BOOK
Burn Resuscitation, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics, E-Book
Kevin N. Foster | Daniel M. Caruso
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Critical Care Clinics focuses on Burn Resuscitation in the ICU. Articles include: The Physiologic Basis of Burn Shock and the Need for Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation; The Use of Colloid in Burn Resuscitation; Monitoring and Endpoints of Burn Resuscitation; Vitamin C in Burn Resuscitation; Pediatric Burn Resuscitation; Burn resuscitation in the Austere Environment; Failed Burn resuscitation; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Burn Resuscitation | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword\r | vii | ||
| Preface: Fluid Resuscitation in Burn Patients: Current Care and New Frontiers\r | vii | ||
| Introduction: Burn Resuscitation\r | vii | ||
| The Physiologic Basis of Burn Shock and the Need for Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation\r | vii | ||
| Colloids in Acute Burn Resuscitation\r | vii | ||
| Monitoring End Points of Burn Resuscitation\r | vii | ||
| Vitamin C in Burn Resuscitation\r | viii | ||
| Pediatric Burn Resuscitation\r | viii | ||
| Burn Resuscitation in the Austere Environment\r | viii | ||
| How to Recognize a Failed Burn Resuscitation\r | viii | ||
| Complicated Burn Resuscitation\r | ix | ||
| Fluid Creep and Over-resuscitation\r | ix | ||
| Protocolized Resuscitation of Burn Patients\r | ix | ||
| Future Therapies in Burn Resuscitation\r | ix | ||
| CRITICAL CARE CLINICS | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| January 2017 | xi | ||
| April 2017 | xi | ||
| July 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| July 2016 | xi | ||
| April 2016 | xi | ||
| January 2016 | xi | ||
| Foreword | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rFluid Resuscitation in Burn Patients: Current Care and New Frontiers | xv | ||
| Introduction: Burn Resuscitation | 489 | ||
| The Physiologic Basis of Burn Shock and the Need for Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation | 491 | ||
| Key points | 491 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 491 | ||
| PROGRESSION OF BURN SHOCK AND MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION | 492 | ||
| BURN EDEMA AND HYPOVOLEMIA | 492 | ||
| MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION AFTER BURN INJURY | 496 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND MEDIATORS OF BURN INJURY | 498 | ||
| Nitric Oxide | 499 | ||
| Oxidative Stress | 499 | ||
| Histamine | 500 | ||
| Coagulation Cascade | 500 | ||
| PREVENTION OF BURN SHOCK | 501 | ||
| REFERENCES | 501 | ||
| Colloids in Acute Burn Resuscitation | 507 | ||
| Key points | 507 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 507 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 508 | ||
| RELEVANT PHYSIOLOGY RELATED TO COLLOID RESUSCITATION | 510 | ||
| Normal Physiology and Starling Forces | 510 | ||
| Disrupted Physiology After Burns | 511 | ||
| CLINICAL RESUSCITATION WITH COLLOIDS | 512 | ||
| Colloid Composition | 512 | ||
| Nonprotein semisynthetic colloids | 512 | ||
| Hydroxyethyl starch solutions | 512 | ||
| Gelatins | 513 | ||
| Dextrans | 513 | ||
| Protein colloids | 513 | ||
| Fresh frozen plasma | 513 | ||
| Albumin | 514 | ||
| Colloid Timing and Dose | 515 | ||
| Immediate dedicated colloid use | 517 | ||
| Later responsive use of colloids | 518 | ||
| SUMMARY | 519 | ||
| REFERENCES | 519 | ||
| Monitoring End Points of Burn Resuscitation | 525 | ||
| Key points | 525 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 525 | ||
| Shock and Burn Shock | 525 | ||
| Goals of Burn Resuscitation and Monitoring | 526 | ||
| END POINTS OF BURN RESUSCITATION | 526 | ||
| First-Line Monitoring | 526 | ||
| HEMODYNAMIC END POINTS OF RESUSCITATION | 527 | ||
| Goal-Directed Therapy | 527 | ||
| Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation/Central Venous Oxygen Saturation | 528 | ||
| Arterial Waveform Pulse Analysis | 528 | ||
| Echocardiography | 529 | ||
| PERFUSION MARKERS | 530 | ||
| Lactate | 530 | ||
| Base Deficit | 530 | ||
| Near-Infrared Spectroscopy | 531 | ||
| Gastric Tonometry | 531 | ||
| Sublingual Capnometry | 532 | ||
| SUMMARY | 532 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 532 | ||
