BOOK
Advances in Neuroscience in Anesthesia and Critical Care, An Issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest edited by W. Andrew Kofke, features contributions by the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care. Topics include: Anesthetics, Neuropathophysiology, CBF Autoregulation and Dysautoregulation, Chronic Pain in Neurosurgery, Anesthesia for Endovascular Approaches to Stroke, Pharmaclologic Innovations in Neuroanesthesia MMM, Intraoperative Monitoring, Brain Oxygen Monitoring, Neuromuscular Disease, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Advances in Neuroscience in Anesthesia and Critical Care\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDTIORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Anesthesiologists as Clinical Neuroscientists—One Future for Our Specialty\r | vii | ||
| Preface: Update in Neuroanesthesia—An Anesthesiology Clinics Issue Affiliated with SNACC\r | vii | ||
| Basic Neuroscience William M. Armstead\r | vii | ||
| General Anesthetics and Neurotoxicity: How Much Do We Know?\r | vii | ||
| Neuropathophysiology of Brain Injury\r | vii | ||
| Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Dysautoregulation\r | vii | ||
| Anesthesia for Neurosurgery and Interventional Radiology Dhanesh K. Gupta | viii | ||
| Chronic Pain in Neurosurgery\r | viii | ||
| Anesthesia for Endovascular Approaches to Acute Ischemic Stroke\r | viii | ||
| Neuromonitoring Martin Smith\r | viii | ||
| Multimodality Neuromonitoring\r | viii | ||
| Intraoperative Monitoring: Recent Advances in Motor Evoked Potentials\r | ix | ||
| Brain Oxygenation Monitoring\r | ix | ||
| Neurocritical Care Michael L. “Luke” James\r | ix | ||
| Controversies in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury\r | ix | ||
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Update\r | x | ||
| Neuromuscular Disease in the Neurointensive Care Unit\r | x | ||
| ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| December 2016 | xi | ||
| March 2017 | xi | ||
| June 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| June 2016 | xi | ||
| March 2016 | xi | ||
| December 2015 | xi | ||
| Foreword:\rAnesthesiologists as Clinical Neuroscientists—One Future for Our Specialty | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rUpdate in Neuroanesthesia—An Anesthesiology Clinics Issue Affiliated with SNACC | xv | ||
| REFERENCES | xvii | ||
| General Anesthetics and Neurotoxicity | 439 | ||
| Key points | 439 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 439 | ||
| THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THEIR RECEPTORS DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT | 439 | ||
| UNPHYSIOLOGIC MODULATION OF THE NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THEIR RECEPTOR SYSTEMS DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT MAY RESULT IN NEUROTO ... | 440 | ||
| THE NEUROTOXIC POTENTIAL OF GENERAL ANESTHETICS IN THE DEVELOPING MAMMALIAN BRAIN | 441 | ||
| THE IMPORTANCE OF ANESTHESIA-INDUCED MODULATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE FORMATION OF NEURONAL NETWORKS | 442 | ||
| EXCESSIVE MODULATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS DURING CRITICAL STAGES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON ANIMAL BEHAVIOR | 442 | ||
| GENERAL ANESTHESIA AND COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANS AFTER CHILDHOOD SURGERY | 446 | ||
| GENERAL ANESTHESIA AND THE AGING BRAIN | 448 | ||
| SUMMARY | 448 | ||
| REFERENCES | 449 | ||
| Neuropathophysiology of Brain Injury | 453 | ||
| Key points | 453 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF INJURY FOLLOWING BRAIN ISCHEMIA | 454 | ||
| Excitotoxicity | 454 | ||
| Acidotoxicity | 454 | ||
| Oxidative Stress | 455 | ||
| Inflammation | 455 | ||
| Apoptosis | 456 | ||
| Translation of these injury mechanisms to neuroprotection in humans | 457 | ||
| INTERCELLULAR INTERACTIONS AND REPAIR | 457 | ||
