BOOK
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Veterinary Technicians - E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Grasp complex concepts and develop fundamental knowledge in the rapidly changing field of veterinary pharmacology with Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Veterinary Technicians, 4th Edition. This accessible, comprehensive text explains how drugs work so you can confidently communicate with clients about current drug therapies. Featuring up-to-date drug information and a new full-color design with added illustrations, tables, and boxes, this thorough resource covers drug uses, abuses, calculation errors, and mistakes.
- Covers complex principles of pharmacology in a manner appropriate for both veterinary technicians and students.
- Provides strong introductory content on safety, terminology, pharmacy procedures, drug handling (including the latest OSHA requirements), dosage calculations, and pharmacokinetics.
- Emphasizes the reasons behind drug properties, actions, and effects — not just lists of facts.
- Valuable clinical applications are interspersed throughout every chapter, and concepts are linked to real-life situations to help reinforce learning.
- Critical thinking and review questions at the end of every chapter help you test comprehension.
- UPDATED and NEW! The most up-to-date information on all drug categories and new content on several drugs.
- NEW! Full-color format with photos and line drawings helps visual learners understand concepts and enhances images’ educational value.
- NEW! Myths and Misconceptions, Ask Dr. Bill, and You Need to Know boxes break up the narrative and spotlight interesting concepts to make information easier to understand.
- NEW! Evolve site with instructor resources, including PowerPoint presentations, test bank questions and answers, an image collection, the answer keys to each chapter’s self-assessment questions, and drug calculation practice exercises.
- NEW! Vet Tech Threads design includes key terms, chapter outlines, and learning objectives, as well as other pedagogical features, to help you grasp key content and navigate through the chapters.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| IFC_Evolve AD | IFC1 | ||
| Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Veterinary Technicians | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Dedication | iii | ||
| Reviewers | iv | ||
| Preface | v | ||
| The Changing Role of Veterinary Technicians | v | ||
| Table Of Contents | vii | ||
| 1 Veterinary Pharmacology and the Veterinary Technician | 1 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 2 | ||
| Role and Responsibilities of Today’s Veterinary Technician and Technologist | 2 | ||
| Why Is Pharmacology Important for Veterinary Technicians? | 2 | ||
| Four Rules to Live by for Safe Drug Usage | 3 | ||
| 2 Pharmacy Procedures and Dosage Calculations | 20 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 20 | ||
| Objectives | 20 | ||
| Key Terms | 21 | ||
| The Goal: The Correct Dose Administered in the Correct Way | 21 | ||
| Understanding the Prescription versus the Drug Order | 22 | ||
| The Drug Order | 22 | ||
| The Prescription | 22 | ||
| Controlled Substances Have Special Requirements | 22 | ||
| The Controlled Substances Log | 23 | ||
| Writing the Drug Order: The Dosage Regimen | 23 | ||
| Dose versus Dosage | 23 | ||
| Dosage Range | 23 | ||
| Abbreviations: The Language of the Drug Order | 26 | ||
| Common Medication Errors | 27 | ||
| The Next Step: Determining the Amount of Drug Needed | 28 | ||
| The Metric, Apothecary, and Household Measurement Systems | 28 | ||
| The Steps for Calculating the Drug Mass Needed | 29 | ||
| Pounds and Kilogram Conversion | 30 | ||
| Know Your Metrics and How to Convert to Different Equivalent Units | 31 | ||
| A Variation on the Dosage: mg of Drug per Square Meter (mg/m2) | 31 | ||
| Understanding the Language to Adjust the Dose | 32 | ||
| Calculating the Amount of Dosage Form Needed | 32 | ||
| Percentage Solutions: A Variation on the Typical Liquid Drug Concentration | 33 | ||
| Determining the Total Number of Dosage Units to Be Dispensed to Fill a Drug Order | 34 | ||
| The Dosage Regimen Calculation Short Cut: Using Long Equations | 35 | ||