| REFERENCES | 532 | ||
| Vitamin C in Burn Resuscitation | 539 | ||
| Key points | 539 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 539 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY | 540 | ||
| ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY | 540 | ||
| VITAMIN C | 541 | ||
| VITAMIN C: PRECLINICAL BURN STUDIES | 541 | ||
| VITAMIN C: CLINICAL BURN STUDIES | 541 | ||
| VITAMIN C: MECHANISMS OF ACTION IN BURN INJURY | 543 | ||
| VITAMIN C: SIDE EFFECTS | 543 | ||
| VITAMIN C: DOSING | 543 | ||
| SUMMARY | 544 | ||
| REFERENCES | 544 | ||
| Pediatric Burn Resuscitation | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 547 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OR OVERVIEW | 548 | ||
| Differences Between Children and Adults | 548 | ||
| Airway | 548 | ||
| Breathing | 548 | ||
| Circulation | 548 | ||
| Neurologic | 549 | ||
| Skin | 549 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 550 | ||
| History | 550 | ||
| Physical examination | 550 | ||
| Initial Resuscitation | 550 | ||
| Airway | 550 | ||
| Breathing | 551 | ||
| Circulatory status | 551 | ||
| Wound assessment | 552 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 553 | ||
| Airway | 553 | ||
| Breathing | 553 | ||
| Circulation | 553 | ||
| Neurologic | 553 | ||
| Wound | 554 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 554 | ||
| Nutrition | 554 | ||
| Physical and Occupational Therapy | 554 | ||
| Child Life and Distraction Therapies | 554 | ||
| COMBINATION THERAPIES | 555 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 555 | ||
| Escharotomy | 555 | ||
| Early Excision | 555 | ||
| TREATMENT RESISTANCE OR COMPLICATIONS | 556 | ||
| Airway | 556 | ||
| Breathing | 556 | ||
| Circulation | 556 | ||
| Neurologic | 556 | ||
| Wound Infection or Poorly Healing Wounds | 557 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 557 | ||
| SUMMARY | 557 | ||
| REFERENCES | 558 | ||
| Burn Resuscitation in the Austere Environment | 561 | ||
| Key points | 561 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 561 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 562 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 563 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 564 | ||
| SUMMARY | 564 | ||
| REFERENCES | 564 | ||
| How to Recognize a Failed Burn Resuscitation | 567 | ||
| Key points | 567 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 567 | ||
| RECOGNIZING A FAILED BURN RESUSCITATION | 568 | ||
| EARLY FAILURE OF RESUSCITATION | 569 | ||
| IN-RESUSCITATION FAILURE | 570 | ||
| LATE FAILURE OF RESUSCITATION | 571 | ||
| TRANSITIONING GOALS OF CARE | 573 | ||
| SUMMARY | 573 | ||
| REFERENCES | 573 | ||
| Complicated Burn Resuscitation | 577 | ||
| Key points | 577 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 577 | ||
| HEART FAILURE | 577 | ||
| RENAL FAILURE | 579 | ||
| CIRRHOSIS | 581 | ||
| ELECTRICAL INJURY | 582 | ||
| INHALATION INJURY | 583 | ||
| SUMMARY | 584 | ||
| REFERENCES | 584 | ||
| Fluid Creep and Over-resuscitation | 587 | ||
| Key points | 587 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 587 | ||
| HISTORICAL CONTEXT | 588 | ||
| FLUID CREEP BEGINS | 588 | ||
| Fluid Creep: The New Normal? | 588 | ||
| How Much Is Too Much? | 591 | ||
| Causes of Fluid Creep: Fluid Begets Fluid | 592 | ||
| MANAGING FLUID CREEP | 593 | ||
| Develop a Protocol | 593 | ||
| Start Small | 594 | ||
| Follow the Curve | 594 | ||
| Consider Colloid | 594 | ||
| Other Rescue Strategies | 594 | ||
| Hypertonic saline | 594 | ||
| High-dose ascorbic acid | 595 | ||
| SUMMARY | 595 | ||
| REFERENCES | 595 | ||
| Protocolized Resuscitation of Burn Patients | 599 | ||
| Key points | 599 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 599 | ||
| PROTOCOLIZED BURN RESUSCITATION | 601 | ||
| COMPUTERIZED BURN RESUSCITATION | 602 | ||
| COMPUTERIZED DECISION SUPPORT: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE | 606 | ||
| SUMMARY | 608 | ||
| REFERENCES | 608 | ||
| Future Therapies in Burn Resuscitation | 611 | ||
| Key points | 611 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 611 | ||
| RESUSCITATIVE FLUIDS | 612 | ||
| RESUSCITATION VOLUMES | 613 | ||
| APPROACHES TO MONITORING | 614 | ||
| THE HYPERMETABOLIC STATE | 615 | ||
| SUMMARY | 616 | ||
| REFERENCES | 616 | ||
| Index | 621 |