| Neurovascular Unit | 457 | ||
| Neuroinflammation | 458 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY | 459 | ||
| Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance | 459 | ||
| Synaptic Plasticity | 460 | ||
| Structural Plasticity | 461 | ||
| SUMMARY | 461 | ||
| REFERENCES | 462 | ||
| Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Dysautoregulation | 465 | ||
| Key points | 465 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 465 | ||
| MECHANISM OF AUTOREGULATION | 466 | ||
| METHODS USED FOR ASSESSMENT OF AUTOREGULATION | 466 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF AUTOREGULATION TESTING | 467 | ||
| EFFECT OF ANESTHETICS ON AUTOREGULATION | 467 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: OUTCOME AND TREATMENT | 467 | ||
| ROLE OF AGE AND SEX IN CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION, DYSAUTOREGULATION, AND ITS TREATMENT AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY | 468 | ||
| Clinical Studies | 468 | ||
| Basic Science Studies | 471 | ||
| SUMMARY | 473 | ||
| REFERENCES | 473 | ||
| Chronic Pain in Neurosurgery | 479 | ||
| Key points | 479 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 479 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 481 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 484 | ||
| NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ACETAMINOPHEN | 485 | ||
| Ketamine | 486 | ||
| Lidocaine | 486 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 487 | ||
| Dexmedetomidine | 487 | ||
| Gabapentin and Pregabalin | 487 | ||
| OPIOID MANAGEMENT | 487 | ||
| NONINTRAVENOUS PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 488 | ||
| NEURAXIAL ANESTHESIA FOR LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY OF DISC SURGERY | 488 | ||
| Scalp Block | 489 | ||
| Infiltration | 489 | ||
| SUMMARY | 489 | ||
| REFERENCES | 490 | ||
| Anesthesia for Endovascular Approaches to Acute Ischemic Stroke | 497 | ||
| Key points | 497 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 497 | ||
| ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT | 498 | ||
| HEMODYNAMIC MEASURES | 500 | ||
| NEUROPROTECTION | 502 | ||
| GLYCEMIC CONTROL | 504 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF INTRAVASCULAR TREATMENT OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE | 505 | ||
| REFERENCES | 505 | ||
| Multimodality Neuromonitoring | 511 | ||
| Key points | 511 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 511 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE | 512 | ||
| Intracranial Monitoring Methods | 512 | ||
| Indications for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 513 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure Monitoring–Guided Treatment | 513 | ||
| Cerebral Perfusion Pressure | 515 | ||
| Cerebral Perfusion Pressure–Guided Treatment | 515 | ||
| CEREBROVASCULAR REACTIVITY | 515 | ||
| Pressure Reactivity Index | 516 | ||
| Other Autoregulatory Indices | 516 | ||
| Autoregulation-Guided Treatment | 516 | ||
| CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW MONITORING | 517 | ||
| Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography | 517 | ||
| Indications | 517 | ||
| Thermal Diffusion Flowmetry | 518 | ||
| CEREBRAL MICRODIALYSIS | 518 | ||
| Interpretation of Cerebral Microdialysis Variables | 518 | ||
| Indications for Cerebral Microdialysis Monitoring | 519 | ||
| Reference Values and Thresholds for Intervention | 519 | ||
| Future Perspectives | 520 | ||
| NEUROINFORMATICS | 520 | ||
| SUMMARY | 520 | ||
| REFERENCES | 521 | ||
| Intraoperative Monitoring | 525 | ||
| Key points | 525 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 525 | ||
| MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIAL TECHNIQUES | 526 | ||
| THE CORTICOSPINAL TRACT | 527 | ||
| THE CORTICOBULBAR PATHWAY | 528 | ||
| RECORDING D-WAVE RESPONSES | 528 | ||
| RECORDING MUSCLE RESPONSES | 528 | ||
