Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics, Global Edition

Randall D. Knight

BOOK

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics, Global Edition

Randall D. Knight

(2016)

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Book Details

ISBN: 978-1-292-15743-6
Edition: 4
Language: English
Pages: 1328
Subjects

Abstract

For courses in introductory calculus-based physics.

A research-driven approach, fine-tuned for even greater ease-of-use and student success

For the Fourth Edition of Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Knight continues to build on strong research-based foundations with fine-tuned and streamlined content, hallmark features, and an even more robust MasteringPhysics program, taking student learning to a new level. By extending problem-solving guidance to include a greater emphasis on modeling and significantly revised and more challenging problem sets, students gain confidence and skills in problem solving. A modified Table of Contents and the addition of advanced topics now accommodate different teaching preferences and course structures.

MasteringPhysics^™ not included. Students, if MasteringPhysics is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MasteringPhysics should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.

MasteringPhysicsfrom Pearson is the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging students before, during, and after class with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content before class, and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning Catalytics.

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Cover	Cover
Front End Paper	FEP1
Title Page	1
Copyright Page	2
About the Author	3
Preface to the Instructor	8
Acknowledgments	10
Preface to the Student	13
Contents	15
Part I: Newton’s Laws	23
Overview: Why Things Change	23
Chapter 1: Concepts of Motion	24
1.1. Motion Diagrams	25
1.2. Models and Modeling	26
1.3. Position, Time, and Displacement	27
1.4. Velocity	31
1.5. Linear Acceleration	33
1.6. Motion in One Dimension	37
1.7. Solving Problems in Physics	40
1.8. Unit and Significant Figures	44
Summary	49
Questions and Problems	50
Chapter 2: Kinematics in One Dimension	54
2.1. Uniform Motion	55
2.2. Instantaneous Velocity	59
2.3. Finding Position from Velocity	62
2.4. Motion with Constant Acceleration	65
2.5. Free Fall	71
2.6. Motion on an Inclined Plane	73
2.7. Advanced Topic: Instantaneous Acceleration	76
Summary	79
Questions and Problems	80
Chapter 3: Vectors and Coordinate Systems	87
3.1. Scalars and Vectors	88
3.2. Using Vectors	88
3.3. Coordinate Systems and Vector Components	91
3.4. Unit Vectors and Vector Algebra	94
Summary	98
Questions and Problems	99
Chapter 4: Kinematics in Two Dimensions	102
4.1. Motion in Two Dimensions	103
4.2. Projectile Motion	107
4.3. Relative Motion	112
4.4. Uniform Circular Motion	114
4.5. Centripetal Acceleration	118
4.6. Nonuniform Circular Motion	120
Summary	125
Questions and Problems	126
Chapter 5: Force and Motion	132
5.1. Force	133
5.2. A Short Catalog of Forces	135
5.3. Identifying Forces	137
5.4. What Do Forces Do?	139
5.5. Newton’s Second Law	142
5.6. Newton’s First Law	143
5.7. Free-Body Diagrams	145
Summary	148
Questions and Problems	149
Chapter 6: Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line	153
6.1. The Equilibrium Model	154
6.2. Using Newton’s Second Law	156
6.3. Mass, Weight, and Gravity	159
6.4. Friction	163
6.5. Drag	167
6.6. More Examples of Newton’s Second Law	170
Summary	174
Questions and Problems	175
Chapter 7: Newton’s Third Law	181
7.1. Interacting Objects	182
7.2. Analyzing Interacting Objects	183
7.3. Newton’s Third Law	186
7.4. Ropes and Pulleys	191
7.5. Examples of Interacting-Object Problems	194
Summary	197
Questions and Problems	198
Chapter 8: Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane	204
8.1. Dynamics in Two Dimensions	205
8.2. Uniform Circular Motion	206
8.3. Circular Orbits	211
8.4. Reasoning About Circular Motion	213
8.5. Nonuniform Circular Motion	216
Summary	219
Questions and Problems	220
Knowledge Structure: Part I: Newton’s Laws	226
Part II: Conservation Laws	227
Overview: Why Some Things Don’t Change	227
Chapter 9: Work and Kinetic Energy	228
9.1. Energy Overview	229
9.2. Work and Kinetic Energy for a Single Particle	231
9.3. Calculating the Work Done	235
