BOOK
Juridification In Bioethics: Governance Of Human Pluripotent Cell Research
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
What is 'legal' about bioethics? What are the ideas and artefacts that bioethics encompasses, and how are they related to law? What is the role of law in bioethics? In this work, Calvin Ho attempts to address these questions in the context of the governance of human pluripotent stem cell research. In essence, he argues that the hybridization of law, through processes, devices and techniques of juridification, has helped to constitute bioethics as a public sphere and an emergent civic epistemology.Drawing on his multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork and on Actor-Network-Theory, Ho explains how the law has, through bioethics, contributed to the scientific and public understanding of human pluripotent stem cell research and its artefacts, particularly the embryo and human-animal combinations. Although the focus of his work is on bioethical developments in Singapore over a period of more than 15 years, parallel developments in key jurisdictions (especially the United States of America and the United Kingdom) and in international science policy are also evaluated. It is through appreciating how it has progressed that bioethics will be better able to engage with future challenges presented by advances in human embryo research and gene editing techniques, among others.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | xvii | ||
| Foreword | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| About the Author | xi | ||
| Abbreviations | xiii | ||
| 1 Juridification in Bioethics | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Why Study Juridification? | 1 | ||
| 1.2 What is Bioethics? | 8 | ||
| 1.3 Juridification in ELSIfication | 14 | ||
| 1.4 Bioethics as Governance | 22 | ||
| 1.5 Overview of Juridification in Bioethics | 31 | ||
| 2 Regulating Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research | 43 | ||
| 2.1 The Embryo Rendered Visible | 46 | ||
| 2.2 Unsettled Moral Status of an Embryo | 49 | ||
| 2.3 Regulatory Approach in the UK | 52 | ||
| 2.4 Drawing on Bioethics as a Deliberative Space | 56 | ||
| 2.5 From Pluripotency to Chimeras | 66 | ||
| 2.6 Chimeras and Hybrids as Regulatory Concerns | 70 | ||
| 2.7 Regulatory Framework in Singapore | 78 | ||
| 2.8 Pragmatism in Bioethics and in Law | 87 | ||
| 3 Comparison as Bioethical Practice | 91 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 91 | ||
| 3.2 Enabling Comparison through De-Juridification | 95 | ||
| 3.3 Translational Extension of the Normative Framework | 124 | ||
| 3.4 Positional Relationality in Comparative Tables | 128 | ||
| 3.5 Open-Endedness in Relational Solidarity | 135 | ||
| 3.6 Functionality in Open-endedness | 139 | ||
| 3.7 Similitude through Framing in Bioethics | 142 | ||
| 3.8 Overcoming Incommensurability | 146 | ||
| 3.9 Relationality in Comparative Tables as Policy Devices | 153 | ||
| 3.10 Comparison in Bioethics | 159 | ||
| 4 Scripting Bioethics from the Bottom Up | 163 | ||
| 4.1 Starting from the Top | 163 | ||
| 4.2 The National Academy of Sciences | 172 | ||
| 4.3 International Society for Stem Cell Research | 179 | ||
| 4.4 California Institute for Regenerative Medicine | 183 | ||
| 4.5 Academy of Medical Sciences | 188 | ||
| 4.6 Danish Council of Ethics | 192 | ||
| 4.7 European Union | 199 | ||
| 4.8 Synthesising an Approach | 205 | ||
| 4.9 Policy Construction of a Limited Anthropology | 208 | ||
| 4.10 Public Acceptability and the ‘Common Good’ | 217 | ||
| 4.11 Global Scripts on Hybrids and Chimeras | 223 | ||
| 4.12 Bioethical Accounts Scripted Upwards | 228 | ||
| 5 Chimeras and Hybrids as Regulatory Placeholders | 235 | ||
| 5.1 Constituting Chimeras and Hybrids | 235 | ||
| 5.2 Defining Human-Animal Combinations in Singapore | 240 | ||
| 5.3 Ethical Evaluation in the HA Consultation Paper | 248 | ||
| 5.4 Reactions from the Scientific Community | 253 | ||
| 5.5 Between Humans and Animals | 259 | ||
| 5.6 Categorisation and Classification | 268 | ||
| 5.7 Reaction of the Singaporean Public | 276 | ||
| 5.8 Contributory Developments in the UK | 279 | ||
| 5.9 Report on Human-Animal Combinations | 284 | ||
| 5.10 Chimeras and Hybrids as Regulatory Objects | 288 | ||
| 5.11 Metaphors that Arrest the Slide Downwards | 290 | ||
| 5.12 Metaphors as Placeholders | 294 | ||
| 5.13 Bioethical Instauration | 298 | ||
| 6 Risks in Bioethics | 303 | ||
| 6.1 Risks in the Visibility of Human Eggs | 303 | ||
| 6.2 Risks Object Identification and Issues Framing | 309 | ||
| 6.3 Genealogy of Risk | 315 | ||
| 6.3.1 Risks Objectification | 316 | ||
| 6.3.2 Are Objective Risks Real? | 318 | ||
| 6.3.3 A Matter of Individual Choice | 321 | ||
| 6.3.4 Getting the Communication Right | 322 | ||
| 6.3.5 Intermediating Risks in Egg Donation | 326 | ||
| 6.3.6 The ‘Remainder’ Problem | 330 | ||
| 6.4 Public Consultation on Egg Donation | 333 | ||
| 6.5 The Public Sphere | 340 | ||
| 6.6 Allocating Responsibilities | 348 | ||
| 7 An Emergent Civic Epistemology | 357 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 357 | ||
| 7.2 The BAC as a Pseudo-Juridical Entity | 362 | ||
| 7.2.1 Links to State and Juridical Institutions | 362 | ||
| 7.2.2 Legal Norms, Rationalities, Techniques and Language | 363 | ||
| 7.2.3 Juridical Forms | 364 | ||
| 7.2.4 Sociality | 366 | ||
| 7.2.5 Integration through Intermediation | 368 | ||
| 7.3 The State – Decentred but not Disinterested | 370 | ||
| 7.4 Risk and Precaution | 379 | ||
| 7.5 Anticipatory Knowledge and Governance | 391 | ||
| 7.6 Bioethics as Public Reason and an Emergent Civic Epistemology | 396 | ||
| Methodology: Ethnography and Actor-Network-Theory | 405 | ||
| Fieldwork and Ethnography | 405 | ||
| Organisations, Documents and Meetings | 421 | ||
| Actor-Network-Theory | 425 | ||
| Bibliography | 433 | ||
| Index | 473 |