BOOK
Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing - E-Book
David Wilson | Cheryl C Rodgers | Marilyn J. Hockenberry
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Awarded first place in the 2017 AJN Book of the Year Awards in the Child Health category. Known for its accuracy, evidence-based focus, and engaging writing style, Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition has been the #1 title in the pediatric nursing market since it first published in 1980! Thoroughly revised to equip you with the latest research and guidelines for treating children today, it encourages a whole-body approach by beginning with child development and health promotion to better understand the later chapters on specific health problems. A new chapter featuring all systems cancers provides comprehensive information in one place. Nursing Care Plans now incorporate additional case studies to personalize interventions and promote critical thinking.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Dedication | ix | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Organization of the Book | x | ||
| Unifying Principles | xi | ||
| The Family as the Unit of Care | xi | ||
| An Integrated Approach to Development | xii | ||
| Focus on Wellness and Illness: Child, Family, and Community | xii | ||
| Nursing Care | xii | ||
| Culturally Competent Care | xii | ||
| The Critical Role of Research and Evidence-Based Practice | xii | ||
| Special Features | xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiv | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| Unit 1 Children, Their Families, and the Nurse | 1 | ||
| 1 Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing | 1 | ||
| Health Care for Children | 1 | ||
| Health Promotion | 1 | ||
| Development | 1 | ||
| Nutrition | 2 | ||
| Oral Health | 2 | ||
| Childhood Health Problems | 2 | ||
| Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes | 2 | ||
| Childhood Injuries | 3 | ||
| Violence | 4 | ||
| Mental Health Problems | 6 | ||
| Infant Mortality | 6 | ||
| Childhood Mortality | 6 | ||
| Childhood Morbidity | 7 | ||
| The Art of Pediatric Nursing | 7 | ||
| Philosophy of Care | 7 | ||
| Family-Centered Care | 7 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | 8 | ||
| Role of the Pediatric Nurse | 8 | ||
| Therapeutic Relationship | 8 | ||
| Family Advocacy and Caring | 9 | ||
| Disease Prevention and Health Promotion | 9 | ||
| Health Teaching | 9 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 9 | ||
| Support and Counseling | 9 | ||
| Coordination and Collaboration | 10 | ||
| Ethical Decision Making | 10 | ||
| Research and Evidence-Based Practice | 10 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning and the Process of Providing Nursing Care to Children and Families | 10 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning | 10 | ||
| Nursing Process | 11 | ||
| Assessment | 11 | ||
| Diagnosis | 11 | ||
| Outcomes Identification | 11 | ||
| Planning | 11 | ||
| Implementation | 11 | ||
| Evaluation | 12 | ||
| Documentation | 12 | ||
| Quality Outcome Measures | 12 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 13 | ||
| Correct Answers | 13 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| 2 Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion | 15 | ||
| General Concepts | 15 | ||
| Definition of Family | 15 | ||
| Family Theories | 15 | ||
| Family Systems Theory | 15 | ||
| Family Stress Theory | 16 | ||
| Developmental Theory | 17 | ||
| Family Nursing Interventions | 17 | ||
| Family Structure and Function | 17 | ||
| Family Structure | 17 | ||
| Traditional Nuclear Family | 18 | ||
| Nuclear Family | 18 | ||
| Blended Family | 18 | ||
| Extended Family | 18 | ||
| Single-Parent Family | 18 | ||
| Binuclear Family | 18 | ||
| Polygamous Family | 18 | ||
| Communal Family | 18 | ||
| Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Families | 19 | ||
| Family Strengths and Functioning Style | 19 | ||
| Family Roles and Relationships | 19 | ||
| Parental Roles | 19 | ||
| Role Learning | 19 | ||
| Parenting | 20 | ||
| Parenting Styles | 20 | ||
| Limit Setting and Discipline | 20 | ||
| Minimizing Misbehavior | 20 | ||
| General Guidelines for Implementing Discipline | 21 | ||
| Types of Discipline | 21 | ||
| Special Parenting Situations | 22 | ||
| Parenting the Adopted Child | 22 | ||
| Issues of Origin | 23 | ||
| Adolescence | 23 | ||
| Cross-Racial and International Adoption | 23 | ||
| Parenting and Divorce | 24 | ||
| Impact of Divorce on Children | 24 | ||
| Telling the Children | 25 | ||
| Custody and Parenting Partnerships | 26 | ||
| Single Parenting | 26 | ||
| Single Fathers | 26 | ||
| Parenting in Reconstituted Families | 26 | ||
| Parenting in Dual-Earner Families | 27 | ||
| Working Mothers | 27 | ||
| Kinship Care | 27 | ||
| Foster Parenting | 27 | ||
| Sociocultural Influences upon the Child and Family | 27 | ||
| Influences in the Surrounding Environment | 28 | ||
| Schools | 28 | ||
| Peer Cultures | 28 | ||
| Social Roles | 29 | ||
| Co-Cultural or Subcultural Influences | 29 | ||
| Communities | 29 | ||
| Broader Sociocultural Influences upon the Child and Family | 29 | ||
| Race and Ethnicity | 29 | ||
| Social Class | 30 | ||
| Poverty | 30 | ||
| Evolving Demographics in the United States | 30 | ||
| Religious Influences | 30 | ||
| Religious Beliefs | 31 | ||
| Mass Media | 31 | ||
| Understanding Cultures in the Health Care Encounter | 32 | ||
| Bridging the Gap | 32 | ||
| Cultural Definitions | 33 | ||
| Components of Cultural Humility | 33 | ||
| Health Beliefs and Practices | 34 | ||
| Health Beliefs | 34 | ||
| Natural and Supernatural Forces | 34 | ||
| Imbalance of Forces | 34 | ||
| Health Practices | 34 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 35 | ||
| Correct Answers | 36 | ||
| References | 36 | ||
| 3 Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion | 38 | ||
| Growth and Development | 38 | ||
| Foundations of Growth and Development | 38 | ||
| Stages of Development | 38 | ||
| Patterns of Growth and Development | 38 | ||
| Directional Trends | 38 | ||
| Sequential Trends | 39 | ||
| Developmental Pace | 39 | ||
| Sensitive Periods | 39 | ||
| Individual Differences | 40 | ||
| Biologic Growth and Physical Development | 40 | ||
| External Proportions | 40 | ||
| Biologic Determinants of Growth and Development | 40 | ||
| Skeletal Growth and Maturation | 41 | ||
| Neurologic Maturation | 42 | ||
| Lymphoid Tissues | 42 | ||
| Development of Organ Systems | 42 | ||
| Physiologic Changes | 42 | ||
| Metabolism | 42 | ||
| Temperature | 42 | ||
| Sleep and Rest | 42 | ||
| Nutrition | 43 | ||
| Temperament | 43 | ||
| Significance of Temperament | 43 | ||
| Development of Personality and Cognitive Function | 43 | ||
| Theoretical Foundations of Personality Development | 44 | ||
| Psychosexual Development (Freud) | 44 | ||
| Psychosocial Development (Erikson) | 44 | ||
| Theoretical Foundations of Cognitive Development | 45 | ||
| Cognitive Development (Piaget) | 45 | ||
| Language Development | 46 | ||
| Moral Development (Kohlberg) | 46 | ||
| Development of Self-Concept | 46 | ||
| Body Image | 47 | ||
| Self-Esteem | 47 | ||
| Role of Play in Development | 47 | ||
| Classification of Play | 47 | ||
| Content of Play | 47 | ||
| Social Character of Play | 48 | ||
| Functions of Play | 49 | ||
| Sensorimotor Development | 49 | ||
| Intellectual Development | 49 | ||
| Socialization | 49 | ||
| Creativity | 49 | ||
| Self-Awareness | 49 | ||
| Therapeutic Value | 49 | ||
| Morality | 50 | ||
| Toys | 50 | ||
| Developmental Assessment | 50 | ||
| Ages and Stages | 51 | ||
| Genetic Factors That Influence Development | 51 | ||
| Overview of Genetics and Genomics | 51 | ||
| Genes, Genetics, and Genomics | 51 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 51 | ||
| Disorders of the Intrauterine Environment | 52 | ||
| Genetic Disorders | 52 | ||
| Role of Nurses in Genetics | 52 | ||
| Nursing Assessment: Applying and Integrating Genetic and Genomic Knowledge | 53 | ||
| Identification and Referral | 53 | ||
| Providing Education, Care, and Support | 54 | ||
| Review Questions | 55 | ||
| Correct Answers | 55 | ||
| References | 55 | ||
| Unit 2 Assessment of the Child and Family | 57 | ||