| DIRECT CORTICAL STIMULATION | 529 | ||
| MONITORING AND MAPPING THE MOTOR CORTEX | 529 | ||
| MONITORING INTRACRANIAL VASCULAR LESIONS | 530 | ||
| MAPPING AND MONITORING SUBCORTICAL PATHOLOGY | 530 | ||
| MAPPING AND MONITORING THE BRAINSTEM | 530 | ||
| MONITORING SPINAL SURGERY | 531 | ||
| MONITORING INTRAMEDULLARY SPINAL CORD TUMORS | 532 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCING MOTOR STIMULATION TECHNIQUES | 532 | ||
| MONITORING DURING PARTIAL NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE | 533 | ||
| SUMMARY | 533 | ||
| REFERENCES | 533 | ||
| Brain Oxygenation Monitoring | 537 | ||
| Key points | 537 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 537 | ||
| METHODS OF MONITORING CEREBRAL OXYGENATION | 538 | ||
| Imaging Techniques | 538 | ||
| Jugular Venous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring | 538 | ||
| Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension Monitoring | 539 | ||
| Technical aspects | 539 | ||
| Indications for brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring | 541 | ||
| Normal brain tissue oxygen tension values and thresholds for treatment | 541 | ||
| Management of low brain tissue oxygen tension | 544 | ||
| Evidence for brain tissue oxygen tension–guided therapy on outcomes | 544 | ||
| Near-infrared Spectroscopy | 548 | ||
| Technical aspects | 548 | ||
| Indications | 549 | ||
| Normal regional cerebral oxygen saturation values and thresholds for treatment | 549 | ||
| Evidence of near-infrared spectroscopy–guided therapy on outcomes | 549 | ||
| FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 551 | ||
| SUMMARY | 552 | ||
| REFERENCES | 552 | ||
| Controversies in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury | 557 | ||
| Key points | 557 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 557 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 558 | ||
| Autoregulation | 558 | ||
| Phases of Brain Injury | 559 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 559 | ||
| Head Injury Classification Based on Clinical Examination | 559 | ||
| Glasgow Coma Scale | 559 | ||
| Pupil reactivity | 560 | ||
| Head Injury Classification Based on Imaging | 562 | ||
| Marshall Classification | 562 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 564 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure and Multimodal Monitoring | 564 | ||
| Osmotherapy | 566 | ||
| Hypothermia | 567 | ||
| Decompressive Craniectomy | 567 | ||
| Steroids | 568 | ||
| Tranexamic Acid | 568 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 569 | ||
| Glasgow Outcome Scale and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale | 569 | ||
| Modified Rankin Scale | 570 | ||
| Outcomes After Publication of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines | 571 | ||
| REFERENCES | 571 | ||
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 577 | ||
| Key points | 577 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 577 | ||
| MANAGEMENT BEFORE ANEURYSM OBLITERATION | 578 | ||
| Antifibrinolytics: A Resurgence? | 579 | ||
| ANEURYSM OBLITERATION | 587 | ||
| Endovascular Evolution | 587 | ||
| COILING | 587 | ||
| Balloon-assisted Coiling | 588 | ||
| Stent-assisted Coiling | 588 | ||
| Flow Diversion | 589 | ||
| NEUROCRITICAL CARE | 589 | ||
| Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema | 589 | ||
| Stress Cardiomyopathy | 591 | ||
| Pituitary Dysfunction | 592 | ||
| Disorders of Sodium | 592 | ||
| DELAYED CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA | 593 | ||
| Cortical Spreading Depolarization | 593 | ||
| Microthrombi | 594 | ||
| Dysfunctional Cerebral Autoregulation | 594 | ||
| THERAPIES | 594 | ||
| Euvolemic Hypertensive Therapy | 594 | ||
| Calcium Channel Blockers | 595 | ||
| Statins | 595 | ||
| Glucose Management | 595 | ||
| SUMMARY | 596 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 596 | ||
| REFERENCES | 596 | ||
| Index | 621 |