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Undergraduate Manual of Clinical Cases in Paediatrics - E-book

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Undergraduate Manual of Clinical Cases in Paediatrics - E-book

Harish Pemde | Vikram Datta

(2016)

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Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-81-312-4525-5
Edition
Language
English
Pages
341
Subjects
Paediatric medicine
Materials science

Abstract

Working up a ‘case’ for presentation to the examiner is an integral part of clinical learning. Case presentations give opportunity for applying the knowledge of diseases and the clinical skills for evaluation and management of a patient. This practical application (of theory and clinical skills) is tested in practical examination in clinical subjects like paediatrics. This book helps enabling the logical application of theoretical knowledge and clinical skills in real life situations.

  • This book contains details of several real cases, which are common in this part of the world.
  • Each case provides description in a standard format and answers to the questions commonly asked at various stages of case presentation.
  • Important points for communication with parents/patients are given in every case, which will help in developing communication and counseling skills related to a particular disease or condition.
  • It prepares the reader for other components of practical examination in paediatrics, including x-rays, instruments, laboratory reports, and drugs.
  • Annexure includes almost all charts required for clinical workup of a paediatric patient.
  • Very special feature are case related videos on various topics, MCQs, whiteboard lectures on clinical approach to common conditions.
  • In addition, this book comes with complimentary access to enhanced e-book.