| 4 Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family | 57 | ||
| Guidelines for Communication and Interviewing | 57 | ||
| Establishing a Setting for Communication | 57 | ||
| Appropriate Introduction | 57 | ||
| Assurance of Privacy and Confidentiality | 57 | ||
| Computer Privacy and Applications in Nursing | 57 | ||
| Telephone Triage and Counseling | 57 | ||
| Communicating with Families | 58 | ||
| Communicating with Parents | 58 | ||
| Encouraging the Parents to Talk | 58 | ||
| Directing the Focus | 58 | ||
| Listening and Cultural Awareness | 58 | ||
| Using Silence | 59 | ||
| Being Empathic | 59 | ||
| Providing Anticipatory Guidance | 59 | ||
| Avoiding Blocks to Communication | 59 | ||
| Communicating with Families through an Interpreter | 60 | ||
| Communicating with Children | 60 | ||
| Communication Related to Development of Thought Processes | 60 | ||
| Infancy | 60 | ||
| Early Childhood | 61 | ||
| School-Age Years | 61 | ||
| Adolescence | 62 | ||
| Communication Techniques | 62 | ||
| Play | 62 | ||
| History Taking | 64 | ||
| Performing a Health History | 64 | ||
| Identifying Information | 64 | ||
| Informant | 64 | ||
| Chief Complaint | 64 | ||
| Present Illness | 65 | ||
| Analyzing a Symptom | 65 | ||
| History | 65 | ||
| Birth History | 65 | ||
| Dietary History | 66 | ||
| Previous Illnesses, Injuries, and Surgeries | 66 | ||
| Allergies | 66 | ||
| Current Medications | 66 | ||
| Immunizations | 66 | ||
| Growth and Development | 67 | ||
| Habits | 67 | ||
| Reproductive Health History | 67 | ||
| Family Health History | 67 | ||
| Geographic Location | 67 | ||
| Family Structure | 68 | ||
| Psychosocial History | 68 | ||
| Review of Systems | 70 | ||
| Nutritional Assessment | 71 | ||
| Dietary Intake | 71 | ||
| Clinical Examination of Nutrition | 71 | ||
| Evaluation of Nutritional Assessment | 72 | ||
| General Approaches Toward Examining the Child | 72 | ||
| Sequence of the Examination | 72 | ||
| Preparation of the Child | 75 | ||
| Physical Examination | 77 | ||
| Growth Measurements | 77 | ||
| Growth Charts | 77 | ||
| Length | 77 | ||
| Height | 77 | ||
| Weight | 79 | ||
| Skinfold Thickness and Arm Circumference | 80 | ||
| Head Circumference | 80 | ||
| Physiologic Measurements | 81 | ||
| Temperature | 82 | ||
| Pulse | 85 | ||
| Respiration | 86 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 86 | ||
| Selection of Cuff | 86 | ||
| Measurement and Interpretation | 87 | ||
| Orthostatic Hypotension | 88 | ||
| General Appearance | 88 | ||
| Skin | 88 | ||
| Accessory Structures | 88 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 89 | ||
| Head and Neck | 89 | ||
| Eyes | 90 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 90 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 91 | ||
| Preparing the Child | 91 | ||
| Funduscopic Examination | 91 | ||
| Vision Testing | 91 | ||
| Ocular Alignment | 91 | ||
| Visual Acuity Testing in Children | 92 | ||
| Visual Acuity Testing in Infants and Difficult-to-Test Children | 93 | ||
| Peripheral Vision | 94 | ||
| Color Vision | 94 | ||
| Ears | 94 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 94 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 95 | ||
| Positioning the Child | 95 | ||
| Otoscopic Examination | 96 | ||
| Auditory Testing | 97 | ||
| Nose | 97 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 97 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 97 | ||
| Mouth and Throat | 98 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 98 | ||
| Chest | 99 | ||
| Lungs | 100 | ||
| Auscultation | 101 | ||
| Heart | 102 | ||
| Auscultation | 103 | ||
| Origin of Heart Sounds | 103 | ||
| Differentiating Normal Heart Sounds | 103 | ||
| Heart Murmurs | 103 | ||
| Abdomen | 104 | ||
| Inspection | 104 | ||
| Auscultation | 105 | ||
| Palpation | 105 | ||
| Genitalia | 106 | ||
| Male Genitalia | 106 | ||
| Female Genitalia | 107 | ||
| Anus | 108 | ||
| Back and Extremities | 108 | ||
| Spine | 108 | ||
| Extremities | 108 | ||
| Joints | 109 | ||
| Muscles | 109 | ||
| Neurologic Assessment | 109 | ||
| Cerebellar Function | 109 | ||
| Reflexes | 110 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 110 | ||
| Review Questions | 112 | ||
| Correct Answers | 113 | ||
| References | 113 | ||
| 5 Pain Assessment and Management in Children | 114 | ||
| Pain Assessment | 114 | ||
| Behavioral Pain Measures | 114 | ||
| Self-Report Pain Rating Scales | 114 | ||
| Multidimensional Measures | 116 | ||
| Chronic and Recurrent Pain Assessment | 116 | ||
| Assessment of Pain in Specific Populations | 119 | ||
| Pain in Neonates | 119 | ||
| Children with Communication and Cognitive Impairment | 120 | ||
| Cultural Differences | 120 | ||
| Children with Chronic Illness and Complex Pain | 124 | ||
| Pain Management | 124 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Management | 124 | ||
| Complementary Pain Medicine | 126 | ||
| Classification of Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 126 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management | 126 | ||
| Nonopioids | 127 | ||
| Opioids | 127 | ||
| Coanalgesic Drugs | 127 | ||
| Choosing the Pain Medication Dose | 128 | ||
| Choosing the Timing of Analgesia | 129 | ||
| Choosing the Method of Administration | 129 | ||
| Patient-Controlled Analgesia | 129 | ||
| Epidural Analgesia | 132 | ||
| Transmucosal and Transdermal Analgesia | 132 | ||
| Monitoring Side Effects | 132 | ||
| Consequences of Untreated Pain in Infants | 137 | ||
| Common Pain States in Children | 138 | ||
| Painful and Invasive Procedures | 138 | ||
| Procedural Sedation and Analgesia | 138 | ||
| Postoperative Pain | 143 | ||
| Burn Pain | 144 | ||
| Recurrent Headaches in Children | 144 | ||
| Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children | 145 | ||
| Pain in Children with Sickle Cell Disease | 145 | ||
| Cancer Pain in Children | 145 | ||
| Pain and Sedation in End-of-Life Care | 147 | ||
| Review Questions | 147 | ||
| Correct Answers | 148 | ||
| References | 148 | ||
| 6 Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases | 150 | ||
| Infection Control | 150 | ||
| Immunizations* | 151 | ||
| Schedule for Immunizations | 152 | ||
| Recommendations for Routine Immunizations* | 153 | ||
| Hepatitis B Virus | 153 | ||
| Hepatitis A Virus | 153 | ||
| Diphtheria | 153 | ||
| Tetanus | 153 | ||
| Pertussis | 154 | ||
| Polio | 154 | ||
| Measles | 154 | ||
| Mumps | 155 | ||
| Rubella | 155 | ||
| Haemophilus influenzae Type B | 155 | ||
| Varicella | 155 | ||
| Pneumococcal Disease | 156 | ||
| Influenza | 156 | ||
| Meningococcal Disease | 156 | ||
| Recommendations for Selected Immunizations | 157 | ||
| Reactions | 157 | ||
| Contraindications and Precautions | 158 | ||
| Administration | 159 | ||
| Communicable Diseases | 162 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 162 | ||
| Prevent Spread | 162 | ||
| Prevent Complications | 162 | ||
| Provide Comfort | 170 | ||
| Support Child and Family | 171 | ||
| Conjunctivitis | 171 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 171 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 171 | ||
| Stomatitis | 171 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 172 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 172 | ||
| Intestinal Parasitic Diseases | 172 | ||
| General Nursing Care Management | 172 | ||
| Giardiasis | 174 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 174 | ||
| Enterobiasis (Pinworms) | 174 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 175 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 175 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 175 | ||
| Infections of the Skin | 175 | ||
| Bacterial Infections | 175 | ||
| Unit 3 Family-Centered Care of the Newborn | 190 | ||
| 7 Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family | 190 | ||
| Adjustment to Extrauterine Life | 190 | ||
| Immediate Adjustments | 190 | ||
| Respiratory System | 190 | ||
| Circulatory System | 190 | ||
| Physiologic Status of Other Systems | 191 | ||
| Thermoregulation | 191 | ||
| Hematopoietic System | 191 | ||
| Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | 191 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 191 | ||
