||
| What effect did the leaders of the third crusade have on its outcome? | 53 | ||
| Background to the Third Crusade | 53 | ||
| The significance of the death of Frederick Barbarossa | 54 | ||
| The rivalries of Richard I and Philip II | 55 | ||
| Richard’s decision to attack Sicily and Cyprus | 57 | ||
| Richard’s leadership at Acre and Philip’s return to France | 57 | ||
| Richard’s leadership at Jaffa | 58 | ||
| Reasons for Richard’s decision not to attack Jerusalem | 59 | ||
| 1.3: The crusader states of Outremer, 1100–92 | 62 | ||
| Introduction | 62 | ||
| What effect did the geography and economy of\routremer have on the history of the crusader\rstates? | 62 | ||
| Edessa | 63 | ||
| Antioch | 64 | ||
| Tripoli | 65 | ||
| The primacy of Jerusalem | 67 | ||
| The absence of natural boundaries to the east | 67 | ||
| The importance of the seaports | 68 | ||
| Trade between Muslim and Christian cities | 69 | ||
| Patterns of settlement and migration from Europe | 70 | ||
| How did the defence of outremer change over time? | 72 | ||
| Baldwin I’s consolidation of territory, 1100–18 | 72 | ||
| Adoption of local methods of fortification and the building of castles | 73 | ||
| The protection of the military orders of Templars and Hospitallers | 75 | ||
| The control of border castles by Templars and Hospitallers | 77 | ||
| Financial support for the military orders by European nobles | 77 | ||
| Lack of support for the states from Byzantium and Europe | 79 | ||
| How effective was the government of outremer? | 81 | ||
| The rule of Baldwin I and Baldwin II | 82 | ||
| Baldwin III and the conflict with Queen Melisende | 83 | ||
| The rule of the ‘leper king’ Baldwin IV | 84 | ||
| Growing divisions: the succession crisis of 1185 | 85 | ||
| The significance of Raymond of Tripoli’s truce with Saladin | 86 | ||
| 1.4: The changing Muslim response to the crusades, 1095–1192 | 88 | ||
| Introduction | 88 | ||
| Why did the muslim opposition to the first crusade fail? | 89 | ||
| The split between Sunni Seljuk Turks and the Shi’ah Fatimids of Egypt | 89 | ||
| The significance of Kilij Arslan’s defeat at Nicaea, 1097 | 92 | ||
| The significance of Kilij Arslan’s defeat at Dorylaeum, 1097 | 93 | ||
| The defeat of Kerbogha’s force at Antioch, 1098 | 94 | ||
| The fall of Jerusalem, 1099 | 96 | ||
| To what extent did muslim power increase between 1144 and 1169? | 97 | ||
| Zengi and the seizure of Edessa, 1144 | 97 | ||
| Nur ad-Din’s consolidation of power, 1146–54 | 100 | ||
| Nur ad-Din’s growing rift with Saladin | 101 | ||
| The Power of Saladin, 1169–92 | 103 | ||
| Consolidation of Saladin’s power in Egypt and Syria, 1169–84 | 103 | ||
| The attack on Tiberias | 107 | ||
| The Battle of Hattin | 107 | ||
| The fall of Jerusalem to Saladin, 1187 | 109 | ||
| The siege of Acre and the Battle of Arsuf, 1189–91 | 110 | ||
| Saladin’s success in keeping Muslim control of Jerusalem in 1192 | 111 | ||
| 1.5: What explains the failure of the Fourth Crusade? | 114 | ||
| Introduction | 114 | ||
| The course of the Fourth Crusade | 114 | ||
| Evaluating Interpretations of History | 116 | ||
| Reading the extracts | 116 | ||
| How significant was innocent III’s role in the failure of the fourth crusade? | 117 | ||
| The call for a crusade, 1198 | 117 | ||
| Innocent’s crusade reforms | 119 | ||
| The problems with Innocent III’s plans | 120 | ||
| Innocent’s determination to lead the crusade: attempts and failures | 121 | ||
| An interpretation: the role of Innocent III | 122 | ||
| How did the size and leadership of the crusading forces contribute to the failure of the fourth crusade? | 123 | ||
| Recruitment | 123 | ||
| Leadership decisions: the plan for the Fourth Crusade | 124 | ||
| The flaws in the plan | 125 | ||
| An interpretation: weakness of the leadership | 127 | ||
| What impact did doge enrico dandolo have on the course of the fourth crusade? | 128 | ||
| The doge’s plan | 128 | ||
| How did Dandolo’s proposals weaken the crusade? | 129 | ||
| The crusaders at Zara | 130 | ||
| An interpretation: the key role of Venice and Dandolo | 131 | ||
| How did prince alexius’s failure to keep his promises cause the fourth crusade to collapse? | 132 | ||
| Prince Alexius’s plan for the crusade | 132 | ||
| The crusaders at Constantinople | 134 | ||
| The failure of Prince Alexius and its significance | 135 | ||
| The sack of Constantinople and its significance | 136 | ||
| An interpretation: Prince Alexius to blame | 137 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 139 | ||
| Anglo-Saxon England and the Anglo-Norman kingdom, c1053–1106 | 166 | ||
| Introduction | 166 | ||
| 2a.1: Late Anglo-Saxon England, c1053–66 | 168 | ||