    • Table of Contents

    Section Title Page Action Price
    Cover Cover
    Dedication ii
    Title Page iii
    Copyright Page iv
    Preface v
    Acknowledgements vii
    Contents ix
    Section 1 - Introduction Topractical Examinationin Paediatrics 1
    Chapter 1 - Approach to History Taking in Children 3
    Eliciting history 4
    Making Interview Fruitful 4
    Initial History 4
    Objectives of History Taking 4
    Listing the Chief Complaints 4
    History of Present Illness 4
    History of Past Illness/Past History 5
    Negative History 5
    Family and Psychosocial History 5
    Pre-Natal, Natal, and Post-Natal History 5
    Feeding History and Dietary History 5
    Growth and Development History 6
    Immunisation 6
    Environmental History 6
    Note 6
    Summarising the History 6
    Physical examination 6
    Dealing with an adolescent 6
    Chapter 2 - Approach to History Taking in Neonates 11
    Learning Objectives 11
    Introduction 11
    Parts of a neonatal history 11
    History of Presenting Illness 12
    Antenatal History 12
    Perinatal History 13
    Dietary History 13
    Family History 13
    Immunisation History 13
    Socio-Economic History 13
    Conclusions 13
    Chapter 3 - Communication Strategies While Dealing With Parents and Paediatrics Patients 15
    Learning Objectives 15
    Introduction 15
    Barriers to effective communication 15
    Language 15
    Use of Jargon 16
    Stress of Hospitalisation 16
    Stress of Examination 16
    Why communication is important 16
    How to ensure effective communications 16
    General guidelines for an effective communication during history taking 17
    Dont’s in effective communication 17
    Chapter 4 - Assessments and Examinations of Undergraduate Students in Paediatrics 19
    Learning Objectives 19
    Competencies in Paediatrics 20
    Assessments in Paediatrics 20
    Purpose of assessments 20
    Types of assessments 20
    Assessment of a medical student 21
    Assessment of clinical skills 21
    Case Presentations 21
    Objective Structured Clinical Examination 21
    Viva-Voce Examination 22
    Pattern of university examination in Paediatrics 22
    Section 2 - Clinical Cases 25
    Part I - Common Cases in Children 27
    Chapter 5 - Severe Acute Malnutrition 29
    Learning Objectives 29
    Discussion 35
    Classifications of malnutrition 35
    Chapter 6 - Child With Fever (Enteric/Malaria/Kala Azar) 39
    Learning Objectives 39
    Discussion 44
    Chapter 7 - Pneumonia (Respiratory Diseases) 47
    Learning Objectives 47
    Discussion 53
    Classification and treatment of pneumonia 53
    Chapter 8 - Wheezing Disorder and Asthma 57
    Learning Objectives 57
    Discussion 64
    Chapter 9 - Congenital Heart Disease 67
    Learning Objectives 67
    Discussion 73
    Chapter 10 - Cerebral Palsy 75
    Learning Objectives 75
    Discussion 82
    Chapter 11 - Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 85
    Learning Objectives 85
    Discussion 90
    Chapter 12 - Hepatomegaly/Hepatosplenomegaly/Splenomegaly 93
    Learning Objectives 93
    Discussion 99
    Chapter 13 - Meningitis and Tuberculous Meningitis 101
    Learning Objectives 101
    Discussion 107
    Chapter 14 - Haemiplegia/Paraplegia/Quadriplegia 109
    Learning Objectives 109
    Discussion 116
    Levels of lesions in paralysis 116
    Haemiplegia 116
    Paraplegia 116
    Chapter 15 - Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephritis) 119
    Learning Objectives 119
    Discussion 124
    Laboratory and radiologic evaluation of patient with glomerular or extra-glomerular haematuria 125
    Chapter 16 - Severe Anaemia 129
    Learning Objectives 129
    Discussion 134
    Chapter 17 - Leukaemia/Lymphoma 137
    Learning Objectives 137
    Discussion 142
    Chapter 18 - Down Syndrome 145
    Learning Objectives 145
    Discussion 150
    Chapter 19 - Tuberculosis 153
    Learning Objectives 153
    Discussion 159
    Part II - Common Cases of Neonates 161
    Chapter 20 - Approach to a Normal Neonate 163
    Learning Objectives 163
    Additional learning points 172
    Chapter 21 - Low Birth Weight Neonate 173
    Learning Objectives 173
    Chapter 22 - Neonatal Jaundice 183
    Learning Objectives 183
    Discussion 194
    Chapter 23 - Neonatal Sepsis 195
    Learning Objectives 195
    Discussion 202
    Chapter 24 - Respiratory Distress in Newborn 203
    Learning Objectives 203
    Chapter 25 - Birth Asphyxia 211
    Learning Objectives 211
    Section 3 - Viva-Voce Examinationin Paediatrics 219
    Chapter 26 - Common X-Rays 221
    Learning Objectives 221
    Introduction 221
    Lateral chest X-ray film 223
    Typical description of a chest X-ray 223
    Method to measure proportional heart size 224
    Chapter 27 - Common Laboratory Tests 235