| Renal System | 192 | ||
| Integumentary System | 192 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 192 | ||
| Defenses Against Infection | 192 | ||
| Endocrine System | 192 | ||
| Neurologic System | 192 | ||
| Sensory Functions | 192 | ||
| Vision | 192 | ||
| Hearing | 193 | ||
| Smell | 193 | ||
| Taste | 193 | ||
| Touch | 193 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Newborn and Family | 193 | ||
| Assessment | 193 | ||
| Initial Assessment: Apgar Scoring | 193 | ||
| Clinical Assessment of Gestational Age | 193 | ||
| Weight Related to Gestational Age | 194 | ||
| General Measurements | 196 | ||
| General Appearance | 198 | ||
| Skin | 198 | ||
| Head | 198 | ||
| Eyes | 199 | ||
| Ears | 199 | ||
| Nose | 200 | ||
| Mouth and Throat | 200 | ||
| Neck | 200 | ||
| Chest | 200 | ||
| Lungs | 200 | ||
| Heart | 200 | ||
| Abdomen | 201 | ||
| Female Genitalia | 201 | ||
| Male Genitalia | 201 | ||
| Back and Rectum | 201 | ||
| Extremities | 201 | ||
| Neurologic System | 202 | ||
| Transitional Assessment: Periods of Reactivity | 202 | ||
| Behavioral Assessment | 203 | ||
| Patterns of Sleep and Activity | 204 | ||
| Cry | 205 | ||
| Assessment of Attachment Behaviors | 205 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 205 | ||
| Maintain a Patent Airway | 210 | ||
| Maintain a Stable Body Temperature | 210 | ||
| Protect from Infection and Injury | 210 | ||
| Identification | 210 | ||
| Eye Care | 211 | ||
| Vitamin K Administration | 211 | ||
| Hepatitis B Vaccine Administration | 211 | ||
| Newborn Screening for Disease | 211 | ||
| Universal Newborn Hearing Screening | 212 | ||
| Bathing | 213 | ||
| Care of the Umbilicus | 213 | ||
| Circumcision | 214 | ||
| Provide Optimal Nutrition | 216 | ||
| Human Milk | 216 | ||
| Breastfeeding | 217 | ||
| Bottle Feeding | 218 | ||
| Commercially Prepared Formulas | 219 | ||
| Preparation of Formula | 220 | ||
| Alternate Milk Products | 220 | ||
| Feeding Schedules | 220 | ||
| Feeding Behavior | 221 | ||
| Promote Parent–Infant Bonding (Attachment) | 221 | ||
| Infant Behavior | 221 | ||
| Maternal Attachment | 221 | ||
| Paternal Engrossment | 222 | ||
| Siblings | 223 | ||
| Multiple Births and Subsequent Children | 223 | ||
| Prepare for Discharge and Home Care | 224 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 226 | ||
| Correct Answers | 226 | ||
| References | 226 | ||
| 8 Health Problems of Newborns | 229 | ||
| Birth Injuries | 229 | ||
| Soft Tissue Injury | 229 | ||
| Head Trauma | 229 | ||
| Caput Succedaneum | 229 | ||
| Cephalhematoma | 229 | ||
| Subgaleal Hemorrhage | 230 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 230 | ||
| Fractures | 231 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 231 | ||
| Paralysis | 231 | ||
| Facial Paralysis | 231 | ||
| Brachial Palsy | 231 | ||
| Phrenic Nerve Paralysis | 232 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 232 | ||
| Cranial Deformities | 232 | ||
| Prognosis | 233 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 233 | ||
| Common Problems in the Newborn | 233 | ||
| Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum | 233 | ||
| Candidiasis | 233 | ||
| Oral Candidiasis | 233 | ||
| Unit 4 Family-Centered Care of the Infant | 301 | ||
| 9 Health Promotion of the Infant and Family | 301 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 301 | ||
| Biologic Development | 301 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 301 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 301 | ||
| Fine Motor Development | 307 | ||
| Gross Motor Development | 308 | ||
| Head Control | 308 | ||
| Rolling Over | 308 | ||
| Sitting | 308 | ||
| Locomotion | 308 | ||
| Psychosocial Development: Developing a Sense of Trust (Erikson) | 309 | ||
| Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Phase (Piaget) | 310 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 312 | ||
| Social Development | 312 | ||
| Attachment | 313 | ||
| Separation Anxiety | 313 | ||
| Stranger Fear | 314 | ||
| Language Development | 314 | ||
| Play | 314 | ||
| Temperament | 314 | ||
| Childrearing Practices Related to Temperament | 315 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 315 | ||
| Separation and Stranger Fear | 315 | ||
| Alternate Child Care Arrangements | 315 | ||
| Limit Setting and Discipline | 316 | ||
| Thumb Sucking and Use of a Pacifier | 316 | ||
| Teething | 317 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During Infancy | 317 | ||
| Nutrition | 317 | ||
| The First 6 Months | 318 | ||
| The Second 6 Months | 319 | ||
| Selection and Preparation of Solid Foods | 319 | ||
| Introduction of Solid Foods | 320 | ||
| Weaning | 320 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 321 | ||
| Dental Health | 321 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 324 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Injuries | 324 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Injury Prevention | 326 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 328 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 328 | ||
| Correct Answers | 328 | ||
| References | 329 | ||
| 10 Health Problems of Infants | 330 | ||
| Nutritional Imbalances | 330 | ||
| Vitamin Imbalances | 330 | ||
| Mineral Imbalances | 331 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 331 | ||
| Severe Acute Malnutrition (Protein-Energy Malnutrition) | 332 | ||
| Kwashiorkor | 332 | ||
| Marasmus | 332 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 333 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 333 | ||
| Health Problems Related to Nutrition | 333 | ||
| Food Sensitivity | 333 | ||
| Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management | 335 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 335 | ||
| Cow’s Milk Allergy | 336 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 336 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 336 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 336 | ||
| Failure to Thrive | 337 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 337 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 337 | ||
| Prognosis | 338 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 338 | ||
| Skin Disorders | 339 | ||
| Diaper Dermatitis | 339 | ||
| Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations | 339 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 339 | ||
| Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) | 340 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 341 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 341 | ||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | 342 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 342 | ||
| Special Health Problems | 342 | ||
| Colic (Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain) | 342 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 342 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 343 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 343 | ||
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | 343 | ||
| Etiology | 345 | ||
| Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | 345 | ||
| Protective Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | 346 | ||
| Infant Risk Factors | 346 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 346 | ||
| Care of the Family of a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infant | 347 | ||
| Positional Plagiocephaly | 348 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 348 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 348 | ||
| Apparent Life-Threatening Event | 349 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 349 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 349 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 349 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 350 | ||
| Correct Answers | 351 | ||
| References | 351 | ||
| Unit 5 Family-Centered Care of the Young Child | 354 | ||
| 11 Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family | 354 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 354 | ||
| Biologic Development | 354 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 354 | ||
