BOOK
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, Global Edition
Gerald Audesirk | Teresa Audesirk | Bruce E. Byers
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For non-majors/mixed biology courses.
An Inquiry Approach that engages students in critical thinking through the use of relatable case studies and more.
With a proven and effective tradition of engaging readers with real-world applications, high-interest case studies, and inquiry-based pedagogy, Biology: Life on Earth fosters a lifetime of discovery and scientific understanding. Maintaining the conversational, question-and-answer presentation style that has made the text a best-seller, the Eleventh Edition continues to incorporate true and relevant Case Studies throughout each chapter, along with new, more extensive guidance for developing critical thinking skills and scientific literacy.
MasteringBiology™ not included. Students, if MasteringBiology is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MasteringBiology should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.
MasteringBiology is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product proven to improve results by helping students quickly master concepts. Students benefit from self-paced tutorials that feature personalized wrong-answer feedback and hints that emulate the office-hour experience and help keep students on track. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Brief Contents | Inside Front Cover | ||
| Title Page | 1 | ||
| Copyright Page | 2 | ||
| About the Authors | 3 | ||
| Contents | 4 | ||
| Preface | 20 | ||
| 1. An Introduction to Life on Earth | 39 | ||
| Case Study: The Boundaries of Life | 39 | ||
| 1.1. What is Life? | 40 | ||
| Organisms Acquire and Use Materials and Energy | 40 | ||
| Organisms Actively Maintain Organized Complexity | 40 | ||
| Organisms Sense and Respond to Stimuli | 41 | ||
| Organisms Grow | 41 | ||
| Organisms Reproduce | 41 | ||
| Organisms, Collectively, Have the Capacity to Evolve | 42 | ||
| Case Study Continued: The Boundaries of Life | 42 | ||
| 1.2. What is Evolution? | 42 | ||
| Three Natural Processes Underlie Evolution | 43 | ||
| Case Study Continued: The Boundaries of Life | 44 | ||
| 1.3. How do Scientists Study Life? | 44 | ||
| Life May be Studied at Different Levels | 45 | ||
| Biologists Classify Organisms Based on Their Evolutionary Relationships | 46 | ||
| 1.4. What is Science? | 47 | ||
| Science Is Based on General Underlying Principles | 47 | ||
| The Scientific Method Is an Important Tool of Scientific Inquiry | 47 | ||
| Biologists Test Hypotheses Using Controlled Experiments | 48 | ||
| Scientific Theories Have Been Thoroughly Tested | 48 | ||
| Science Is a Human Endeavor | 49 | ||
| How do we know that? Controlled Experiments Provide Reliable Data | 50 | ||
| Case Study Revisited: The Boundaries of Life | 52 | ||
| Unit 1: The Life of the Cell | 55 | ||
| 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life | 56 | ||
| Case Study: Unstable Atoms Unleashed | 56 | ||
| 2.1. What Are Atoms? | 57 | ||
| 2.2. How do Atoms Interact to Form Molecules? | 60 | ||
| 2.3. Why is Water so Important to Life? | 64 | ||
| 3. Biological Molecules | 70 | ||
| Case Study: Puzzling Proteins | 70 | ||
| 3.1. Why is Carbon so Important in Biological Molecules? | 71 | ||
| 3.2. How are Large Biological Molecules Synthesized? | 72 | ||
| 3.3. What are Carbohydrates? | 74 | ||
| 3.4. What are Proteins? | 78 | ||
| 3.5. What are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids? | 82 | ||
| 3.6. What are Lipids? | 83 | ||