| The Most Common Mistake when Calculating Total Tablets to be Dispensed | 37 | ||
| Volume of Liquid Dosage Forms to Be Dispensed | 37 | ||
| Determining the Cost of the Dispensed Medication | 37 | ||
| Compounding Drugs | 38 | ||
| The Dispensing Label and Container | 39 | ||
| Storage of Drugs in the Veterinary Facility | 40 | ||
| Environmental Concerns for Proper Storage | 40 | ||
| Storing and Handling Cytotoxic and Hazardous Drugs | 40 | ||
| As a Veterinary Technician, Set an Example for Staff | 41 | ||
| Training and the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Notebook | 41 | ||
| Accidental Exposure to Cytoxic Drugs and How to Reduce the Risk | 41 | ||
| References | 42 | ||
| Web Resources | 42 | ||
| www.osha.gov | 42 | ||
| www.fda.gov/search.html | 42 | ||
| www.usp.org | 42 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 43 | ||
| 3 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics | 46 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 46 | ||
| Objectives | 46 | ||
| Key Terms | 47 | ||
| The Therapeutic Goal: Drug Concentrations within the Therapeutic Range | 48 | ||
| Balancing Inflow with Outflow | 49 | ||
| The Dosage Regimen and Routes of Administration | 50 | ||
| Loading Dose and Maintenance Dose | 50 | ||
| Total Daily Dose | 50 | ||
| Parenteral Routes of Drug Administration | 51 | ||
| Nonparenteral Routes of Drug Administration | 53 | ||
| How Drugs Move in the Body | 53 | ||
| Passive Diffusion | 53 | ||
| Facilitated Diffusion | 54 | ||
| Active Transport | 55 | ||
| Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis | 55 | ||
| Factors That Affect Rate of Drug Molecule Movement | 55 | ||
| Effect of a Drug’s Lipophilic or Hydrophilic Nature on Drug Molecule Movement | 56 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics: Absorption—Getting Drugs into the Body | 58 | ||
| Drug Absorption and Bioavailability | 58 | ||
| Effect of Route of Administration on Absorption | 58 | ||
| Effect of the Drug’s Chemical Properties on Absorption: Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Drugs | 60 | ||
| Effect of pH of the Environment on Absorption | 60 | ||
| Acid Drugs versus Base Drugs | 61 | ||
| Using the Drug’s pKa to Predict Its Ionized or Nonionized State | 62 | ||
| Ion Trapping and Absorption of Drugs | 63 | ||
| P-Glycoprotein and Drug Absorption from the GI Tract | 64 | ||
| Cytochrome P-450 and Drug Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract | 64 | ||
| Effect of Dissolution and Gastrointestinal Motility on Absorption of Orally Administered Drugs | 64 | ||
| The First-Pass Effect | 66 | ||
| Effect of Perfusion on Absorption of Parenterally Administered Drugs | 66 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics: Drug Distribution | 67 | ||
| Barriers to Drug Distribution | 67 | ||
| Effect of Tissue Perfusion on Drug Distribution | 68 | ||
| Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on Drug Distribution | 69 | ||
| Volume of Distribution | 70 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics: The Way Drugs Exert Their Effects | 71 | ||
| The Drug Is the Key, the Receptor Is the Lock | 71 | ||
| Affinity, Intrinsic Activity, Agonists, Antagonists, Reversal Agents, and Blockers | 72 | ||
| Competitive and Noncompetitive Antagonists | 72 | ||
| Partial Agonists/Partial Antagonists | 73 | ||
| Nonreceptor-Mediated Reactions | 73 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation and Drug Metabolism | 74 | ||
| Drug Interactions Affecting Biotransformation | 74 | ||
| Species and Age Differences in Drug Biotransformation | 75 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination or Excretion | 76 | ||
| Routes of Drug Elimination | 76 | ||
| Renal Elimination of Drugs | 76 | ||
| Hepatic Elimination of Drugs | 78 | ||
| Half-Life and Clearance: Measures of Drug Elimination Rates | 78 | ||
| Relation of Half-Life to Steady-State Concentrations | 79 | ||
| Drug Withdrawal Times | 81 | ||
| Using Concepts of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics | 82 | ||
| References | 82 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 82 | ||
| 4 Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract | 87 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 87 | ||