| Sensory Changes | 354 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 354 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Development | 355 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 355 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Autonomy (Erikson) | 355 | ||
| Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor and Preoperational Phase (PIAGET) | 356 | ||
| Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 356 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 357 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 358 | ||
| Development of Gender Identity | 358 | ||
| Social Development | 358 | ||
| Language Development | 359 | ||
| Personal-Social Behavior | 359 | ||
| Play | 359 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 360 | ||
| Toilet Training | 360 | ||
| Sibling Rivalry | 363 | ||
| Temper Tantrums | 364 | ||
| Negativism | 364 | ||
| Regression | 365 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health during Toddlerhood | 365 | ||
| Nutrition | 365 | ||
| Nutritional Counseling | 365 | ||
| Dietary Guidelines | 366 | ||
| Vegetarian Diets | 367 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 367 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 368 | ||
| Dental Health | 368 | ||
| Regular Dental Examinations | 368 | ||
| Plaque Removal | 368 | ||
| Fluoride | 369 | ||
| Dietary Factors | 370 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 370 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Safety | 372 | ||
| Car Restraints | 372 | ||
| Motor Vehicle–Related Injuries | 375 | ||
| Drowning | 375 | ||
| Burns | 375 | ||
| Accidental Poisoning | 376 | ||
| Falls | 376 | ||
| Aspiration and Suffocation | 376 | ||
| Bodily Harm | 377 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 377 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 378 | ||
| Correct Answers | 378 | ||
| References | 379 | ||
| 12 Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family | 380 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 380 | ||
| Biologic Development | 380 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Skills | 380 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 380 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Initiative (Erikson) | 380 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 381 | ||
| Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 381 | ||
| Moral Development | 381 | ||
| Preconventional or Premoral Level (Kohlberg) | 381 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 381 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 382 | ||
| Development of Sexuality | 382 | ||
| Social Development | 382 | ||
| Language | 382 | ||
| Personal-Social Behavior | 383 | ||
| Play | 383 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 384 | ||
| Preschool and Kindergarten Experience | 384 | ||
| Sex Education | 387 | ||
| Fears | 388 | ||
| Stress | 388 | ||
| Aggression | 388 | ||
| Speech Problems | 388 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During the Preschool Years* | 389 | ||
| Nutrition | 389 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 390 | ||
| Dental Health | 390 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 390 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 390 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 391 | ||
| Correct Answers | 392 | ||
| References | 392 | ||
| 13 Health Problems of Toddlers and Preschoolers | 393 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 393 | ||
| Skin Disorders Related to Chemical or Physical Contacts | 393 | ||
| Contact Dermatitis | 393 | ||
| Unit 6 Family‐Centered Care of the School‐Age Child and Adolescent | 429 | ||
| 14 Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family | 429 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 429 | ||
| Biologic Development | 429 | ||
| Physical Changes | 429 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 429 | ||
| Prepubescence | 430 | ||
| Psychosocial Development: Developing a Sense of Industry (Erikson) | 430 | ||
| Cognitive Development (Piaget) | 431 | ||
| Moral Development (Kohlberg) | 431 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 432 | ||
| Social Development | 433 | ||
| Social Relationships and Cooperation | 433 | ||
| Clubs and Peer Groups | 433 | ||
| Relationships with Families | 434 | ||
| Play | 434 | ||
| Rules and Rituals | 434 | ||
| Team Play | 434 | ||
| Quiet Games and Activities | 435 | ||
| Ego Mastery | 435 | ||
| Developing a Self-Concept | 435 | ||
| Body Image | 435 | ||
| Development of Sexuality | 435 | ||
| Sex Education | 435 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Sex Education | 436 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 436 | ||
| School Experience | 436 | ||
| Role of Teachers | 438 | ||
| Role of Parents | 438 | ||
| Latchkey Children | 438 | ||
| Discipline | 439 | ||
| Dishonest Behavior | 439 | ||
| Stress and Fear | 439 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health during the School Years | 440 | ||
| Nutrition | 440 | ||
| Sleep and Rest | 440 | ||
| Exercise and Activity | 440 | ||
| Sports | 440 | ||
| Acquisition of Skills | 441 | ||
| Television, Video Games, and the Internet | 441 | ||
| Dental Health | 441 | ||
| Dental Problems | 442 | ||
| School Health | 443 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 443 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 446 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 446 | ||
| Correct Answers | 446 | ||
| References | 446 | ||
| 15 Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family | 448 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 448 | ||
| Biologic Development | 448 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Events of Puberty | 448 | ||
| Sexual Maturation | 450 | ||
| Sexual Maturation in Girls | 450 | ||
| Sexual Maturation in Boys | 450 | ||
| Physical Growth During Puberty | 450 | ||
| Sex Differences in General Growth Patterns | 451 | ||
| Other Physiologic Changes | 453 | ||
| Cognitive Development Emergence of Formal Operational Thought (Piaget) | 453 | ||
| Moral Development (Kohlberg) | 453 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 453 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 453 | ||
| Identity Development (Erikson) | 453 | ||
| Group Identity | 454 | ||
| Individual Identity | 454 | ||
| Sex-Role Identity | 454 | ||
| Social Environments | 456 | ||
| Families | 456 | ||
| Peer Groups | 456 | ||
| Schools | 456 | ||
| Work | 457 | ||
| Interests and Activities | 457 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health during Adolescence | 458 | ||
| Adolescents’ Perspectives on Health | 458 | ||
| Health Concerns of Adolescence | 458 | ||
| Emotional Well-Being | 459 | ||
| Intentional and Unintentional Injury | 459 | ||
| Dietary Habits, Eating Disorders, and Obesity | 459 | ||
| Physical Fitness | 459 | ||
| Sexual Behavior, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Unintended Pregnancy | 460 | ||
| Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents | 461 | ||
| Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Substances | 461 | ||
| Depression and Suicide | 461 | ||
| School and Learning Problems | 462 | ||
| Hypertension | 462 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 462 | ||
| Immunizations | 462 | ||
| Body Art | 463 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation and Insomnia | 463 | ||
| Tanning | 463 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 463 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 464 | ||
| Correct Answers | 464 | ||
| References | 465 | ||
| 16 Health Problems of School-Age Children and Adolescents | 466 | ||
| Health Problems of School-Age Children | 466 | ||
| Problems Related to Elimination | 466 | ||
| Enuresis | 466 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 466 | ||
| Encopresis | 467 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 467 | ||
| School-Age Disorders with Behavioral Components | 468 | ||
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability | 468 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 468 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 468 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 468 | ||
| Behavioral Therapy | 468 | ||
| Pharmacologic Therapy | 468 | ||