    Learning Objectives 235
    Introduction 235
    Chapter 28 - Common Instruments 243
    Learning objectives 243
    Chapter 29 - Equipment for Resuscitation 251
    Learning Objectives 251
    Chapter 30 - Common Drugs 259
    Learning Objectives 259
    Introduction 259
    Chapter 31 - Common Food Items 283
    Learning Objectives 283
    Introduction 283
    Common food items 284
    Protein value of some food items 285
    Holliday and Segar formula for calculation of daily energy requirements 285
    Recommended dietary allowances for Indian children and adolescents 285
    Annexure 1 - Clinical Aids 287
    Annexure 1.1: - New Ballard Score 288
    Annexure 1.2: - NRP Algorithm (Govt. of India) 289
    Annexure 1.3: - Nomogram for Risk Assessment of Hyperbilirubinemia 290
    Annexure 1.4: - Fenton Pre-Term Growth Chart 291
    Annexure 1.5: - Haematology Values During Infancy and Childhood 293
    Annexure 1.6: - Window of Achievement for 6 Gross Motor Milestones (WHO Growth Study 2007) 293
    Annexure 1.7: - Approximate Caloric Values of Indian Food Items 294
    Annexure 1.8: - Blood Pressure Charts 296
    Annexure 1.9a: - Blood Pressure For Stature (Height) Charts – Boys 300
    Annexure 1.9b: - Blood Pressure for Stature (Height) Charts – Girls 301
    Annexure 2 - Growth Charts 303
    Annexure 2.1: - Height-for-Age Boys [2–5 Years (Percentiles)] 304
    Annexure 2.2: - Height-for-Age Boys [2–5 Years (Z-Scores)] 304
    Annexure 2.3: - Height-for-Age Girls [2–5 Years (Percentiles)] 305
    Annexure 2.4: - Height-for-Age Girls [2–5 Years (Z-Scores)] 305
    Annexure 2.5: - Length-for-Age Boys [Birth to 2 Years (Percentiles)] 306
    Annexure 2.6: - Length-for-Age Boys [Birth to 6 Months (Percentiles)] 306
    Annexure 2.7: - Length-for-Age Boys [6 Months to 2 Years (Percentiles)] 307
    Annexure 2.8: - Length-for-Age Boys [Birth to 2 Years (Z-Scores)] 307
    Annexure 2.9: - Length-for-Age Boys [Birth to 6 Months (Z-Scores)] 308
    Annexure 2.10: - Length-for-Age Boys [6 Months to 2 Years (Z-Scores)] 308
    Annexure 2.11: - Length-for-Age Girls [Birth to 2 Years (Percentiles)] 309
    Annexure 2.12: - Length-for-Age Girls [Birth to 6 Months (Percentiles)] 309
    Annexure 2.13: - Length-for-Age Girls [6 Months to 2 Years (Percentiles)] 310
    Annexure 2.14: - Length-for-Age Girls [Birth to 2 Years (Z-Scores)] 310
    Annexure 2.15: - Length-for-Age Girls [Birth to 6 Months (Z-Scores)] 311
    Annexure 2.16: - Length-for-Age Girls [6 Months to 2 Years (Z-Scores)] 311
    Annexure 2.17: - Length/Height-for-Age Boys [Birth to 5 Years (Percentiles)] 312
    Annexure 2.18: - Length/Height-for-Age Boys [Birth to 5 Years (Z-Scores)] 312
    Annexure 2.19: - Length/Height-for-Age Girls [Birth to 5 Years (Percentiles)] 313
    Annexure 2.20: - Length/Height-for-Age Girls [Birth to 5 Years (Z-Scores)] 313
    Annexure 2.21: - Weight-for-Age Boys [5–10 Years (Percentiles)] 314
    Annexure 2.22: - Weight-for-Age Boys [5–10 Years (Z-Scores)] 314
    Annexure 2.23: - Weight-for-Age Girls [5–10 Years (Percentiles)] 315
    Annexure 2.24: - Weight-for-Age Girls [5–10 Years (Z-Scores)] 315
    Annexure 2.25: - Weight-for-Length References (Length < 87 cm) 316
    Annexure 2.26: - Weight-for-Height References (Height ≥ 87 cm) 317
    Annexure 2.27: - Arm Circumference-for-Age Boys [3 Months to 5 Years (Percentiles)] 318
    Annexure 2.28: - Arm Circumference-for-Age Boys [3 Months to 5 Years (Z-Scores)] 318
    Annexure 2.29: - Arm Circumference-for-Age Girls [3 Months to 5 Years (Percentiles)] 319
    Annexure 2.30: - Arm Circumference-for-Age Girls [3 Months to 5 Years (Z-Scores)] 319
    Annexure 2.31: - Head Circumference-for-Age Boys [Birth to 5 Years (Percentiles)] 320
    Annexure 2.32: - Head Circumference-for-Age Boys [Birth to 5 Years (Z-Scores)] 320
    Annexure 2.33: - Head Circumference-for-Age Girls [Birth to 5 Years (Percentiles)] 321
    Annexure 2.34: - Head Circumference-for-Age Girls [Birth to 5 Years (Z-Scores)] 321
    Annexure 2.35: - BMI-for-Age Boys [5–19 Years (Percentiles)] 322
    Annexure 2.36: - BMI-for-Age Boys [5–19 Years (Z-Scores)] 322
    Annexure 2.37: - BMI-for-Age Girls [5–19 Years (Percentiles)] 323
    Annexure 2.38: - BMI-for-Age Girls [5–19 Years (Z-Scores)] 323
    Annexure 2.39: - WHO Boys Length/Height, Weight and Head Circumference Charts (0–5 Years) 324
    Annexure 2.40: - WHO Girls Length/Height, Weight and Head Circumference Charts (0–5 Years) 325
    Annexure 2.41: - IAP Boys Height and Weight Charts (5–18 Years) 326
    Annexure 2.42: - IAP Girls Height and Weight Charts (5–18 Years) 327
    Annexure 2.43: - IAP Boys Body Mass Index Charts (5–18 Years) 328
    Annexure 2.44: - IAP Girls Body Mass Index Charts (5–18 Years) 329

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