| Objectives | 87 | ||
| Key Terms | 87 | ||
| Function and Control of the Gastrointestinal Tract | 88 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System Control | 88 | ||
| Emetic Drugs | 90 | ||
| The Vomiting Reflex: The Emetic Center | 90 | ||
| Vomiting and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone | 92 | ||
| Motion Sickness and the Inner Ear | 92 | ||
| Vomiting from Stimulation Elsewhere in the Body | 92 | ||
| Emotional Vomiting | 93 | ||
| Appropriate Use of Emetic Drugs to Induce Vomiting | 93 | ||
| Centrally Acting Emetic Drugs | 94 | ||
| Locally Acting Emetic Drugs | 95 | ||
| Antiemetic Drugs | 95 | ||
| Phenothiazine Tranquilizers | 95 | ||
| Antihistamine Antiemetic Drugs | 96 | ||
| Anticholinergic Antiemetic Drugs | 96 | ||
| Prokinetic Drugs as Antiemetics: Metoclopramide | 96 | ||
| Serotonin Antagonist Antiemetic Drugs | 97 | ||
| Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) Receptor Antagonist Antiemetics | 97 | ||
| Newer Antiemetics Are Always Coming | 98 | ||
| Antidiarrheal Drugs | 98 | ||
| Intestinal Motility in Health and Disease | 98 | ||
| Antidiarrheal Drugs That Work by Modifying Motility | 99 | ||
| Narcotic (Opioid) Antidiarrheals | 99 | ||
| Anticholinergic Drugs as Diarrheals | 100 | ||
| Decreasing Diarrhea by Blocking Secretions | 100 | ||
| Adsorbents and Protectants as Antidiarrheal Agents | 101 | ||
| Laxatives, Cathartics, and Purgatives | 102 | ||
| Laxatives | 102 | ||
| Cathartics | 102 | ||
| Antacids and Antiulcer Drugs | 103 | ||
| Physiology of Stomach Acid Secretion | 103 | ||
| Mucus Production | 104 | ||
| Pepsin Production | 104 | ||
| Drugs Used to Counter Gastric Acidity and Ulcer Formation | 104 | ||
| Nonsystemic Antacids | 105 | ||
| Systemic Antacids | 105 | ||
| Drugs Used for Rumen Health | 106 | ||
| Ruminatorics: Prokinetic Drugs | 106 | ||
| Ionophores | 106 | ||
| Antibloat Medications | 107 | ||
| The Role of Antimicrobials in Gastrointestinal Tract Disease | 107 | ||
| Tylosin (Tylan) | 107 | ||
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | 107 | ||
| Erythromycin | 108 | ||
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) | 108 | ||
| Additional Drugs Used to Treat Gastrointestinal-Related Disease | 108 | ||
| Oral Electrolyte Replacements | 108 | ||
| Pancreatic Enzyme Supplements | 109 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 110 | ||
| References | 110 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 111 | ||
| 5 Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System | 115 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 115 | ||
| Objectives | 115 | ||
| Key Terms | 115 | ||
| Normal Cardiac Function | 116 | ||
| Think of the Heart as Being Two Pumps | 116 | ||
| Electrical Conduction through the Heart | 117 | ||
| What Are Depolarization and Repolarization? | 119 | ||
| Conduction Cells Depolarize Differently From Cardiac Muscle Cells | 121 | ||
| The Refractory Period | 122 | ||
| Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Cardiovascular Function | 122 | ||
| The Sympathetic Nervous System Control of the Cardiovascular System | 122 | ||
| The Parasympathetic Nervous System Control of the Cardiovascular System | 125 | ||
| The Autonomic Tug-of-War | 125 | ||
| Antiarrhythmic Drugs | 125 | ||
| Classify the Arrhythmia to Understand Which Drug to Use | 126 | ||
| Antiarrhythmic Drugs That Inhibit Sodium Influx: The Sodium Channel Blockers | 127 | ||
| β-Blocker Antiarrhythmic Drugs | 128 | ||
| Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs | 129 | ||
| Positive Inotropic Drugs and Inodilators | 130 | ||
| Catecholamines | 130 | ||
| Pimobendan | 130 | ||
| Digoxin | 131 | ||
| Vasodilator Drugs | 132 | ||
| How Does Vasoconstriction Come About in Heart Disease? | 132 | ||
| The Kidney’s Role in Heart Disease: The Renin–Angiotensin System | 133 | ||
| Vasoconstriction’s Role in Systemic Hypertension | 134 | ||
| Principles of Safe Vasodilator Drug Use | 134 | ||
| Arterial Vasodilators: Amlodipine and Hydralazine | 134 | ||
| Venous Vasodilator: Nitroglycerin | 135 | ||
| Mixed Vasodilators: Nitroprusside and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) | 136 | ||