| Multimodal treatment. | 469 | ||
| Environmental manipulation. | 469 | ||
| Appropriate classroom placement. | 469 | ||
| Prognosis. | 469 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 469 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 470 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 470 | ||
| School Phobia | 470 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 471 | ||
| Conversion Reaction | 471 | ||
| Childhood Depression | 471 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 471 | ||
| Unit 7 Family‐Centered Care of the Child with Special Needs | 501 | ||
| 17 Quality of Life for Children Living with Chronic or Complex Diseases | 501 | ||
| Perspectives on the Care of Children and Families Living with or Dying From Chronic or Complex Diseases | 501 | ||
| Scope of the Problem | 501 | ||
| Trends in Care | 501 | ||
| Developmental Focus | 501 | ||
| Family-Centered Care | 502 | ||
| Family–Health Care Provider Communication | 502 | ||
| Establishing Therapeutic Relationships | 502 | ||
| The Role of Culture in Family-Centered Care | 502 | ||
| Shared Decision Making | 503 | ||
| Normalization | 503 | ||
| The Family of the Child with a Chronic or Complex Condition | 504 | ||
| Impact of the Child’s Chronic Illness | 504 | ||
| Parents | 504 | ||
| Parental Roles | 504 | ||
| Mother–Father Differences | 505 | ||
| Single-Parent Families | 505 | ||
| Siblings | 505 | ||
| Coping with Ongoing Stress and Periodic Crises | 505 | ||
| Concurrent Stresses within the Family | 505 | ||
| Coping Mechanisms | 505 | ||
| Parental Empowerment | 506 | ||
| Assisting Family Members in Managing Their Feelings | 506 | ||
| Shock and Denial | 507 | ||
| Adjustment | 507 | ||
| Reintegration and Acknowledgment | 507 | ||
| Establishing a Support System | 508 | ||
| The Child with a Chronic or Complex Condition | 508 | ||
| Developmental Aspects | 508 | ||
| Coping Mechanisms | 508 | ||
| Hopefulness | 510 | ||
| Health Education and Self-Care | 511 | ||
| Responses to Parental Behavior | 511 | ||
| Type of Illness or Condition | 511 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Family and Child with a Chronic or Complex Condition | 511 | ||
| Assessment | 511 | ||
| Provide Support at the Time of Diagnosis | 512 | ||
| Support the Family’s Coping Methods | 512 | ||
| Parents | 512 | ||
| Parent-to-Parent Support | 513 | ||
| Advocate for Empowerment | 514 | ||
| The Child | 514 | ||
| Siblings | 514 | ||
| Educate About the Disorder and General Health Care | 515 | ||
| Activities of Daily Living | 515 | ||
| Safe Transportation | 515 | ||
| Primary Health Care | 515 | ||
| Promote Normal Development | 515 | ||
| Early Childhood | 516 | ||
| School Age | 516 | ||
| Adolescence | 517 | ||
| Establish Realistic Future Goals | 517 | ||
| Perspectives on the Care of Children at the End of Life | 517 | ||
| Principles of Palliative Care | 518 | ||
| Decision Making at the End of Life | 518 | ||
| Ethical Considerations in End-of-Life Decision Making | 518 | ||
| Physician–Health Care Team Decision Making | 518 | ||
| Parental Decision Making | 520 | ||
| The Dying Child | 520 | ||
| Treatment Options for Terminally Ill Children | 520 | ||
| Hospital | 520 | ||
| Home Care | 520 | ||
| Hospice Care | 520 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Child and Family at the End of Life | 522 | ||
| Fear of Pain and Suffering | 522 | ||
| Pain and Symptom Management | 522 | ||
| Parents’ and Siblings’ Need for Education and Support | 523 | ||
| Fear of Dying Alone or of Not Being Present When the Child Dies | 523 | ||
| Fear of Actual Death | 524 | ||
| Home Deaths | 524 | ||
| Hospital Deaths | 524 | ||
| Organ or Tissue Donation and Autopsy | 524 | ||
| Grief and Mourning | 525 | ||
| Parental Grief | 525 | ||
| Sibling Grief | 525 | ||
| Nurses’ Reactions to Caring for Dying Children | 526 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 527 | ||
| Correct Answers | 527 | ||
| References | 527 | ||
| 18 Impact of Cognitive or Sensory Impairment on the Child and Family | 530 | ||
| Cognitive Impairment | 530 | ||
| General Concepts | 530 | ||
| Diagnosis and Classification | 530 | ||
| Etiology | 530 | ||
| Nursing Care of Children with Impaired Cognitive Function | 531 | ||
| Educate Child and Family | 531 | ||
| Teach Child Self-Care Skills | 532 | ||
| Promote Child’s Optimal Development | 532 | ||
| Encourage Play and Exercise | 532 | ||
| Provide Means of Communication | 533 | ||
| Establish Discipline | 533 | ||
| Encourage Socialization | 533 | ||
| Provide Information on Sexuality | 534 | ||
| Help Family Adjust to Future Care | 534 | ||
| Care for Child During Hospitalization | 534 | ||
| Assist in Measures to Prevent Cognitive Impairment | 534 | ||
| Down Syndrome | 535 | ||
| Etiology | 535 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 535 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 535 | ||
| Prognosis | 535 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 535 | ||
| Support the Family at the Time of Diagnosis | 535 | ||
| Assist the Family in Preventing Physical Problems | 535 | ||
| Assist in Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Counseling | 537 | ||
| Fragile X Syndrome | 537 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 537 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 537 | ||
| Prognosis | 538 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 538 | ||
| Sensory Impairment | 538 | ||
| Hearing Impairment | 538 | ||
| Definition and Classification | 538 | ||
| Etiology | 538 | ||
| Pathology | 538 | ||
| Symptom Severity | 539 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 539 | ||
| Conductive Hearing Loss | 539 | ||
| Sensorineural Hearing Loss | 540 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 540 | ||
| Lipreading | 540 | ||
| Cued Speech | 540 | ||
| Sign Language | 540 | ||
| Speech Language Therapy | 541 | ||
| Additional Aids | 541 | ||
| Socialization | 541 | ||
| Support Child and Family | 541 | ||
| Care for the Child During Hospitalization | 541 | ||
| Assist in Measures to Prevent Hearing Impairment | 542 | ||
| Visual Impairment | 542 | ||
| Definition and Classification | 542 | ||
| Etiology | 542 | ||
| Trauma | 542 | ||
| Infections | 544 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 544 | ||
| Infancy | 545 | ||
| Childhood | 545 | ||
| Promote Parent–Child Attachment | 545 | ||
| Promote Child’s Optimal Development | 545 | ||
| Development and Independence | 545 | ||
| Play and Socialization | 545 | ||
| Education | 545 | ||
| Care for the Child During Hospitalization | 546 | ||
| Assist in Measures to Prevent Visual Impairment | 547 | ||
| Hearing–Visual Impairment | 547 | ||
| Communication Impairment | 547 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorders | 547 | ||
| Etiology | 547 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation | 549 | ||
| Prognosis | 550 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 550 | ||
| Family Support | 550 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 550 | ||
| Correct Answers | 551 | ||
| References | 551 | ||
| Unit 8 The Child Who Is Hospitalized | 554 | ||
| 19 Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization | 554 | ||
| Stressors of Hospitalization and Children’s Reactions | 554 | ||
| Separation Anxiety | 554 | ||
| Early Childhood | 554 | ||
| Later Childhood and Adolescence | 556 | ||
| Loss of Control | 556 | ||
| Effects of Hospitalization on the Child | 556 | ||
| Individual Risk Factors | 556 | ||
| Changes in the Pediatric Population | 557 | ||
| Beneficial Effects of Hospitalization | 557 | ||
| Stressors and Reactions of the Family of the Child Who is Hospitalized | 557 | ||
| Parental Reactions | 557 | ||
| Sibling Reactions | 557 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Child Who is Hospitalized | 558 | ||
| Preparation for Hospitalization | 558 | ||
| Admission Assessment | 558 | ||
| Preparing the Child for Admission | 560 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 561 | ||
| Preventing or Minimizing Separation | 561 | ||
| Parental Absence during Infant Hospitalization | 561 | ||
| Minimizing Loss of Control | 562 | ||
| Promoting Freedom of Movement | 562 | ||
| Maintaining the Child’s Routine | 562 | ||