| Introduction | 168 | ||
| Who were the Anglo-Saxons? | 168 | ||
| How was anglo-saxon england governed? | 170 | ||
| The power of the king | 170 | ||
| Earldoms, shires and local government | 171 | ||
| The legal system | 171 | ||
| How advanced was the anglosaxon economy? | 174 | ||
| Royal mints and the silver penny | 175 | ||
| Urbanisation and the growth of trading centres | 177 | ||
| Coastal towns and overseas trade | 177 | ||
| The system of taxation | 177 | ||
| Why was the godwin family so powerful? | 178 | ||
| Earl Godwin | 178 | ||
| The rise of Harold | 179 | ||
| The Welsh wars | 180 | ||
| Earl Harold’s oath to Duke William | 181 | ||
| The Northumbrian uprising | 183 | ||
| What were the early threats to Harold’s_Throne? | 184 | ||
| Edward’s death | 184 | ||
| The claimants | 185 | ||
| The Coronation | 186 | ||
| The Battle of Gate Fulford | 188 | ||
| The Battle of Stamford Bridge | 189 | ||
| 2a.2: The Norman Conquest of England and extension of control in Wales and Scotland, 1066–93 | 192 | ||
| Introduction | 192 | ||
| Why was william able to win the battle of hastings? | 193 | ||
| William’s military experience | 193 | ||
| The armies of Harold and William | 195 | ||
| The course of the battle | 195 | ||
| Assessment of the Battle of Hastings | 199 | ||
| How did william deal with opposition to his rule? | 199 | ||
| The submission of the earls | 199 | ||
| Rebellion in the South 1067–69 | 200 | ||
| The harrying of the North, 1068–70 | 202 | ||
| Foreign intervention and the East Anglian rebellion 1070–71 | 204 | ||
| The revolt of the earls, 1075 | 205 | ||
| How effectively did the normans deal with the threat posed by wales and scotland? | 207 | ||
| Imposing Norman control in Wales | 207 | ||
| William the Conqueror and Scotland | 208 | ||
| William II and Scotland 1091–93 | 209 | ||
| How did the normans militarise english society? | 210 | ||
| The feudal system | 210 | ||
| The tenants-in-chief | 210 | ||
| The knights | 210 | ||
| The nature of land tenure | 211 | ||
| The power of the castle | 212 | ||
| 2a.3: State, Church and society, 1066–1106 | 216 | ||
| Introduction | 216 | ||
| How innovative was anglo-norman government? | 216 | ||
| The king’s household and the chancery | 216 | ||
| The geld and the silver penny | 219 | ||
| The office of sheriff | 219 | ||
| Codes of law and the local courts | 220 | ||
| Who were england’s new elite after 1066? | 221 | ||
| The end of the English aristocracy | 221 | ||
| Changes in land tenure | 222 | ||
| New earldoms and the growth of Norman influence | 225 | ||
| The Norman aristocracy | 226 | ||
| To what extent did town and village life change after the norman conquest? | 227 | ||
| Towns and trading patterns | 227 | ||
| Village life | 228 | ||
| Royal forests and the forest law | 229 | ||
| The disappearance of slavery | 230 | ||
| In what ways did william and his sons reform the english church? | 232 | ||
| Controlling the Church and the deposition of Archbishop Stigand | 232 | ||
| Archbishop Lanfranc’s reform of the Church | 232 | ||
| William II and Archbishop Anselm | 235 | ||
| Henry I, Anselm and the investiture controversy | 237 | ||
| The Norman kings and the papacy | 237 | ||
| 2a.4: Normandy, 1066–1106 | 240 | ||
| Introduction | 240 | ||
| Why did William decide to invade England in 1066? William’s claim to the English throne | 240 | ||
| The military position of Normandy | 241 | ||
| Papal support for William’s claim | 242 | ||
| How effectively did william deal with the threats to normandy, 1066–87? | 244 | ||
| Conflict in Maine, 1068–73 | 244 | ||
| William’s defeat at Dol | 245 | ||
| The demands of Robert Curthose, 1078–83 | 246 | ||
| The division of Anglo-Norman territories | 247 | ||
| Why couldn’t william rufus or_robert curthose restore the anglo-norman kingdom, 1087–1100? | 249 | ||
| The position of Anglo-Norman nobles | 249 | ||
| The rebellion of 1088 | 251 | ||
| William II in Normandy, 1091 | 253 | ||
| The significance of Robert’s decision to go on crusade | 254 | ||
| How did henry reunite england and normandy? | 256 | ||
| The defeat of Robert of Belleme | 256 | ||
| Misrule in Normandy 1100–06 | 258 | ||
| Henry’s campaign in Normandy | 259 | ||
| The significance of Henry’s victory at Tinchebrai | 261 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 265 | ||
| England and the Angevin Empire in the reign of Henry II, 1154–89 | 284 | ||
| Introduction | 284 | ||
| 2b.1: The restoration and extension of royal authority, 1154–72 | 286 | ||
| Introduction | 286 | ||
| What was the state of henry II’s territories in 1154? | 288 | ||
| Baronial power | 288 | ||
| Declining royal revenues | 289 | ||
