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European Union As A Global Health Actor, The

European Union As A Global Health Actor, The

Emmerling Thea | Kickbusch Ilona | Told Michaela

(2016)

Additional Information

Abstract

This book provides a systematic collection of EU actors, EU policy and EU actions in global health. It answers key questions on governance of the EU and its policy processes. The book starts with an introduction to the EU as a global actor and continues to outline the historical development and the Treaty basis for health, including the Maastricht and Lisbon Treaties. It also discusses the Commission's global health communication and the subsequent Council Conclusions on global health. Both documents define EU values in global health and identify the future priorities for global health action in the EU. Four of the five priorities are then described from the perspective of a different country experience. The book also considers the opportunities for research and provides an overview of the political, legal and financial instruments available to the EU. It also explores the global health architecture and processes within which the EU is acting, namely at the WHO, in the different multilateral organizations, and in global public health international treaties and regulations. Finally, the book addresses the importance of policy coherence at a national level and provides critical viewpoint on the EU as a global health actor.The book will assist practitioners working in policy making and international negotiations affecting health, as well as students and researchers, to create a better understanding of the European Union, its role in global health, and the uniqueness and specificity of the EU as a global health actor. It provides an overview of how the EU can act in global health and outlines the intersections of health and other sectors, as well as the instruments available to the EU to act effectively at a global level. The collection of contributions in this form and from this health policy perspective are not yet found elsewhere on the market.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents v
List of Contributors vii
Chapter 1 The EU as a Global Actor 1
Introduction 1
Foreign Policy with the EU’s Actor Characteristics 2
The EU’s International Policies 6
The EU in International Diplomacy: Bilateral and Multilateral Relations 9
Bilateral Relations 10
Multilateral Relations 14
Conclusions and Broader Perspectives 16
References 18
Chapter 2 The Development of EU Health Policy: Treaty Basis, Health Acquis and History 21
The Treaty Basis\r 21
The Health-related Acquis Communautaire\r 32
The Public Health Programs 73
Institutional Developments 76
Commission 76
European Agencies 77
European Parliament 78
Council 79
Relations with Stakeholders 79
External Action and International Cooperation in Health 81
Outlook 87
References 88
Chapter 3 Why and How Did the EU Set a Policy in Global Health? 93
The Context 93
The Process 97
The Commission Communication 98
The Council Conclusions 102
Conclusion 103
Chapter 4 Trade and Health: A Healthy Relationship? The Place of Trade Policy in the EU’s Global Health Agenda 105
The Place of Trade Policy in the EU Global Health Strategy 107
Access to Medicines and Intellectual Property Rights 109
The Political Trade Policy Context for the EU Global Health Strategy 112
The EU’s Trade Policy Response to Improve Access to Medicines 115
EU Policy in Respect of Patent-Related TRIPS Flexibilities 115
Bilateral Trade Negotiations 119
Tiered Pricing 122
Conclusion 123
References 124
General References 128
Chapter 5 EU Global Health Priorities: Migration and Mobility 129
Introduction 129
The EU’s Role in Global Health: Migrants’ Health 131
EU Regulatory Framework, Strategies, and Action on Migrants’ Health 133
The EU’s Role in Global Health: Migration of Human Resources for Health 137
Mobility of Human Resources for Health Within the EU — Issues, Strategies and Policy Responses 138
Mobility of Human Resources for Health to and from the EU — Issues and Policy Responses 140
Progress Toward Better Management of Health Worker Mobility: Country Examples from the EU/EEA 143
Conclusion 144
References 145
Chapter 6 EU Global Health Priorities: Climate Change 149
Introduction 149
Climate Change as a Threat to Global Health 150
The EU at UNFCCC Climate Change Negotiations: Legal Basis 151
Global Health at UNFCCC COP Negotiations 153
The EU’s Role at the COP16 Negotiations 153
The EU’s Role at the COP17 Negotiations 157
The EU’s Role at Rio+20 159
Conclusion and Outlook 159
References 160
Chapter 7 Research, Development and Innovation for Global Health 167
Introduction: Scope of the Field 168
Global Health 168
Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) 169
Elements of the EU’s Role in RDI for Global Health 170
Policy Goals 171