| Encouraging Independence | 563 | ||
| Promoting Understanding | 563 | ||
| Preventing or Minimizing Fear of Bodily Injury | 563 | ||
| Providing Developmentally Appropriate Activities | 564 | ||
| Providing Opportunities for Play and Expressive Activities | 564 | ||
| Diversional Activities | 564 | ||
| Toys | 565 | ||
| Expressive Activities | 565 | ||
| Creative Expression | 565 | ||
| Dramatic Play | 566 | ||
| Maximizing Potential Benefits of Hospitalization | 566 | ||
| Fostering Parent–Child Relationships | 566 | ||
| Providing Educational Opportunities | 566 | ||
| Promoting Self-Mastery | 566 | ||
| Providing Socialization | 567 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Family | 567 | ||
| Supporting Family Members | 567 | ||
| Providing Information | 567 | ||
| Encouraging Parent Participation | 568 | ||
| Preparing for Discharge and Home Care | 569 | ||
| Care of the Child and Family in Special Hospital Situations | 569 | ||
| Ambulatory or Outpatient Setting | 569 | ||
| Isolation | 570 | ||
| Emergency Admission | 571 | ||
| Intensive Care Unit | 571 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 573 | ||
| Correct Answers | 573 | ||
| References | 574 | ||
| 20 Pediatric Variations of Nursing Interventions | 575 | ||
| General Concepts Related to Pediatric Procedures | 575 | ||
| Informed Consent | 575 | ||
| Requirements for Obtaining Informed Consent | 575 | ||
| Eligibility for Giving Informed Consent | 575 | ||
| Informed Consent of Parents or Legal Guardians | 575 | ||
| Evidence of Consent | 575 | ||
| Informed Consent of Mature and Emancipated Minors | 576 | ||
| Treatment Without Parental Consent | 576 | ||
| Adolescents, Consent, and Confidentiality | 576 | ||
| Informed Consent and Parental Right to the Child’s Medical Chart | 576 | ||
| Preparation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures | 576 | ||
| Psychological Preparation | 576 | ||
| Establish Trust and Provide Support | 579 | ||
| Parental Presence and Support | 579 | ||
| Provide an Explanation | 579 | ||
| Physical Preparation | 579 | ||
| Performance of the Procedure | 580 | ||
| Expect Success | 580 | ||
| Involve the Child | 580 | ||
| Provide Distraction | 580 | ||
| Allow Expression of Feelings | 580 | ||
| Post-Procedural Support | 580 | ||
| Encourage Expression of Feelings | 580 | ||
| Positive Reinforcement | 581 | ||
| Use of Play in Procedures | 581 | ||
| Preparing the Family | 581 | ||
| Surgical Procedures | 581 | ||
| Preoperative Care | 581 | ||
| Parental Presence | 583 | ||
| Preoperative Sedation | 583 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 583 | ||
| Compliance | 584 | ||
| Compliance Strategies | 585 | ||
| Skin Care and General Hygiene | 585 | ||
| Maintaining Healthy Skin | 585 | ||
| Bathing | 587 | ||
| Oral Hygiene | 587 | ||
| Hair Care | 587 | ||
| Feeding the Sick Child | 587 | ||
| Controlling Elevated Temperatures | 588 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 589 | ||
| Fever | 589 | ||
| Hyperthermia | 589 | ||
| Family Teaching and Home Care | 589 | ||
| Safety | 590 | ||
| Environmental Factors | 590 | ||
| Toys | 590 | ||
| Preventing Falls | 591 | ||
| Infection Control | 591 | ||
| Transporting Infants and Children | 592 | ||
| Restraining Methods | 593 | ||
| Mummy Restraint or Swaddle | 594 | ||
| Jacket Restraint | 594 | ||
| Arm and Leg Restraints | 594 | ||
| Elbow Restraint | 594 | ||
| Positioning for Procedures | 595 | ||
| Femoral Venipuncture | 595 | ||
| Extremity Venipuncture or Injection | 595 | ||
| Lumbar Puncture | 595 | ||
| Bone Marrow Aspiration or Biopsy | 596 | ||
| Collection of Specimens | 596 | ||
| Fundamental Procedure Steps Common to All Procedures | 596 | ||
| Urine Specimens | 597 | ||
| Urine Collection Bags | 597 | ||
| Clean-Catch Specimens | 598 | ||
| Twenty-Four–Hour Collection | 598 | ||
| Bladder Catheterization and Other Techniques | 598 | ||
| Stool Specimens | 600 | ||
| Blood Specimens | 600 | ||
| Respiratory Secretion Specimens | 602 | ||
| Administration of Medication | 602 | ||
| Determination of Drug Dosage | 602 | ||
| Checking Dosage | 603 | ||
| Identification | 603 | ||
| Preparing the Parents | 603 | ||
| Preparing the Child | 603 | ||
| Oral Administration | 603 | ||
| Preparation | 603 | ||
| Administration | 604 | ||
| Intramuscular Administration | 604 | ||
| Selecting the Syringe and Needle | 604 | ||
| Determining the Site | 605 | ||
| Administration | 605 | ||
| Subcutaneous and Intradermal Administration | 606 | ||
| Intravenous Administration | 608 | ||
| Intravenous Line Placement | 608 | ||
| Peripheral Intermittent Infusion Device | 608 | ||
| Central Venous Access Device | 610 | ||
| Intraosseous Infusion | 612 | ||
| Maintaining Fluid Balance | 612 | ||
| Measurement of Intake and Output | 612 | ||
| Special Needs When the Child Is Not Permitted to Take Fluids by Mouth | 613 | ||
| Parenteral Fluid Therapy | 613 | ||
| Site and Equipment | 613 | ||
| Safety Catheters and Needleless Systems | 614 | ||
| Infusion Pumps | 615 | ||
| Securement of a Peripheral Intravenous Line | 615 | ||
| Removal of a Peripheral Intravenous Line | 616 | ||
| Maintenance | 616 | ||
| Complications | 616 | ||
| Rectal Administration | 617 | ||
| Optic, Otic, and Nasal Administration | 617 | ||
| Aerosol Therapy | 618 | ||
| Family Teaching and Home Care | 618 | ||
| Nasogastric, Orogastric, and Gastrostomy Administration | 619 | ||
| Alternative Feeding Techniques | 619 | ||
| Gavage Feeding | 620 | ||
| Preparations | 620 | ||
| Procedure | 620 | ||
| Gastrostomy Feeding | 622 | ||
| Nasoduodenal and Nasojejunal Tubes | 623 | ||
| Total Parenteral Nutrition | 623 | ||
| Family Teaching and Home Care | 624 | ||
| Procedures Related to Elimination | 624 | ||
| Enema | 624 | ||
| Ostomies | 624 | ||
| Family Teaching and Home Care | 625 | ||
| Procedures for Maintaining Respiratory Function | 625 | ||
| Inhalation Therapy | 625 | ||
| Oxygen Therapy | 625 | ||
| Monitoring Oxygen Therapy | 626 | ||
| End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring | 627 | ||
| Bronchial (Postural) Drainage | 627 | ||
| Chest Physical Therapy | 627 | ||
| Intubation | 627 | ||
| Mechanical Ventilation | 628 | ||
| Tracheostomy | 628 | ||
| Suctioning | 629 | ||
| Routine Care | 630 | ||
| Emergency Care: Tube Occlusion and Accidental Decannulation | 631 | ||
| Chest Tube Procedures | 631 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 633 | ||
| Correct Answers | 633 | ||
| References | 633 | ||
| Unit 9 The Child with Problems Related to the Transfer of Oxygen and Nutrients | 636 | ||
| 21 The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction | 636 | ||
| Respiratory Infections | 636 | ||
| Etiology and Characteristics | 636 | ||
| Infectious Agents | 636 | ||
| Age | 636 | ||
| Size | 636 | ||
| Resistance | 636 | ||
| Seasonal Variations | 636 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 637 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 637 | ||
| Ease Respiratory Efforts | 637 | ||
| Promote Comfort | 639 | ||
| Prevent Spread of Infection | 639 | ||
| Reduce Body Temperature | 640 | ||
| Promote Hydration | 640 | ||
| Observe for Deterioration | 640 | ||
| Provide Nutrition | 640 | ||
| Provide Family Support and Home Care | 640 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infections | 640 | ||
| Acute Viral Nasopharyngitis | 640 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 640 | ||
| Prevention | 641 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 641 | ||
| Family Support | 641 | ||
| Acute Infectious Pharyngitis | 641 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 641 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 642 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 642 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 642 | ||
| Tonsillitis | 643 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 643 | ||
| Etiology | 643 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 643 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 643 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 644 | ||
| Family Support and Home Care | 644 | ||
| Influenza | 644 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 644 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 645 | ||