9.4. Restoring Forces and the Work Done by a Spring	241
9.5. Dissipative Forces and Thermal Energy	243
9.6. Power	246
Summary	248
Questions and Problems	249
Chapter 10: Interactions and Potential Energy	253
10.1. Potential Energy	254
10.2. Gravitational Potential Energy	255
10.3. Elastic Potential Energy	261
10.4. Conservation of Energy	264
10.5. Energy Diagrams	266
10.6. Force and Potential Energy	269
10.7. Conservative and Nonconservative Forces	271
10.8. The Energy Principle Revisited	273
Summary	276
Questions and Problems	277
Chapter 11: Impulse and Momentum	283
11.1. Momentum and Impulse	284
11.2. Conservation of Momentum	288
11.3. Collisions	294
11.4. Explosions	299
11.5. Momentum in Two Dimensions	301
11.6. Advanced Topic: Rocket Propulsion	303
Summary	307
Questions and Problems	308
Knowledge Structure: Part II: Conservation Laws	314
Part III: Applications of Newtonian Mechanics	315
Overview: Power Over Our Environment	315
Chapter 12: Rotation of a Rigid Body	316
12.1. Rotational Motion	317
12.2. Rotation About the Center of Mass	318
12.3. Rotational Energy	321
12.4. Calculating Moment of Inertia	323
12.5. Torque	325
12.6. Rotational Dynamics	329
12.7. Rotation About a Fixed Axis	331
12.8. Static Equilibrium	333
12.9. Rolling Motion	336
12.10. The Vector Description of Rotational Motion	339
12.11. Angular Momentum	342
12.12. Advanced Topic: Precession of a Gyroscope	346
Summary	350
Questions and Problems	351
Chapter 13: Newton’s Theory of Gravity	358
13.1. A Little History	359
13.2. Isaac Newton	360
13.3. Newton’s Law of Gravity	361
13.4. Little g and Big G	363
13.5. Gravitational Potential Energy	365
13.6. Satellite Orbits and Energies	369
Summary	374
Questions and Problems	375
Chapter 14: Fluids and Elasticity	379
14.1. Fluids	380
14.2. Pressure	381
14.3. Measuring and Using Pressure	387
14.4. Buoyancy	391
14.5. Fluid Dynamics	395
14.6. Elasticity	400
Summary	404
Questions and Problems	405
Knowledge Structure: Part III: Applications of Newtonian Mechanics	410
Part IV: Oscillations and Waves	411
Overview: The Wave Model	411
Chapter 15: Oscillations	412
15.1. Simple Harmonic Motion	413
15.2. SHM and Circular Motion	416
15.3. Energy in SHM	419
15.4. The Dynamics of SHM	421
15.5. Vertical Oscillations	424
15.6. The Pendulum	426
15.7. Damped Oscillations	430
15.8. Driven Oscillations and Resonance	433
Summary	435
Questions and Problems	437
Chapter 16: Traveling Waves	442
16.1. The Wave Model	443
16.2. One-Dimensional Waves	445
16.3. Sinusoidal Waves	448
16.4. Advanced Topic: The Wave Equation on a String	452
16.5. Sound and Light	456
16.6. Advanced Topic: The Wave Equation in a Fluid	460
16.7. Waves in Two and Three Dimensions	463
16.8. Power, Intensity, and Decibels	465
16.9. The Doppler Effect	467
Summary	471
Questions and Problems	472
Chapter 17: Superposition	477
17.1. The Principle of Superposition	478
17.2. Standing Waves	479
17.3. Standing Waves on a String	481
17.4. Standing Sound Waves and Musical Acoustics	485
17.5. Interference in One Dimension	489
17.6. The Mathematics of Interference	493
17.7. Interference in Two and Three Dimensions	496
17.8. Beats	499
Summary	503
Questions and Problems	504
Knowledge Structure: Part IV: Oscillations and Waves	510
Part V: Thermodynamics	511
Overview: It’s All About Energy	511
Chapter 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter	512
18.1. Solids, Liquids, and Gases	513
18.2. Atoms and Moles	514
18.3. Temperature	516
18.4. Thermal Expansion	518
18.5. Phase Changes	519
18.6. Ideal Gases	521
18.7. Ideal-Gas Processes	525
Summary	531
Questions and Problems	532
Chapter 19: Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics	537
19.1. It’s All About Energy	538
19.2. Work in Ideal-Gas Processes	539
19.3. Heat	543
19.4. The First Law of Thermodynamics	546
19.5. Thermal Properties of Matter	548
19.6. Calorimetry	551
19.7. The Specific Heats of Gases	553
19.8. Heat-Transfer Mechanisms	559
Summary	563
Questions and Problems	564
Chapter 20: The Micro/Macro Connection	570
20.1. Molecular Speeds and Collisions	571
20.2. Pressure in a Gas	572
20.3. Temperature	575
20.4. Thermal Energy and Specific Heat	577
20.5. Thermal Interactions and Heat	580
20.6. Irreversible Processes and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	583
Summary	587
Questions and Problems	588
Chapter 21: Heat Engines and Refrigerators	592