| The extent of Angevin lands overseas | 289 | ||
| The power of Eleanor of Aquitaine | 290 | ||
| Why was henry II able to gain control of the nobility by 1172? | 291 | ||
| The weakening of baronial power | 292 | ||
| The destruction of illegal castles | 293 | ||
| Cartae Baronum, 1166 | 295 | ||
| The Inquest of Sheriffs, 1170 | 296 | ||
| Why did the leaders of wales, scotland and ireland submit to henry II’s authority by 1172? | 297 | ||
| Anglo-Welsh relations | 297 | ||
| England, Scotland and the submission of Malcolm IV | 299 | ||
| Henry II and the submission of the Irish kings and bishops | 300 | ||
| Why was henry II able to secure and extend his french territories by 1172? | 305 | ||
| Acquisition and control of Brittany | 305 | ||
| Henry’s restoration and control of Normandy | 306 | ||
| Relations and confl ict with Louis VII of France | 306 | ||
| The significance of the peace of Montmirail | 308 | ||
| 2b.2: Reforms in England, 1154–89 | 310 | ||
| Introduction | 310 | ||
| How did henry_II develop the central institutions of government? | 311 | ||
| The Curia Regis | 311 | ||
| The justiciars and the chancellor | 312 | ||
| The roles of significant individuals | 313 | ||
| To what extent were henry_II’s financial reforms successful? | 315 | ||
| The revival of the Danegeld | 315 | ||
| The restoration of royal lands | 316 | ||
| Reform of the coinage in 1158 and 1180 | 318 | ||
| The importance of Richard fitz Nigel | 320 | ||
| The impact of financial reforms on increasing royal income | 321 | ||
| What was the impact of henry_II’s legal reforms? | 322 | ||
| Medieval courts and court cases | 322 | ||
| The Assizes of Clarendon (1166) and Northampton (1176) | 322 | ||
| Novel disseisin and mort d’ancestor | 324 | ||
| The court of King’s Bench | 325 | ||
| The extent of changes to the system of royal justice under Henry II | 326 | ||
| The implications of Henry II’s legal reforms for the power of the monarchy | 328 | ||
| How did the nature of kingship change under henry_II? | 329 | ||
| The growing political and economic power of the king | 329 | ||
| Relations with leading barons | 330 | ||
| The importance of itinerant kingship in maintaining royal power in England and the Angevin Empire | 331 | ||
| 2b.3: Henry II and the English Church, 1154–74 | 334 | ||
| Introduction | 334 | ||
| What problems did henry_II face with the church in england? | 335 | ||
| Papal influence | 335 | ||
| Church courts | 337 | ||
| The Church’s attitude to moral offences | 337 | ||
| Clerical interference in secular affairs | 338 | ||
| What caused conflict between henry_II and becket 1162–64? | 340 | ||
| Why was Becket elected as archbishop of Canterbury in 1162? | 340 | ||
| Henry’s demands for reform | 341 | ||
| The Constitutions of Clarendon | 343 | ||
| Becket’s attitude to reform | 343 | ||
| Conflict between king and archbishop | 346 | ||
| Becket’s flight into exile | 346 | ||
| The Failure to Compromise, 1169–70 | 348 | ||
| The failure to reach a settlement | 348 | ||
| The diplomacy of Pope Alexander\x1DIII | 348 | ||
| The coronation of the Young King in June 1170 | 351 | ||
| Becket’s return to England | 351 | ||
| The impact and significance of Becket’s murder | 353 | ||
| The Settlement Between King And Church, 1172–76 | 354 | ||
| The Compromise of Avranches | 354 | ||
| Relations with the pope after Avranches | 355 | ||
| The extent of Henry’s success | 355 | ||
| 2b.4: Crises of the Angevin Empire, 1170–89 | 358 | ||
| Introduction | 358 | ||
| What rivalries existed in the plantagenet family? | 359 | ||
| Henry’s plans for his sons’ inheritance | 359 | ||
| The division of Angevin lands between Henry’s sons | 360 | ||
| The position of Eleanor of Aquitaine | 361 | ||
| Why did the great rebellion break out in 1173? | 362 | ||
| The opposition of the English barons to Henry II | 362 | ||
| Henry’s failure to grant his sons a role in government | 363 | ||
| Henry’s sons’ flight to Paris | 365 | ||
| Eleanor of Aquitaine’s opposition to the king | 366 | ||
| How did the great rebellion impact upon royal power? | 370 | ||
| Henry’s victories in England and the Angevin lands | 370 | ||
| The capture of William of Scotland | 372 | ||
| The short-term impact of Henry’s victories on royal power | 373 | ||
| Why did henry_II die a diminished king? | 376 | ||
| The deaths of the Young King and Geoffrey | 376 | ||
| Richard’s and John’s ambitions and treachery | 378 | ||
| The alliance of Philip and Richard against Henry | 378 | ||
| Henry˜II’s defeat in 1189 | 379 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 383 | ||
| Index | 402 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 406 |