| Diuretics | 137 | ||
| Loop Diuretics: Furosemide | 137 | ||
| Thiazide Diuretics: Chlorothiazide and Hydrochlorothiazide | 138 | ||
| Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone | 138 | ||
| Osmotic Diuretics | 139 | ||
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | 139 | ||
| Other Drugs Used in Treating Cardiovascular Disease | 139 | ||
| Aspirin | 139 | ||
| Sedatives and Tranquilizers | 140 | ||
| References | 140 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 141 | ||
| 6 Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System | 144 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 144 | ||
| Objectives | 144 | ||
| Key Terms | 144 | ||
| The Respiratory System’s Protective Mechanisms | 144 | ||
| Antitussives | 145 | ||
| Butorphanol | 146 | ||
| Hydrocodone | 146 | ||
| Codeine | 146 | ||
| Dextromethorphan | 146 | ||
| Mucolytics, Expectorants, and Decongestants | 147 | ||
| Mucolytics | 147 | ||
| Expectorants | 148 | ||
| Decongestants | 148 | ||
| Bronchodilators | 148 | ||
| What Causes Bronchoconstriction or Asthma? | 148 | ||
| Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Bronchodilators | 149 | ||
| Methylxanthine Bronchodilators | 150 | ||
| Other Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Problems | 150 | ||
| Antimicrobials | 150 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 152 | ||
| Antihistamines | 152 | ||
| Diuretics | 152 | ||
| Oxygen | 153 | ||
| References | 153 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 153 | ||
| 7 Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System | 156 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 156 | ||
| Objectives | 156 | ||
| Key Terms | 156 | ||
| The Negative Feedback System | 157 | ||
| Thyroid Disease and Drug Therapies | 158 | ||
| Normal Thyroid Control | 158 | ||
| Thyroid Disease | 158 | ||
| Drugs Used to Treat Hypothyroidism | 159 | ||
| Additional Clinical Considerations of Hypothyroid Therapy | 159 | ||
| Drugs Used to Treat Hyperthyroidism | 161 | ||
| Additional Clinical Considerations of Hyperthyroid Therapy | 162 | ||
| Endocrine Pancreatic Drugs | 163 | ||
| Types of Insulins | 163 | ||
| Insulin Syringes and Additional Considerations in Using Insulin | 164 | ||
| Other Drugs to Control Diabetes and Drugs to Avoid | 165 | ||
| Drugs Affecting Reproduction | 165 | ||
| Hormonal Control of the Estrous Cycle | 165 | ||
| Hormonal Changes during Pregnancy and Parturition | 167 | ||
| Types of Reproductive Drugs | 167 | ||
| Specific Uses for Reproductive Drugs | 169 | ||
| Drugs Used to Control Estrous Cycling | 169 | ||
| Drugs Used in Foal Heat | 169 | ||
| Drugs Used to Treat Anestrus | 170 | ||
| Drugs Used to Maintain Pregnancy | 170 | ||
| Drugs Used to Prevent Pregnancy | 170 | ||
| Drugs Used to Terminate Pregnancy | 170 | ||
| Other Uses of Reproductive Drugs | 171 | ||
| References | 172 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 172 | ||
| 8 Drugs Affecting the Nervous System | 176 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 176 | ||
| Objectives | 176 | ||
| Key Terms | 176 | ||
| Analgesics | 177 | ||
| The Pain Pathway | 177 | ||
| Opioid Receptors and Their Actions | 178 | ||
| Opioid Analgesic Drugs | 180 | ||
| Opioid Antagonist Drugs | 184 | ||
| Tranquilizers and Sedatives | 184 | ||
| Acepromazine | 184 | ||
| Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers | 185 | ||
| Alpha-2 Agonists | 186 | ||
| Alpha-2 Antagonists | 188 | ||
| Anesthetics | 189 | ||
| Injectable Anesthetics | 189 | ||
| Inhalant Anesthetics | 191 | ||
| Isoflurane | 192 | ||
| Sevoflurane | 192 | ||
| Desflurane | 193 | ||
| Other Anesthetic Gas | 193 | ||
| Nitrous Oxide | 193 | ||
| Central Nervous System Stimulants | 193 | ||
| Methylxanthines | 193 | ||
| Doxapram | 193 | ||
| References | 194 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 195 | ||
| 9 Drugs Affecting the Nervous System | 199 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 199 | ||
| Objectives | 199 | ||
| Key Terms | 199 | ||
| Anticonvulsants | 199 | ||
| Phenobarbital | 200 | ||
| Adverse Effects of Phenobarbital | 201 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 202 | ||
| Bromides | 203 | ||