EU Engagement in Global Health R&D Policies and Partnership Initiatives 172
UN debates and initiatives 172
Globally coordinated action on health R&D 176
EU Funding for Global Health R&D 179
Framework programs for research and technological development (FPs) 179
EU research framework programme 7 180
Support for R&D relevant to health in LMICs 183
Horizon 2020 (FP8) and Europe 2020 188
RDI for global health in EU development policy 189
Ethics, Regulatory and Legal Roles and RDI for Global Health 190
Clinical trials 190
Registration of drugs predominantly for use in LMICs 192
Key Challenges for Current European and Global R&D Policy 193
Content/Issue Challenges 194
Balancing the need for economic growth with equity concerns 194
Capacity building in LMICs; promoting health equity and sustainable development 194
Innovation policy and global public goods 195
Governance Challenges 195
Meeting the challenge of the multisectoral and multidisciplinary nature of global health 195
Stakeholder participation, transparency and accountability 196
New ethical challenges and gain-of-function research 196
Political/Implementation Challenges 197
Conclusion 197
References 198
Chapter 8 Humanitarian Aid, the Global Health Communication and the Council Conclusions on the EU Role in Global Health 215
Humanitarian Aid in the Global Health Communication and the Council Conclusions 216
The GHC and CC Elements related to Humanitarian Aid 219
Outlook: What is Ahead of Us? 221
References 222
Chapter 9 The Consideration of Health in EU Financial Programmes 225
The EU Budget and Financial Perspectives 226
Specific Health Programme and Mainstreaming of Health Activities 228
Mainstreaming Health — Financial Instruments for Internal Policies 231
Mainstreaming Health — Financial Instruments for External Policies 234
How Much Money for Health in the EU Budgets for 2014–2020? 244
Conclusion 249
Chapter 10 Law and the EU Role in Global Health Strategies: The Case of the FCTC 251
The FCTC 251
The EU and the FCTC 252
The Dynamics of the Decision-Making Processes to Define the EU Negotiation Positions 255
Approval or Ratification and FCTC Implementation in the EU 258
The FCTC Protocol on Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products 261
The FCTC as a Success Story 263
Conclusion 264
References 265
Chapter 11 The EU’s Role in the International Health Regulations and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework Agreement 269
Introduction 269
Background and Brief Description of the Two Global Health Security Instruments 270
The International Health Regulations 270
The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework Agreement 272
The EU Role in the Two Global Health Security Agreements 274
The EU Role in the International Health Regulations 275
The EU Role in the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework Agreement 277
Conclusion 278
Acknowledgment 279
References 279
Chapter 12 The EU Voice in the UN System Related to Health and Other Health Actors 281
The European Union’s Mandate in Global Health 281
World Health Organization 284
Cooperation between the European Commission and the WHO 284
The EU’s Participation in the WHO 287
EU representation at the WHO 291
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 293
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 294
Conclusions 296
References 298
Chapter 13 Germany’s Role in Promoting Systems of Solidarity in Healthcare 301
Why is Social Health Protectionb an Issue in Global Health? 301
I Did it My Way: Germany’s Path Toward Social Health Protection for All 303
Together We Stand Strong: Principles Underlying SHP in the German Context 306
With a Little Help from My Friends: Instruments to Promote SHP Globally 307
Imagine All the People …: The Shaping of Discourse and the Promotion of Norms Internationally 309
Acknowledgments 311
References 311
Chapter 14 The Civil Society Perspective on the EU’s Role in Global Health 313
Background: Multiple Actor Governance in Global Health 313
The Malaise of Corporate Capture 315
The Involvement of Public Interest Civil Society in EU Public Health Policies 316
NGOs and Global Health 317
The EU Role in Global Health and the Global Health Policy Platform 319
CSOs’ Interaction with the European Parliament in Global Health 321
Prospects of the EU Role in Global Health and the Role of Civil Society 325
Acknowledgments 326
References 327
Chapter 15 The European Union as a Global Health Actor: A Critical View 329
Introduction 329
EU Coherence on Global Health Questions 332
Policy Determinacy: EU Competence and Positions on Health and Global Health 333
Political Cohesion between EU Actors and EU Member States: The Single Voice Challenge 337
Effectiveness of the EU in Debates on Gobal Health 341
The EU’s Effectiveness in the Debate on WHO Reform 342
UN Debate on NCDs and SDOH 344
Relating Coherence and Effectiveness 346
Conclusion 349
References 350
Index 355