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Pickwell's Binocular Vision Anomalies E-Book

Pickwell's Binocular Vision Anomalies E-Book

Bruce J. W. Evans

(2007)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States.
Going from strength to strength, this best-selling book on binocular vision anomalies is now in its fifth edition. Maintaining its popular and practical ‘how-to' approach, it has been thoroughly updated and expanded to provide an excellent practice reference for all optometrists, orthoptists, ophthalmologists and dispensing opticians. Now with an easy-to-use 2 colour layout and redrawn diagrams the new edition is more accessible than ever. Covering the latest evidence-based research it provides an emphasis on the clinical applications for every eyecare practitioner.

  • Still a must-have classic - this is THE definitive reference work on binocular vision disorders
  • Comprehensive theory is rooted in reality, for use from study into clinical practice
  • Enlarged, enhanced, authoritative and erudite
  • Includes a CD-ROM
  • Thorough revisions on routine examination including the latest testing routines.
  • New material on the development of visual functions in children.
  • Recent key research on heterophoria including the latest computerized exercise methods.
  • Important clinico-legal case studies in amblyopia and the latest evidence-based accounts of the condition.
  • Extensive updating on strabismus.
  • Fresh text design using a second colour for both text and diagrams.
  • Updated CD with more clips and an invaluable incomitancy presentation and quiz.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Pickwell’s Binocular Vision Anomalies iii
Copyright Page iv
Contents v
Preface vii
Preface to the first edition ix
1 Investigation 1
1 Nature of binocular vision anomalies 2
Introduction 2
Comitancy 4
Classification of heterophoria 6
Classification of strabismus 8
Importance of classification 10
2 Detecting binocular vision anomalies in primary eyecare practice 12
Introduction 12
Preliminary details 14
History and symptoms 14
Acuity or unaided vision 17
Ocular motor investigation 18
Sensory investigation 33
External and ophthalmoscopic examinations 34
Retinoscopy and subjective refraction 35
Measurement and assessment of deviation 36
The dominant eye 37
3 Examination of young children 39
Objectives 39
Active pathology 40
Development of vision 40
Examination 46
Management 55
2 Heterophoria 57
4 Evaluation of heterophoria 58
Factors affecting compensation 58
Diagnosis of decompensated heterophoria 61
5 Binocular instability 92
Historical perspective 92
Investigation 93
Evaluation 94
Management 97
Summary of the diagnosis of decompensated heterophoria and binocular instability 98
6 Management of heterophoria: basic principles 99
Removal of cause of decompensation 100
Refractive correction 100
Eye exercises 103
Prism relief 105
Referral 107
Summary 107
7 Esophoric conditions 109
Divergence weakness esophoria 109
Convergence excess esophoria 112
8 Exophoric conditions 117
Basic and convergence weakness exophoria 118
Divergence excess 122
Convergence insufficiency 125
Concluding remarks on patient selection formanagement options 131
9 Hyperphoria and cyclophoria 133
Secondary hyperphoria 133
Primary hyperphoria 134
Cyclophoria 137
10 Eye exercises for heterophoria 138
Development of fusional reserves and relative accommodation 139
Exercises that train accommodation and convergence in their usual relationship 149
Exercises for treatment of central suppression 151
An example of combined exercises: the IFS exercises 156
11 Anisometropia and aniseikonia 163
Prismatic effects 164
Aniseikonia due to spectacle magnification differences 165
Other types of aniseikonia 169
3 Strabismus 171
12 Overview of sensory changes in strabismus 172
Binocular sensory changes in strabismus 172
Monocular sensory changes in strabismus 179
13 Amblyopia and eccentric fixation 181
Amblyopia 181
Eccentric fixation 193
Evaluation, prognosis and management of amblyopia 196
14 Techniques in the investigation and management of comitant strabismus 219
When to treat comitant strabismus 219
Diplopia 220
The investigation of binocular sensory adaptations to strabismus 231
The evaluation and management of suppression 238
The evaluation and management of HARC 241
Treatment of the motor deviation 246
15 Overview of the management of strabismus 251
Time of onset 253
Strabismus with an onset in first year 253
Strabismus with an onset after first year 255
16 Microtropia 263
Classification 263
Clinical characteristics 263
Investigation and diagnosis 265
Management 268
4 Incomitant deviations and nystagmus 271
17 Incomitant deviations 272
Nature of incomitant deviations 272
Investigation 280
Management 317
18 Nystagmus 323
Introduction 323
Investigation 327
Evaluation 330
Management 330
Appendices 339
1 Confusing aspects of binocular vision tests 340
2 Worksheet for investigation of infant/toddler 342
3 Worksheet for diagnosis of decompensatedheterophoria 345
4 Specific learning difficulties (dyslexia) 347
5 Worksheet for the investigation of strabismus 348
6 Worksheet for the investigation of amblyopia 350
7 Treatment of amblyopia 351
8 Worksheet for the investigation of incomitancy 352
9 Investigation of reduced visual acuity from a suspectedvisual conversion reaction 355
10 Norms and formulae 356
11 Equipment suppliers 358
12 Preparation for professional examinations 360
13 Guide to the companion website 366
Glossary 367
References 386
Index 433
Elsevier CD-ROM Licence Agreement 449
System Requirements for the CD-ROM 454
Back Cover Backcover