| Other Anticonvulsants | 203 | ||
| Zonisamide | 203 | ||
| Levetiracetam (Keppra) | 203 | ||
| Gabapentin | 204 | ||
| Primidone | 204 | ||
| Behavior-Modifying Drugs | 204 | ||
| What Are Behavior-Modifying Drugs? | 204 | ||
| Antipsychotic Drugs | 205 | ||
| Antidepressant Drugs | 205 | ||
| Anxiolytic Drugs | 207 | ||
| Other Behavior-Modifying Drugs | 207 | ||
| References | 207 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 208 | ||
| 10 Antimicrobials | 212 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 212 | ||
| Objectives | 212 | ||
| Key Terms | 212 | ||
| Types of Antimicrobials | 213 | ||
| Goal of Antimicrobial Therapy | 213 | ||
| Susceptibility, Resistance, Intermediate, and Breakpoints | 214 | ||
| Resistance of Microorganisms to Antimicrobial Therapy | 215 | ||
| How Does Bacterial Resistance Occur? | 216 | ||
| Selective Pressure, Resistance, and Clinical Disease | 216 | ||
| Resistance and Drug Residues | 217 | ||
| Classification of Antimicrobials by Their Mechanism of Action | 218 | ||
| Classes of Antimicrobials | 219 | ||
| Penicillins | 219 | ||
| Penicillin Pharmacokinetics | 220 | ||
| Penicillin Group Spectra of Activity and Resistance | 220 | ||
| Precautions for Use of Penicillins | 221 | ||
| Considerations for Specific Penicillin Groups | 221 | ||
| Cephalosporins | 223 | ||
| Mechanism of Action for Cephalosporins | 224 | ||
| Precautions for Use of Cephalosporins | 224 | ||
| Aminoglycosides | 224 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 224 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics of Aminoglycosides | 225 | ||
| Precautions for Use of Aminoglycosides | 226 | ||
| Fluoroquinolones or Quinolones | 228 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 228 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics of Quinolones | 228 | ||
| Precautions for Use of Quinolones | 229 | ||
| Tetracyclines | 230 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 230 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics of Tetracyclines | 230 | ||
| Precautions for Use of Tetracyclines | 231 | ||
| Sulfonamides and Potentiated Sulfonamides | 232 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 232 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics of Sulfonamides | 232 | ||
| Precautions for Use of Sulfonamides | 233 | ||
| Other Antimicrobials Used in Veterinary Medicine | 234 | ||
| Lincosamides | 234 | ||
| Macrolides | 234 | ||
| Metronidazole | 235 | ||
| Chloramphenicol and Florfenicol | 236 | ||
| Rifampin | 236 | ||
| Bacitracin | 236 | ||
| Antifungals | 237 | ||
| Amphotericin B | 237 | ||
| Azoles: The Imidazole Derivatives | 237 | ||
| Griseofulvin | 238 | ||
| Terbinafine | 240 | ||
| Nystatin | 240 | ||
| References | 240 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 241 | ||
| 11 Disinfectants and Antiseptics | 246 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 246 | ||
| Objectives | 246 | ||
| Key Terms | 246 | ||
| Terminology Describing Disinfecting Agents | 247 | ||
| Appropriate Use of Disinfecting Agents | 249 | ||
| Selecting an Appropriate Disinfecting Agent | 249 | ||
| Types of Disinfecting Agents | 250 | ||
| Alcohols | 250 | ||
| Halogens: Chlorine Compounds | 250 | ||
| Halogens: Iodine Compounds and Iodophors | 251 | ||
| Biguanides: Chlorhexidine (Nolvasan, Virosan, Hibistat) | 252 | ||
| Aldehydes: Glutaraldehyde | 252 | ||
| Oxidizing Compounds: Hydrogen Peroxide, Peroxymonosulfate | 253 | ||
| Phenols (Lysol) | 253 | ||
| Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 253 | ||
| Other Disinfecting Agents | 254 | ||
| References | 254 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 255 | ||
| 12 Antiparasitics | 258 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 258 | ||
| Objectives | 258 | ||
| Key Terms | 259 | ||
| Challenges With Veterinary Antiparasitic Compounds | 259 | ||
| Keeping Current With New Products | 260 | ||
| Principles and Terminology of Antiparasitic Use | 261 | ||
| Internal Antiparasitics | 262 | ||
| Terminology Used to Describe Internal Antiparasitics | 262 | ||
| Antinematodals | 262 | ||
| Avermectins and Milbemycins (the Macrolides) | 262 | ||
| Ivermectin | 265 | ||
| Selamectin | 266 | ||