21.1. Turning Heat into Work	593
21.2. Heat Engines and Refrigerators	595
21.3. Ideal-Gas Heat Engines	600
21.4. Ideal-Gas Refrigerators	604
21.5. The Limits of Efficiency	606
21.6. The Carnot Cycle	609
Summary	614
Questions and Problems	616
Knowledge Structure: Part V: Thermodynamics	622
Part VI: Electricity and Magnetism	623
Overview: Forces and Fields	623
Chapter 22: Electric Charges and Forces	624
22.1. The Charge Model	625
22.2. Charge	628
22.3. Insulators and Conductors	630
22.4. Coulomb’s Law	634
22.5. The Electric Field	638
Summary	644
Questions and Problems	645
Chapter 23: The Electric Field	651
23.1. Electric Field Models	652
23.2. The Electric Field of Point Charges	652
23.3. The Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution	657
23.4. The Electric Fields of Rings, Disks, Planes, and Spheres	661
23.5. The Parallel-Plate Capacitor	665
23.6. Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field	667
23.7. Motion of a Dipole in an Electric Field	670
Summary	673
Questions and Problems	674
Chapter 24: Gauss’s Law	680
24.1. Symmetry	681
24.2. The Concept of Flux	683
24.3. Calculating Electric Flux	685
24.4. Gauss’s Law	691
24.5. Using Gauss’s Law	694
24.6. Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium	698
Summary	702
Questions and Problems	703
Chapter 25: The Electric Potential	709
25.1. Electric Potential Energy	710
25.2. The Potential Energy of Point Charges	713
25.3. The Potential Energy of a Dipole	716
25.4. The Electric Potential	717
25.5. The Electric Potential Inside a Parallel- Plate Capacitor	720
25.6. The Electric Potential of a Point Charge	724
25.7. The Electric Potential of Many Charges	726
Summary	729
Questions and Problems	730
Chapter 26: Potential and Field	736
26.1. Connecting Potential and Field	737
26.2. Finding the Electric Field from the Potential	739
26.3. A Conductor in Electrostatic Equilibrium	742
26.4. Sources of Electric Potential	744
26.5. Capacitance and Capacitors	746
26.6. The Energy Stored in a Capacitor	751
26.7. Dielectrics	752
Summary	757
Questions and Problems	758
Chapter 27: Current and Resistance	764
27.1. The Electron Current	765
27.2. Creating a Current	767
27.3. Current and Current Density	771
27.4. Conductivity and Resistivity	775
27.5. Resistance and Ohm’s Law	777
Summary	782
Questions and Problems	783
Chapter 28: Fundamentals of Circuits	788
28.1. Circuit Elements and Diagrams	789
28.2. Kirchhoff’s Laws and the Basic Circuit	790
28.3. Energy and Power	793
28.4. Series Resistors	795
28.5. Real Batteries	797
28.6. Parallel Resistors	799
28.7. Resistor Circuits	802
28.8. Getting Grounded	804
28.9. RC Circuits	806
Summary	810
Questions and Problems	811
Chapter 29: The Magnetic Field	818
29.1. Magnetism	819
29.2. The Discovery of the Magnetic Field	820
29.3. The Source of the Magnetic Field: Moving Charges	822
29.4. The Magnetic Field of a Current	824
29.5. Magnetic Dipoles	828
29.6. Ampère’s Law and Solenoids	831
29.7. The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge	837
29.8. Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Wires	842
29.9. Forces and Torques on Current Loops	845
29.10. Magnetic Properties of Matter	846
Summary	850
Questions and Problems	851
Chapter 30. Electromagnetic Induction	858
30.1. Induced Currents	859
30.2. Motional emf	860
30.3. Magnetic Flux	864
30.4. Lenz’s Law	867
30.5. Faraday’s Law	870
30.6. Induced Fields	874
30.7. Induced Currents: Three Applications	877
30.8. Inductors	879
30.9. LC Circuits	883
30.10. LR Circuits	885
Summary	889
Questions and Problems	890
Chapter 31: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves	898
31.1. E or B? It Depends on Your Perspective	899
31.2. The Field Laws Thus Far	904
31.3. The Displacement Current	905
31.4. Maxwell’s Equations	908
31.5. Advanced Topic: Electromagnetic Waves	910
31.6. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves	915
31.7. Polarization	918
Summary	921
Questions and Problems	922
Chapter 32: AC Circuits	927
32.1. AC Sources and Phasors	928
32.2. Capacitor Circuits	930
32.3. RC Filter Circuits	932
32.4. Inductor Circuits	935
32.5. The Series RLC Circuit	936
32.6. Power in AC Circuits	940
Summary	944
Questions and Problems	945
Knowledge Structure: Part VI: Electricity and Magnetism	950
Part VII: Optics	951
Overview: The Story of Light	951
Chapter 33: Wave Optics	952