| 4. Cell Structure and Function | 90 | ||
| Case Study: New Parts for Human Bodies | 90 | ||
| 4.1. What is the Cell Theory? | 91 | ||
| 4.2. What are the Basic Attributes of Cells? | 91 | ||
| 4.3. What are the Major Features of Prokaryotic Cells? | 95 | ||
| 4.4. What are the Major Features of Eukaryotic Cells? | 97 | ||
| 5. Cell Membrane Structure and Function | 113 | ||
| Case Study: Vicious Venoms | 113 | ||
| 5.1. How is the Structure of the Cell Membrane Related to its Function? | 114 | ||
| 5.2. How do Substances Move Across Membranes? | 118 | ||
| 5.3. How do Specialized Junctions Allow Cells to Connect and Communicate? | 127 | ||
| 6. Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell | 131 | ||
| Case Study: Energy Unleashed | 131 | ||
| 6.1. What is Energy? | 132 | ||
| 6.2. How is Energy Transformed During Chemical Reactions? | 135 | ||
| 6.3. How is Energy Transported Within Cells? | 136 | ||
| 6.4. How do Enzymes Promote Biochemical Reactions? | 137 | ||
| 6.5. How are Enzymes Regulated? | 139 | ||
| 7. C apturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis | 146 | ||
| Case Study: Did the Dinosaurs Die from Lack of Sunlight? | 146 | ||
| 7.1. What is Photosynthesis? | 147 | ||
| 7.2. The Light Reactions: How is Light Energy Converted to Chemical Energy? | 149 | ||
| 7.3. The Calvin Cycle: How is Chemical Energy Stored in Sugar Molecules? | 153 | ||
| 8. Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration | 161 | ||
| Case Study: Raising a King | 161 | ||
| 8.1. How do Cells Obtain Energy? | 162 | ||
| 8.2. How does Glycolysis Begin Breaking Down Glucose? | 163 | ||
| 8.3. How does Cellular Respiration Extract Energy from Glucose? | 165 | ||
| 8.4. How does Fermentation Allow Glycolysis to Continue When Oxygen is Lacking? | 170 | ||
| Unit 2: Inheritance | 177 | ||
| 9. Cellular Reproduction | 178 | ||
| Case Study: Body, Heal Thyself | 178 | ||
| 9.1. What are the Functions of Cell Division? | 179 | ||
| 9.2. What Occurs During the Prokaryotic Cell Cycle? | 182 | ||
| 9.3. How is the DNA in Eukaryotic Chromosomes Organized? | 183 | ||
| 9.4. What Occurs During the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle? | 184 | ||
| 9.5. How does Mitotic Cell Division Produce Genetically Identical Daughter Cells? | 185 | ||
| 9.6. How is the Cell Cycle Controlled? | 188 | ||
| 10. Meiosis: The Basis of Sexual Reproduction | 194 | ||
| Case Study: The Rainbow Connection | 194 | ||
| 10.1. How does Sexual Reproduction Produce Genetic Variability? | 195 | ||
| 10.2. How does Meiotic Cell Division Produce Genetically Variable, Haploid Cells? | 197 | ||
| 10.3. How do Meiosis and Union of Gametes Produce Genetically Variable Offspring? | 203 | ||
| 10.4. When do Mitotic and Meiotic Cell Division Occur in the Life Cycles of Eukaryotes? | 205 | ||
| 10.5. How do Errors in Meiosis Cause Human Genetic Disorders? | 207 | ||
| 11. Patterns of Inheritance | 212 | ||
| Case Study: Sudden Death on the Court | 212 | ||
| 11.1. What is the Physical Basis of Inheritance? | 213 | ||
| 11.2. How were the Principles of Inheritance Discovered? | 214 | ||
| 11.3. How are Single Traits Inherited? | 215 | ||
| 11.4. How are Multiple Traits Inherited? | 218 | ||
| 11.5. Do the Mendelian Rules of Inheritance Apply to all Traits? | 220 | ||
| 11.6. How are Genes Located on the Same Chromosome Inherited? | 224 | ||
| 11.7. How are Sex and Sex-Linked Traits Inherited? | 225 | ||
| 11.8. How are Human Genetic Disorders Inherited? | 227 | ||
| 12. DNA: The Molecule of Heredity | 236 | ||
| Case Study: Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin | 236 | ||
| 12.1. How did Scientists Discover that Genes are Made of DNA? | 237 | ||
| 12.2. What is the Structure of DNA? | 238 | ||
| 12.3. How does DNA Encode Genetic Information? | 243 | ||
| 12.4. How does DNA Replication Ensure Genetic Constancy During Cell Division? | 244 | ||
| 12.5. What are Mutations, and how do they Occur? | 245 | ||
| 13. Gene Expression and Regulation | 253 | ||
| Case Study: Cystic Fibrosis | 253 | ||
| 13.1. How is the Information in DNA Used in a Cell? | 254 | ||
| 13.2. How is the Information in a Gene Transcribed into RNA? | 257 | ||
| 13.3. How is the Base Sequence of mRNA Translated into Protein? | 260 | ||
| 13.4. How do Mutations Affect Protein Structure and Function? | 263 | ||
| 13.5. How is Gene Expression Regulated? | 264 | ||
| 14. Biotechnology | 274 | ||
| Case Study: Guilty or Innocent? | 274 | ||
| 14.1. What is Biotechnology? | 275 | ||
| 14.2. What Natural Processes Recombine DNA between Organisms and between Species? | 275 | ||
| 14.3. How is Biotechnology Used in Forensic Science? | 277 | ||
| 14.4. How is Biotechnology Used to Make Genetically Modified Organisms? | 283 | ||
| 14.5. How are Transgenic Organisms Used? | 284 | ||
| 14.6. How is Biotechnology Used to Learn About the Genomes of Humans and Other Organisms? | 287 | ||
| 14.7. How is Biotechnology Used for Medical Diagnosis and Treatment? | 288 | ||
| 14.8. What are the Major Ethical Issues of Modern Biotechnology? | 292 | ||
| Unit 3: Evolution and Diversity of Life | 299 | ||
| 15. Principles of Evolution | 300 | ||
| Case Study: What Good Are Wisdom Teeth and Ostrich Wings? | 300 | ||
| 15.1. How did Evolutionary Thought Develop? | 301 | ||
| 15.2. How does Natural Selection Work? | 305 | ||
| 15.3. How do we Know that Evolution has Occurred? | 308 | ||
| 15.4. What is the Evidence that Populations Evolve by Natura | 313 | ||
| 16. How Populations Evolve | 319 | ||
| Case Study: Evolution of a Menace | 319 | ||
| 16.1. How are Populations, Genes, and Evolution Related? | 320 | ||
| 16.2. What Causes Evolution? | 322 | ||
| 16.3. How does Natural Selection Work? | 329 | ||
| 17. The Origin of Species | 337 | ||
| Case Study: Discovering Diversity | 337 | ||
| 17.1. What is a Species? | 338 | ||
| 17.2. How is Reproductive Isolation between Species Maintained? | 340 | ||
| 17.3. How do New Species Form? | 343 | ||
| 17.4. What Causes Extinction? | 348 | ||
| 18. The History of Life | 352 | ||
| Case Study: Ancient DNA Has Stories to Tell | 352 | ||
| 18.1. How Did Life Begin? | 353 | ||
| 18.2. What were the Earliest Organisms Like? | 356 | ||
| 18.3. What were the Earliest Multicellular Organisms Like? | 361 | ||
| 18.4. How did Life Invade the Land? | 362 | ||
| 18.5. What Role has Extinction Played in the History of Life? | 366 | ||
| 18.6. How did Humans Evolve? | 368 | ||
| 19. Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity | 378 | ||
| Case Study: Origin of a Killer | 378 | ||
| 19.1. How are Organisms Named and Classified? | 379 | ||
| 19.2. What are the Domains of Life? | 384 | ||
| 19.3. Why do Classifications Change? | 384 | ||
| 19.4. How Many Species Exist? | 386 | ||
| 20. The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses | 390 | ||
| Case Study: Unwelcome Dinner Guests | 390 | ||
| 20.1. Which Organisms are Members of the Domains Archaea and Bacteria? | 391 | ||
| 20.2. How do Prokaryotes Survive and Reproduce? | 392 | ||
| 20.3. How do Prokaryotes Affect Humans and Other Organisms? | 397 | ||
| 20.4. What Are Viruses, Viroids, and Prions? | 399 | ||
| 21. The Diversity of Protists | 406 | ||
| Case Study: Green Monster | 406 | ||
| 21.1. What are Protists? | 407 | ||
| 21.2. What are the Major Groups of Protists? | 408 | ||
| 22. The Diversity of Plants | 421 | ||
| Case Study: Queen of the Parasites | 421 | ||
| 22.1. What are the Key Features of Plants? | 422 | ||
| 22.2. How have Plants Evolved? | 423 | ||
| 22.3. What are the Major Groups of Plants? | 425 | ||
| 22.4. How do Plants Affect Other Organisms? | 435 | ||
| 23. The Diversity of Fungi | 440 | ||
| Case Study: Humongous Fungus | 440 | ||
| 23.1. What are the Key Features of Fungi? | 441 | ||
| 23.2. What are the Major Groups of Fungi? | 443 | ||
| 23.3. How do Fungi Interact with Other Species? | 450 | ||
| 23.4. How do Fungi Affect Humans? | 453 | ||
| 24. Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates | 458 | ||
| Case Study: Physicians’ Assistants | 458 | ||
| 24.1. What are the Key Features of Animals? | 459 | ||
| 24.2. Which Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points on the Animal Evolutionary Tree? | 459 | ||
| 24.3. What are the Major Animal Phyla? | 463 | ||
| 25. Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates | 486 | ||
| Case Study: Fish Story | 486 | ||
| 25.1. What are the Key Features of Chordates? | 487 | ||
| 25.2. Which Animals are Chordates? | 488 | ||
| 25.3. What are the Major Groups of Vertebrates? | 491 | ||
| Unit 4: Behavior and Ecology | 503 | ||
| 26. Animal Behavior | 504 | ||
| Case Study: Sex and Symmetry | 504 | ||
| 26.1. How does Behavior Arise? | 505 | ||
| 26.2. How do Animals Compete for Resources? | 510 | ||
| 26.3. How do Animals Behave when they Mate? | 512 | ||
| 26.4. How do Animals Communicate? | 514 | ||
| 26.5. What do Animals Communicate About? | 516 | ||
| 26.6. Why do Animals Play? | 520 | ||
| 26.7. What Kinds of Societies do Animals Form? | 521 | ||
| 26.8. Can Biology Explain Human Behavior? | 523 | ||
| 27. Population Growth and Regulation | 528 | ||
| Case Study: The Return of the Elephant Seals | 528 | ||
| 27.1. What is a Population and how does Population Size Change? | 529 | ||
| 27.2. How is Population Growth Regulated? | 531 | ||
| 27.3. How do Life History Strategies Differ Among Species? | 538 | ||
| 27.4. How are Organisms Distributed in Populations? | 540 | ||
| 27.5. How is the Human Population Changing? | 541 | ||
| 28. Community Interactions | 550 | ||
| Case Study: The Fox’s Tale | 550 | ||
| 28.1. Why are Community Interactions Important? | 551 | ||
| 28.2. How does the Ecological Niche Influence Competition? | 551 | ||
| 28.3. How do Consumer–Prey Interactions Shape Evolutionary Adaptations? | 555 | ||
| 28.4. How do Mutualisms Benefit Different Species? | 562 | ||
| 28.5. How do Keystone Species Influence Community Structure? | 562 | ||
| 28.6. How do Species Interactions Change Community Structure Over Time? | 563 | ||
| 29. Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems | 571 | ||
| Case Study: Dying Fish Feed an Ecosystem | 571 | ||
| 29.1. How do Nutrients and Energy Move Through Ecosystems? | 572 | ||
| 29.2. How does Energy Flow Through Ecosystems? | 572 | ||
| 29.3. How do Nutrients Cycle within and Among Ecosystems? | 577 | ||
| 29.4. What Happens when Humans Disrupt Nutrient Cycles? | 582 | ||
| 30. Earth’s Diverse Ecosystems | 592 | ||
| Case Study: Food of the Gods | 592 | ||
| 30.1. What Determines the Distribution of Life on Earth? | 593 | ||
| 30.2. What Factors Influence Earth’s Climate? | 593 | ||
| 30.3. What are the Principal Terrestrial Biomes? | 600 | ||
| 30.4. What are the Principal Aquatic Biomes? | 609 | ||
| 31. Conserving Earth’s Biodiversity | 621 | ||
| Case Study: The Wolves of Yellowstone | 621 | ||
| 31.1. What is Conservation Biology? | 622 | ||
| 31.2. Why is Biodiversity Important? | 622 | ||
| 31.3. Is Earth’s Biodiversity Diminishing? | 625 | ||
| 31.4. What are the Major Threats to Biodiversity? | 626 | ||
| 31.5. Why is Habitat Protection Necessary to Preserve Biodiversity? | 631 | ||
| 31.6. Why is Sustainability Essential for a Healthy Future? | 631 | ||
| Unit 5: Animal Anatomy and Physiology | 641 | ||
| 32. Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body | 642 | ||
| Case Study: Overheated | 642 | ||
| 32.1. Homeostasis: Why and how do Animals Regulate their Internal Environment? | 643 | ||
| 32.2. How is the Animal Body Organized? | 646 | ||
| 33. Circulation | 657 | ||
| Case Study: Living from Heart to Heart | 657 | ||
| 33.1. What are the Major Features and Functions of Circulatory Systems? | 658 | ||
| 33.2. How does the Vertebrate Heart Work? | 659 | ||
| 33.3. What is Blood? | 664 | ||
| 33.4. What are the Types and Functions of Blood Vessels? | 668 | ||
| 33.5. How does the Lymphatic System Work with the Circulatory System? | 673 | ||
| 34. Respiration | 678 | ||
| Case Study: Straining to Breathe—with High Stakes | 678 | ||
| 34.1. Why Exchange Gases and what are the Requirements for Gas Exchange? | 679 | ||
| 34.2. How do Respiratory Adaptations Minimize Diffusion Distances? | 679 | ||
| 34.3. How is Air Conducted Through the Human Respiratory System? | 685 | ||
| 34.4. How does Gas Exchange Occur in the Human Respiratory System? | 689 | ||
| 35. Nutrition and Digestion | 694 | ||
| Case Study: Dying to Be Thin | 694 | ||
| 35.1. What Nutrients do Animals Need? | 695 | ||
| 35.2. How does Digestion Occur? | 700 | ||
| 35.3. How do Humans Digest Food? | 704 | ||
| 36. The Urinary System | 715 | ||
| Case Study: Paying it Forward | 715 | ||
| 36.1. What are the Major Functions of Urinary Systems? | 716 | ||
| 36.2. What are Some Examples of Invertebrate Urinary Systems? | 717 | ||
| 36.3. What are the Structures of the Mammalian Urinary System? | 718 | ||
| 36.4. How is Urine Formed? | 720 | ||
| 36.5. How do Vertebrate Urinary Systems Help Maintain Homeostasis? | 721 | ||
| 37. Defenses Against Disease | 731 | ||
| Case Study: Flesh-Eating Bacteria | 731 | ||
| 37.1. How does the Body Defend itself Against Disease? | 732 | ||
| 37.2. How do Nonspecific Defenses Function? | 733 | ||
| 37.3. What are the Key Components of the Adaptive Immune System? | 736 | ||
| 37.4. How does the Adaptive Immune System Recognize Invaders? | 737 | ||
| 37.5. How does the Adaptive Immune System Attack Invaders? | 740 | ||
| 37.6. How does the Adaptive Immune System Remember its Past Victories? | 742 | ||
| 37.7. How does Medical Care Assist the Immune Response? | 744 | ||
| 37.8. What Happens when the Immune System Malfunctions? | 747 | ||
| 37.9. How does the Immune System Combat Cancer? | 749 | ||
| 38. Chemical Control of the Animal Body: The Endocrine System | 753 | ||
| Case Study: Insulin Resistance | 753 | ||
| 38.1. How do Animal Cells Communicate? | 754 | ||
| 38.2. How do Endocrine Hormones Produce their Effects? | 756 | ||
| 38.3. What are the Structures and Functions of the Mammalian Endocrine System? | 758 | ||
| 39. The Nervous System | 771 | ||
| Case Study: How Do I Love Thee? | 771 | ||
| 39.1. What are the Structures and Functions of Nerve Cells? | 772 | ||
| 39.2. How do Neurons Produce and Transmit Information? | 773 | ||
| 39.3. How does the Nervous System Process Information and Control Behavior? | 778 | ||
| 39.4. How are Nervous Systems Organized? | 780 | ||
| 39.5. What are the Structures and Functions of the Human Nervous System? | 781 | ||
| 40. The Senses | 796 | ||
| Case Study: Bionic Ears | 796 | ||
| 40.1. How do Animals Sense their Environment? | 797 | ||
| 40.2. How is Temperature Sensed? | 799 | ||
| 40.3. How are Mechanical Stimuli Detected? | 799 | ||
| 40.4. How is Sound Detected? | 800 | ||
| 40.5. How are Gravity and Movement Detected? | 802 | ||
| 40.6. How is Light Perceived? | 804 | ||
| 40.7. How are Chemicals Sensed? | 807 | ||
| 40.8. How is Pain Perceived? | 809 | ||
| 41. Action and Support: The Muscles and Skeleton | 812 | ||
| Case Study: Legs of Gold | 812 | ||
| 41.1. How do Muscles Contract? | 813 | ||
| 41.2. How do Cardiac and Smooth Muscles Differ from Skeletal Muscle? | 818 | ||
| 41.3. How do Muscles and Skeletons Work Together to Provide Movement? | 820 | ||
| 42. Animal Reproduction | 830 | ||
| Case Study: To Breed a Rhino | 830 | ||
| 42.1. How do Animals Reproduce? | 831 | ||
| 42.2. What are the Structures and Functions of Human Reproductive Systems? | 834 | ||
| 42.3. How can People Prevent Pregnancy? | 843 | ||
| 43. Animal Development | 851 | ||
| Case Study: Rerunning the Program of Development | 851 | ||
| 43.1. What are the Principles of Animal Development? | 852 | ||
| 43.2. How do Direct and Indirect Development Differ? | 852 | ||
| 43.3. How does Animal Development Proceed? | 853 | ||
| 43.4. How is Development Controlled? | 856 | ||
| 43.5. How do Humans Develop? | 858 | ||
| 43.6. Is Aging the Final Stage of Human Development? | 865 | ||
| Unit 6: Plant Anatomy and Physiology | 871 | ||
| 44. Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport | 872 | ||
| Case Study: Autumn in Vermont | 872 | ||
| 44.1. How are Plant Bodies Organized? | 873 | ||
| 44.2. How do Plants Grow? | 874 | ||
| 44.3. What are the Differentiated Tissues and Cell Types of Plants? | 876 | ||
| 44.4. What are the Structures and Functions of Leaves? | 879 | ||
| 44.5. What are the Structures and Functions of Stems? | 881 | ||
| 44.6. What are the Structures and Functions of Roots? | 884 | ||
| 44.7. How do Plants Acquire Nutrients? | 887 | ||
| 44.8. How do Plants Move Water and Minerals from Roots to Leaves? | 891 | ||
| 44.9. How do Plants Transport Sugars? | 895 | ||
| 45. Plant Reproduction and Development | 901 | ||
| Case Study: Some Like It Hot—and Stinky! | 901 | ||
| 45.1. How do Plants Reproduce? | 902 | ||
| 45.2 What are the Functions and Structures of Flowers? | 904 | ||
| 45.3. How do Fruits and Seeds Develop? | 908 | ||
| 45.4. How do Seeds Germinate and Grow? | 910 | ||
| 45.5. How do Plants and their Pollinators Interact? | 911 | ||
| 45.6. How do Fruits Help to Disperse Seeds? | 915 | ||
| 46. Plant Responses to the Environment | 921 | ||
| Case Study: Predatory Plants | 921 | ||
| 46.1. What are Some Major Plant Hormones? | 922 | ||
| 46.2. How do Hormones Regulate Plant Life Cycles? | 923 | ||
| 46.3. How do Plants Communicate, Defend Themselves, and Capture Prey? | 932 | ||
| Appendix I: Biological Vocabulary: Common Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes | 937 | ||
| Appendix II: Periodic Table of the Elements | 940 | ||
| Appendix III: Metric System Conversions | 941 | ||
| Appendix IV: Classification of Major Groups of Eukaryotic Organisms | 942 | ||
| Glossary | 943 | ||
| Answers to Think Critically, Evaluate This, Multiple Choice, and Fill-in-the-Blank Questions | 972 | ||
| Credits | 990 | ||
| Index | 994 |