| Livestock Macrolides: Doramectin and Eprinomectin | 266 | ||
| Milbemycin Oxime | 266 | ||
| Moxidectin | 266 | ||
| Benzimidazoles | 267 | ||
| Pyrantel | 268 | ||
| Other Antinematodals | 268 | ||
| Emodepside | 268 | ||
| Piperazines | 269 | ||
| Levamisole | 269 | ||
| Anticestodals | 269 | ||
| Praziquantel | 269 | ||
| Epsiprantel | 270 | ||
| Antiparasitics Used in Heartworm Treatment | 270 | ||
| Different Stages, Different Drugs | 271 | ||
| Heartworm Adulticides | 271 | ||
| Heartworm Microfilaricides | 272 | ||
| Heartworm Preventives | 273 | ||
| Doxycycline for Treating Wolbachia | 274 | ||
| Additional Drugs Used in Heartworm Treatment | 274 | ||
| American Heartworm Society 2014 Protocol Recommendation | 275 | ||
| Antiprotozoals | 275 | ||
| Sulfonamides | 275 | ||
| Amprolium | 276 | ||
| Benzimidazoles | 276 | ||
| Metronidazole | 276 | ||
| Clindamycin | 277 | ||
| Ionophores | 277 | ||
| Ponazuril | 277 | ||
| External Antiparasitics | 277 | ||
| Organophosphates and Carbamates | 278 | ||
| Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids | 280 | ||
| Amitraz | 282 | ||
| Macrolides | 283 | ||
| Fipronil | 284 | ||
| Neonicotinoids: Imidacloprid and Nitenpyram | 284 | ||
| Spinosyns: Spinosad and Spinetoram | 285 | ||
| Isoxazolines: Afoxolaner and Fluralaner | 286 | ||
| Indoxacarb | 286 | ||
| Insect Growth Regulators: the Insect Development Inhibitors and Juvenile Hormone Analogs | 286 | ||
| Insect Repellents | 287 | ||
| References | 288 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 289 | ||
| 13 Antiinflammatory Drugs | 295 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 295 | ||
| Objectives | 295 | ||
| Key Terms | 296 | ||
| The Inflammation Pathway | 297 | ||
| Arachidonic Acid Pathway | 297 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 297 | ||
| Mineralocorticoids | 297 | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 298 | ||
| Glucocorticoid Drugs | 299 | ||
| Dosage Formulations of Glucocorticoids | 299 | ||
| Effects of Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid Drugs | 299 | ||
| Disease Caused by Excessive Glucocorticoid Hormone or Glucocorticoid Drugs | 302 | ||
| Safe Use of Glucocorticoids | 302 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 303 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs as Analgesics and Antipyretics | 303 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Precautions and Side Effects | 304 | ||
| The Classic, Nonspecific Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 306 | ||
| The Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 307 | ||
| Other Antiinflammatory Drugs | 309 | ||
| References | 311 | ||
| Self-Assessment | 312 | ||
| Answers to Self Assessment | 317 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 317 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 319 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 322 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 328 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 331 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 336 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 338 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 344 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 348 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 351 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 356 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 358 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 362 | ||
| Glossary | 366 | ||
| A | 366 | ||
| B | 367 | ||
| C | 368 | ||
| D | 369 | ||
| E | 369 | ||
| F | 370 | ||
| G | 370 | ||
| H | 370 | ||
| I | 371 | ||
| K | 371 | ||
| L | 371 | ||
| M | 372 | ||
| N | 372 | ||
| O | 373 | ||
| P | 373 | ||
| R | 374 | ||
| S | 375 | ||
| T | 376 | ||
| U | 377 | ||
| V | 377 | ||
| W | 377 | ||
| X | 377 | ||
| Index | 378 | ||
| A | 378 | ||
| B | 380 | ||
| C | 380 | ||
| D | 382 | ||
| E | 383 | ||
| F | 384 | ||
| G | 384 | ||
| H | 385 | ||
| I | 385 | ||
| J | 386 | ||
| K | 386 | ||
| L | 386 | ||
| M | 386 | ||
| N | 387 | ||
| O | 388 | ||
| P | 388 | ||
| Q | 390 | ||
| R | 390 | ||
| S | 390 | ||
| T | 391 | ||
| U | 392 | ||
| V | 392 | ||
| W | 393 | ||
| X | 393 | ||
| Y | 393 | ||
| Z | 393 |