33.1. Models of Light	953
33.2. The Interference of Light	954
33.3. The Diffraction Grating	959
33.4. Single-Slit Diffraction	962
33.5. Advanced Topic: A Closer Look at Diffraction	966
33.6. Circular-Aperture Diffraction	969
33.7. The Wave Model of Light	970
33.8. Interferometers	972
Summary	975
Questions and Problems	976
Chapter 34: Ray Optics	982
34.1. The Ray Model of Light	983
34.2. Reflection	985
34.3. Refraction	988
34.4. Image Formation by Refraction at a Plane Surface	993
34.5. Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing	994
34.6. Thin Lenses: Refraction Theory	1000
34.7. Image Formation with Spherical Mirrors	1005
Summary	1010
Questions and Problems	1011
Chapter 35: Optical Instruments	1017
35.1. Lenses in Combination	1018
35.2. The Camera	1019
35.3. Vision	1023
35.4. Optical Systems That Magnify	1026
35.5. Color and Dispersion	1030
35.6. The Resolution of Optical Instruments	1032
Summary	1037
Questions and Problems	1038
Knowledge Structure: Part VII: Optics	1042
Part VIII: Relativity and Quantum Physics	1043
Overview: Contemporary Physics	1043
Chapter 36: Relativity	1044
36.1. Relativity: What’s It All About?	1045
36.2. Galilean Relativity	1045
36.3. Einstein’s Principle of Relativity	1048
36.4. Events and Measurements	1051
36.5. The Relativity of Simultaneity	1054
36.6. Time Dilation	1057
36.7. Length Contraction	1061
36.8. The Lorentz Transformations	1065
36.9. Relativistic Momentum	1070
36.10. Relativistic Energy	1073
Summary	1079
Questions and Problems	1080
Chapter 37: The Foundations of Modern Physics	1085
37.1. Matter and Light	1086
37.2. The Emission and Absorption of Light	1086
37.3. Cathode Rays and X Rays	1089
37.4. The Discovery of the Electron	1091
37.5. The Fundamental Unit of Charge	1094
37.6. The Discovery of the Nucleus	1095
37.7. Into the Nucleus	1099
37.8. Classical Physics at the Limit	1101
Summary	1102
Questions and Problems	1103
Chapter 38: Quantization	1107
38.1. The Photoelectric Effect	1108
38.2. Einstein’s Explanation	1111
38.3. Photons	1114
38.4. Matter Waves and Energy Quantization	1118
38.5. Bohr’s Model of Atomic Quantization	1121
38.6. The Bohr Hydrogen Atom	1125
38.7. The Hydrogen Spectrum	1130
Summary	1134
Questions and Problems	1135
Chapter 39: Wave Functions and Uncertainty	1140
39.1. Waves, Particles, and the Double-Slit Experiment	1141
39.2. Connecting the Wave and Photon Views	1144
39.3. The Wave Function	1146
39.4. Normalization	1148
39.5. Wave Packets	1150
39.6. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle	1153
Summary	1157
Questions and Problems	1158
Chapter 40: One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics	1163
40.1. The Schrödinger Equation	1164
40.2. Solving the Schrödinger Equation	1167
40.3. A Particle in a Rigid Box: Energies and Wave Functions	1169
40.4. A Particle in a Rigid Box: Interpreting the Solution	1172
40.5. The Correspondence Principle	1175
40.6. Finite Potential Wells	1177
40.7. Wave-Function Shapes	1182
40.8. The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator	1184
40.9. More Quantum Models	1187
40.10. Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling	1190
Summary	1195
Questions and Problems	1196
Chapter 41: Atomic Physics	1200
41.1. The Hydrogen Atom: Angular Momentum and Energy	1201
41.2. The Hydrogen Atom: Wave Functions and Probabilities	1204
41.3. The Electron’s Spin	1207
41.4. Multielectron Atoms	1209
41.5. The Periodic Table of the Elements	1212
41.6. Excited States and Spectra	1215
41.7. Lifetimes of Excited States	1220
41.8. Stimulated Emission and Lasers	1222
Summary	1227
Questions and Problems	1228
Chapter 42: Nuclear Physics	1232
42.1. Nuclear Structure	1233
42.2. Nuclear Stability	1236
42.3. The Strong Force	1239
42.4. The Shell Model	1240
42.5. Radiation and Radioactivity	1242
42.6. Nuclear Decay Mechanisms	1247
42.7. Biological Applications of Nuclear Physics	1252
Summary	1256
Questions and Problems	1257
Knowledge Structure: Part VIII: Relativity and Quantum Physics	1262
Appendix A: Mathematics Review	A-1
Appendix B: Periodic Table of Elements	A-4
Appendix C: Atomic and Nuclear Data	A-5
Answers to Stop to Think Questions and Odd-Numbered Problems	A-9
Credits	C-1
Index	I-1
Back End Paper	BEP1
Back Cover	Back Cover

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics, Global Edition

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