| Prevention | 645 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 645 | ||
| Otitis Media | 645 | ||
| Etiology | 645 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 645 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 646 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 646 | ||
| Prevention | 647 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 647 | ||
| Infectious Mononucleosis | 647 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 647 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 647 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 647 | ||
| Prognosis | 648 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 648 | ||
| Croup Syndromes | 648 | ||
| Acute Epiglottitis | 648 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 648 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 649 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 649 | ||
| Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis | 650 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 650 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 650 | ||
| Acute Spasmodic Laryngitis | 650 | ||
| Bacterial Tracheitis | 650 | ||
| Therapeutic Management and Nursing Care Management | 651 | ||
| Infections of the Lower Airways | 651 | ||
| Bronchitis | 651 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis | 651 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 651 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 652 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 652 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 652 | ||
| Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection | 653 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 653 | ||
| Pneumonia | 653 | ||
| Viral Pneumonia | 653 | ||
| Primary Atypical Pneumonia | 654 | ||
| Bacterial Pneumonia | 654 | ||
| Complications | 654 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 655 | ||
| Other Infections of the Respiratory Tract | 656 | ||
| Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | 656 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 656 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 657 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 659 | ||
| Prognosis | 659 | ||
| Prevention | 659 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 659 | ||
| Pulmonary Dysfunction Caused by Noninfectious Irritants | 659 | ||
| Foreign Body Aspiration | 659 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 659 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 660 | ||
| Unit 10 The Child with Problems Related to the Production and Circulation of Blood | 738 | ||
| 23 The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction | 738 | ||
| Cardiovascular Dysfunction | 738 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 738 | ||
| Inspection | 738 | ||
| Palpation and Percussion | 738 | ||
| Auscultation | 738 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 739 | ||
| Electrocardiogram | 739 | ||
| Echocardiography | 740 | ||
| Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 740 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 740 | ||
| Preprocedural Care | 740 | ||
| Post-Procedural Care | 741 | ||
| Congenital Heart Disease | 741 | ||
| Circulatory Changes at Birth | 742 | ||
| Altered Hemodynamics | 742 | ||
| Classification of Defects | 743 | ||
| Defects with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow | 743 | ||
| Obstructive Defects | 743 | ||
| Defects with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow | 743 | ||
| Mixed Defects | 743 | ||
| Clinical Consequences of Congenital Heart Disease | 744 | ||
| Heart Failure | 744 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 752 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 752 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 752 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 752 | ||
| Improve Cardiac Function | 752 | ||
| Remove Accumulated Fluid and Sodium | 754 | ||
| Decrease Cardiac Demands | 754 | ||
| Improve Tissue Oxygenation | 754 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 754 | ||
| Assist in Measures to Improve Cardiac Function | 756 | ||
| Monitor Afterload Reduction | 757 | ||
| Decrease Cardiac Demands | 757 | ||
| Reduce Respiratory Distress | 757 | ||
| Maintain Nutritional Status | 757 | ||
| Assist in Measures to Promote Fluid Loss | 758 | ||
| Support Child and Family | 758 | ||
| Hypoxemia | 758 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 758 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 759 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 759 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 760 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Family and Child with Congenital Heart Disease | 760 | ||
| Help the Family Adjust to the Disorder | 760 | ||
| Educate the Family About the Disorder | 761 | ||
| Help the Family Manage the Illness at Home | 762 | ||
| Prepare the Child and Family for Invasive Procedures | 762 | ||
| Provide Postoperative Care | 763 | ||
| Observe Vital Signs | 763 | ||
| Maintain Respiratory Status | 764 | ||
| Monitor Fluids | 764 | ||
| Provide Rest and Progressive Activity | 764 | ||
| Provide Comfort and Emotional Support | 765 | ||
| Plan for Discharge and Home Care | 765 | ||
| Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders | 765 | ||
| Infective Endocarditis | 765 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 766 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 766 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 766 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 766 | ||
| Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease | 767 | ||
| Etiology | 767 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 767 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 768 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 768 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia (Hypercholesterolemia) | 768 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 768 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 769 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 771 | ||
| Cardiac Dysrhythmias | 771 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 772 | ||
| Bradydysrhythmias | 772 | ||
| Tachydysrhythmias | 772 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Hypertension | 773 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 773 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 773 | ||
| Cardiomyopathy | 773 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 774 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 774 | ||
| Heart Transplantation | 774 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 775 | ||
| Vascular Dysfunction | 775 | ||
| Systemic Hypertension | 775 | ||
| Etiology | 775 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 775 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 776 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 776 | ||
| Kawasaki Disease | 776 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 777 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 777 | ||
| Cardiac Involvement | 777 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 777 | ||
| Prognosis | 777 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 778 | ||
| Discharge Teaching | 778 | ||
| Long-Term Follow-Up | 778 | ||
| Shock | 778 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 778 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 779 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 780 | ||
| Ventilatory Support | 780 | ||
| Cardiovascular Support | 780 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 780 | ||
| Anaphylaxis | 780 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 781 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 781 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 781 | ||
| Septic Shock | 781 | ||
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | 783 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 783 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 783 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 783 | ||
| NCLEX Review Questions | 784 | ||
| Correct Answers | 784 | ||
| References | 784 | ||
| 24 The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction | 786 | ||
| Hematologic and Immunologic Dysfunction | 786 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Disorders | 786 | ||
| Anemia | 786 | ||
| Classification | 786 | ||
| Consequences of Anemia | 786 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 786 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 788 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 788 | ||
| Prepare the Child and Family for Laboratory Tests | 788 | ||
| Decrease Tissue Oxygen Needs | 789 | ||
| Prevent Complications | 789 | ||
| Iron-Deficiency Anemia | 789 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 789 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 789 | ||
| Prognosis | 790 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 790 | ||
| Diet | 790 | ||
| Sickle Cell Anemia | 791 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 791 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 791 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 792 | ||
| Prognosis | 795 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 795 | ||
| Educate the Family and Child | 795 | ||
| Promote Supportive Therapies During Crises | 798 | ||
| Recognize Other Complications | 798 | ||
| Support the Family | 798 | ||
| Beta-Thalassemia (Cooley Anemia) | 799 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 799 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 799 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 799 | ||
| Prognosis | 800 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 800 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 800 | ||
| Etiology | 800 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 800 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 800 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 801 | ||
| Defects in Hemostasis | 801 | ||
| Hemophilia | 801 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 801 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 801 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 801 | ||
| Prognosis | 802 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 803 | ||
| Prevent Bleeding | 803 | ||
| Recognize and Control Bleeding | 803 | ||
| Prevent Crippling Effects of Bleeding | 803 | ||
| Support the Family and Prepare for Home Care | 803 | ||
| Immune Thrombocytopenia (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) | 804 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 804 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 804 | ||
| Prognosis | 805 | ||
| Unit 11 The Child with a Disturbance of Regulatory Mechanisms | 845 | ||
| 26 The Child with Genitourinary Dysfunction | 845 | ||
| Genitourinary Dysfunction | 845 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 845 | ||
| Laboratory Tests | 845 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 845 | ||
| Genitourinary Tract Disorders and Defects | 845 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 845 | ||
| Classification | 846 | ||
| Etiology | 846 | ||
| Anatomic and Physical Factors | 846 | ||
| Altered Urine and Bladder Chemistry | 848 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 850 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 851 | ||
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | 851 | ||
| Prognosis | 851 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 851 | ||
| Prevention | 851 | ||
| Obstructive Uropathy | 852 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 852 | ||
| External Defects of the Genitourinary Tract | 853 | ||
| Phimosis | 853 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 853 | ||
| Hydrocele | 853 | ||
| Unit 12 The Child with a Problem that Interferes with Physical Mobility | 943 | ||
| 29 The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction | 943 | ||
| The Immobilized Child | 943 | ||
| Immobilization | 943 | ||
| Physiologic Effects of Immobilization | 943 | ||
| Psychological Effects of Immobilization | 943 | ||
| Effect on Families | 946 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 946 | ||
| Family Support and Home Care | 947 | ||
| Traumatic Injury | 947 | ||
| Soft-Tissue Injury | 947 | ||
| Contusions | 947 | ||
| Dislocations | 947 | ||
| Sprains | 948 | ||
| Strains | 948 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 948 | ||
| Fractures | 948 | ||
| Types of Fractures | 949 | ||
| Growth Plate (Physeal) Injuries | 949 | ||
| Bone Healing and Remodeling | 950 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 950 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 950 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 951 | ||
| The Child in a Cast | 951 | ||
| The Cast | 951 | ||
| Cast Application | 952 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 952 | ||
| Cast Removal | 953 | ||
| The Child in Traction | 954 | ||
| Purposes of Traction | 954 | ||
| Types of Traction | 955 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 955 | ||
| Distraction | 956 | ||
| External Fixation | 956 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 957 | ||
| Amputation | 957 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 958 | ||
| Sports Participation and Injury | 958 | ||
| Overuse Syndromes | 959 | ||
| Stress Fractures | 959 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 959 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Sports for Children and Adolescents | 959 | ||
| Birth and Developmental Defects | 959 | ||
| Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip | 959 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 960 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 960 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 961 | ||
| Newborns to Age 6 Months | 961 | ||
| Ages 6 to 24 Months | 962 | ||
| Older Children | 962 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 962 | ||
| Clubfoot | 963 | ||
| Classification | 963 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 963 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 963 | ||
| Nursing Care Management | 963 | ||
| Metatarsus Adductus (Varus) | 964 | ||
| Answers to Critical Thinking Case Studies | 1007 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 1007 | ||
| Jaundice | 1007 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 1007 | ||
| Food Allergy Anaphylaxis | 1007 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 1007 | ||
| Discussing the Future | 1007 | ||
| Discussing Sexual Orientation With Adolescents | 1007 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 1008 | ||
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | 1008 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1008 | ||
| Prescription Medication Abuse in Adolescence | 1008 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 1008 | ||
| Diagnosis of Down Syndrome | 1008 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 1009 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 1009 | ||
| Playroom and Hospital Procedures | 1009 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 1010 | ||
| Croup Syndrome | 1010 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 1010 | ||
| Diarrhea | 1010 | ||
| Constipation | 1010 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1011 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 1011 | ||
| Cardiac Catheterization | 1011 | ||
| Supraventricular Tachycardia | 1011 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 1011 | ||
| Fever and Neutropenia | 1011 | ||
| Bleeding | 1012 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 1012 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 1012 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 1012 | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | 1012 | ||
| Index | 1013 | ||
| A | 1013 | ||
| B | 1015 | ||
| C | 1016 | ||
| D | 1019 | ||
| E | 1021 | ||
| F | 1022 | ||
| G | 1023 | ||
| H | 1024 | ||
| I | 1026 | ||
| J | 1028 | ||
| K | 1028 | ||
| L | 1028 | ||
| M | 1029 | ||
| N | 1030 | ||
| O | 1032 | ||
| P | 1032 | ||
| Q | 1035 | ||
| R | 1035 | ||
| S | 1036 | ||
| T | 1039 | ||
| U | 1040 | ||
| V | 1041 | ||
| W | 1041 | ||
| X | 1041 | ||
| Y | 1041 | ||
| Z | 1041 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |