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Netter’s Introduction to Clinical Procedures E-Book

Netter’s Introduction to Clinical Procedures E-Book

Marios Loukas | R. Shane Tubbs | Joseph Feldman

(2016)

Additional Information

Abstract

Written with the student in mind, Netter's Introduction to Clinical Procedures, by Drs. Marios Loukas, R. Shane Tubbs, and Joseph Feldman, uses the well-known Netter anatomy art as a foundation for reinforcing the relevant clinical anatomy needed to successfully understand and perform basic procedures. Learn the practical application of this knowledge with step-by-step guides incorporating concise text, images, and animation.

  • Didactic Netter illustrations provide clear informative visuals for quick understanding of anatomical relationships.
  • Concise explanations enhance understanding of clinical underpinnings and implications.
  • More than 30 common clinical procedures are explained and demonstrated with step-by-step illustrations.
  • Multiple choice questions reinforce key concepts and challenge your knowledge.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
IFC ES1
Video Contents i
NETTER’S INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PROCEDURES iii
Copyright iv
Dedication v
About the Editors vii
About the Artists ix
Preface x
Editors and Contributors xi
EDITORS xi
IMAGING AND VIDEO CONTRIBUTORS xi
CONTRIBUTORS xi
Reviewers xv
Chapters by Anatomic Region xvi
Contents xvii
Introduction xviii
INFORMED CONSENT xviii
PERSONAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS, NEEDLESTICK AVOIDANCE, ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES, TIME OUT 1
Time Out 1
Suggested Readings 1
1. Airway/Breathing 2
1 - ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION\r 2
INTRODUCTION 2
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 2
INDICATIONS 5
CONTRAINDICATIONS 5
Difficult Airway 5
LEMON Rule 5
EQUIPMENT 5
PROCEDURE 6
Rapid Sequence Intubation 6
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 6
COMPLICATIONS 8
CONCLUSION 8
Suggested Readings 8
REVIEW QUESTIONS 8
2 - INTERCOSTAL NERVE BLOCK\r 9
INTRODUCTION 9
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 9
INDICATIONS 9
CONTRAINDICATIONS 9
EQUIPMENT 9
PROCEDURE 12
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 12
COMPLICATIONS 12
CONCLUSION 12
Suggested Readings 14
REVIEW QUESTIONS 14
3 - MASK VENTILATION\r 15
INTRODUCTION 15
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 15
Anatomy of the Airway 15
Assessment of the Patient’s Anatomy 15
INDICATIONS 15
Respiratory Effort 15
Airway Obstruction 15
CONTRAINDICATIONS 18
EQUIPMENT 18
PROCEDURE 18
Opening the Airway 18
Sealing the Mask 18
COMPLICATIONS 18
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 18
CONCLUSION 20
Suggested Readings 20
REVIEW QUESTIONS 20
4 - THORACOSTOMY\r 21
INTRODUCTION\r 21
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 21
INDICATIONS 25
Diagnostic Chest Tube Thoracostomy 25
Therapeutic Chest Tube Thoracostomy 25
CONTRAINDICATIONS 25
EQUIPMENT 25
PROCEDURE 25
Alternative Methods 26
Seldinger Technique 26
Trocar Method 26
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 26
Collateral Nerves and Vessels 26
Long Thoracic Nerve 26
COMPLICATIONS 28
CONCLUSION 28
Suggested Readings 28
REVIEW QUESTIONS 28
5 - THORACENTESIS\r 29
INTRODUCTION 29
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 29
Boundaries 29
Viscera 29
Pleurae and Pleural Cavity 29
Musculature 29
Neurovascular Structures 32
INDICATIONS 32
CONTRAINDICATIONS 32
EQUIPMENT 32
PROCEDURE 32
Prior to Procedure 32
Patient Positioning 32
Ultrasonography 32
Site Verification 34
Procedural Steps 34
Postprocedure 34
Fluid Analysis 34
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 34
COMPLICATIONS 36
CONCLUSION 36
Suggested Readings 36
REVIEW QUESTIONS 36
6 - TRACHEOSTOMY, TRACHEOTOMY, CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY\r 37
INTRODUCTION 37
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 37
INDICATIONS 37
CONTRAINDICATIONS 37
Tracheotomy 37
EQUIPMENT 38
Tracheotomy 38
2. Circulation and Vascular Access 45
7 - CARDIAC PACING\r 45
INTRODUCTION 45
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY FOR TRANSVENOUS PLACEMENT 45
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY 45
INDICATIONS 45
CONTRAINDICATIONS 48
PHARMACOLOGIC PACING 48
TRANSCUTANEOUS PACING 48
TRANSVENOUS PACING 48
EQUIPMENT 48
PROCEDURE 50
Central Venous Access 50
Transvenous Pacemaker Placement 50
Additional Pacing Techniques 50
Transesophageal Pacing 50
Epicardial Pacing 52
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 52
COMPLICATIONS 52
Transcutaneous Pacing 52
Transvenous Pacing 52
CONCLUSION 52
Suggested Readings 52
REVIEW QUESTIONS 52
8 - CARDIOVERSION AND DEFIBRILLATION\r 54
INTRODUCTION 54
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 54
INDICATIONS 54
CONTRAINDICATIONS 57
METHODS 57
Manual External Defibrillator 57
Manual Internal Defibrillator 57
Automated External Defibrillator 57
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator 57
EQUIPMENT 57
PROCEDURE 58
Energy Selection 58
Synchronized Cardioversion 58
Supraventricular Tachycardia and Atrial Flutter 58
Atrial Fibrillation 58
Ventricular Tachycardia 58
Ventricular Fibrillation 60
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 60
COMPLICATIONS 60
CONCLUSIONS 60
Suggested Readings 60
REVIEW QUESTIONS 60
9 - DIAGNOSTIC PERITONEAL LAVAGE 61
INTRODUCTION 61
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 61
Incisional Anatomy 61
INDICATIONS 61
CONTRAINDICATIONS 61
EQUIPMENT 64
PROCEDURE 64
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 64
COMPLICATIONS 64
CONCLUSION 64
Suggested Readings 66
REVIEW QUESTIONS 66
10 - EXTENDED FOCUSED ASSESSMENT WITH SONOGRAPHY FOR TRAUMA 67
INTRODUCTION 67
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 67
INDICATIONS 67
CONTRAINDICATIONS 67
EQUIPMENT 67
PROCEDURE 68
Pericardial Examination 68
Right Flank Examination 70
Left Flank Examination 71
Suprapubic Examination 72
Thoracic Examination 73
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 73
COMPLICATIONS 73
CONCLUSION 74
Suggested Readings 74
REVIEW QUESTIONS 74
11 - FASCIOTOMY 75
INTRODUCTION 75
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME 75
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 75
Leg 75
Anterior Compartment 76
Lateral Compartment 76
Posterior Compartment 77
Forearm 77
Extensor Compartment 77
Flexor Compartment 79
INDICATIONS 79
CONTRAINDICATIONS 79
EQUIPMENT 79
PROCEDURE 79
Leg Fasciotomy: Double Incision 79
Forearm Fasciotomy 81
COMPLICATIONS 82
CONCLUSIONS 82
Suggested Readings 82
REVIEW QUESTIONS 82
12 - NOSEBLEED MANAGEMENT 84
INTRODUCTION 84
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 84
INDICATIONS 84
CONTRAINDICATIONS 84
EQUIPMENT 86
PROCEDURE 86
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 86
COMPLICATIONS 86
CONCLUSION 86
Suggested Readings 88
REVIEW QUESTIONS 88
13 - PERICARDIOCENTESIS 89
INTRODUCTION 89
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 89
Electrocardiographic Changes 89
INDICATIONS 91
Diagnostic Pericardiocentesis 91
Therapeutic Pericardiocentesis 91
CONTRAINDICATIONS 91
EQUIPMENT 91
PROCEDURE 91
Parasternal Approach 91
Alternative Methods 92
Subxiphoid Approach 92
Apical Approach 92
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 92
Xiphoid Process 92
Pericardium 92
Liver 92
Right Ventricle and Marginal Artery 92
Direction of Needle 94
COMPLICATIONS 94
CONCLUSION 94
Suggested Readings 94
REVIEW QUESTIONS 94
14 - CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERIZATION 96
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 96
Subclavian Vein 96
Internal Jugular Vein 96
Femoral Vein 96
INDICATIONS 96
CONTRAINDICATIONS 98
EQUIPMENT 98
PROCEDURE 98
Subclavian Vein 98
Internal Jugular Vein 100
Femoral Vein 100
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 100
COMPLICATIONS 100
CONCLUSION 101
Suggested Readings 102
REVIEW QUESTIONS 103
15 - PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL LINE PLACEMENT 104
INTRODUCTION 104
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 104
INDICATIONS 104
CONTRAINDICATIONS 104
EQUIPMENT 104
PROCEDURE 104
Ultrasound 104
Allen Test 104
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 108
COMPLICATIONS 108
CONCLUSIONS 108
Suggested Readings 110
REVIEW QUESTIONS 110
16 - PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION 111
INTRODUCTION 111
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 111
Veins in the Dorsal Hand and Forearm 111
Veins in the Ventral Forearm 111
INDICATIONS 111
CONTRAINDICATIONS 112
EQUIPMENT 113
PROCEDURE 113
Preparation 113
Landmark Approach 114
Ultrasound-Guided Placement 114
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 116
Dorsal Hand 116
Ventral Forearm 116
COMPLICATIONS 116
CONCLUSION 117
Suggested Readings 117
REVIEW QUESTIONS 117
17 - Venous Cutdown 118
INTRODUCTION 118
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 118
Great Saphenous Vein 118
Basilic Vein 118
Cephalic and Brachial Veins 118
INDICATIONS 122
CONTRAINDICATIONS 122
EQUIPMENT 122
PROCEDURE 122
Distal Great Saphenous Vein 122
Proximal Great Saphenous Vein 122
Forearm Veins 123
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 123
COMPLICATIONS 123
Hemorrhage 123
Infection 123
Neurovascular Injury 123
CONCLUSION 124
Suggested Readings 124
REVIEW QUESTIONS 125
3. Dislocations and PainManagement 126
18 - Dislocated Hip Reduction 126
INTRODUCTION 126
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 126
INDICATIONS 126
CONTRAINDICATIONS 126
EQUIPMENT 128
PROCEDURES 128
Allis Maneuver 129
Stimson Maneuver 130
Alternate Methods 130
Dahners and Hundley Modification of Skoff’s Technique 130
Modification of the Stimson Maneuver 130
Lefkowitz Maneuver 130
East Baltimore Lift 130
Modification of Allis Maneuver for Reduction of an Anterior-Inferior Hip Dislocation 131
Reduction of an Anterior-Superior Hip Dislocation 131
Assessment After Hip Reduction 131
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 131
COMPLICATIONS 131
CONCLUSIONS 131
Suggested Readings 131
REVIEW QUESTIONS 131
19 - Dislocated Finger Reduction 133
INTRODUCTION 133
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 133
INDICATIONS 133
CONTRAINDICATIONS 133
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 133
Dorsal PIP Dislocations 133
Palmar and Lateral PIP Dislocations 133
EQUIPMENT 136
PROCEDURE 136
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 136
COMPLICATIONS 136
CONCLUSIONS 136
Suggested Readings 138
REVIEW QUESTIONS 138
20 - Dislocated Knee Reduction 139
INTRODUCTION 139
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 139
INDICATIONS 139
CONTRAINDICATIONS 140
EQUIPMENT 140
PROCEDURE 141
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 142
COMPLICATIONS 142
CONCLUSIONS 142
Suggested Readings 142
REVIEW QUESTIONS 142
21 - Dislocated Shoulder Joint Reduction 144
INTRODUCTION 144
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 144
INDICATIONS 144
CONTRAINDICATIONS 144
Absolute Contraindications 144
Relative Contraindications 144
EQUIPMENT 144
PROCEDURE 144
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Reduction Techniques 148
Scapular Manipulation 148
Upright Best-of-Both Maneuver 148
Lateral Rotation Maneuver 148
Milch Maneuver 148
Stimson Technique 149
Traction-Countertraction Technique 149
Spaso Maneuver 149
Other Techniques 149
Orthopedic Consultation 150
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 150
COMPLICATIONS 150
CONCLUSION 150
Suggested Readings 150
REVIEW QUESTIONS 150
22 - Occipital Nerve Block 152
INTRODUCTION 152
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 152
INDICATIONS 152
CONTRAINDICATIONS 153
EQUIPMENT 153
PROCEDURE 153
Locating the Greater Occipital Nerve 153
Locating the Lesser Occipital Nerve 153
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 154
COMPLICATIONS 154
CONCLUSIONS 154
Suggested Readings 154
REVIEW QUESTIONS 154
23 - Digital Nerve Block 156
INTRODUCTION 156
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 156
INDICATIONS 156
CONTRAINDICATIONS 156
EQUIPMENT 156
PROCEDURE 158
Three-Sided Toe Block 159
Four-Sided Ring Block 159
Unilateral Digital Block 159
Wing Block 160
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 160
COMPLICATIONS 160
CONCLUSION 160
Suggested Readings 160
REVIEW QUESTIONS 161
24 - Dental Nerve Blocks 162
INTRODUCTION 162
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 163
INDICATIONS 163
CONTRAINDICATIONS 163
EQUIPMENT 163
PROCEDURE 165
SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK 165
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block 166
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 166
COMPLICATIONS 166
Anesthetic Access 166
Dental Trauma 167
Odontogenic Infections 167
CONCLUSION 167
Suggested Readings 167
REVIEW QUESTIONS 167
4. Removal of Fluid, Infection,and Foreign Bodies 168
25 - Abdominal Paracentesis 168
INTRODUCTION 168
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 168
INDICATIONS 171
CONTRAINDICATIONS 171
EQUIPMENT 171
PROCEDURE 171
Z-Track Technique 172
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 172
COMPLICATIONS 172
CONCLUSION 174
Suggested Readings 174
REVIEW QUESTIONS 174
26 - Auricular Hematoma Drainage 175
INTRODUCTION 175
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 175
INDICATIONS 178
CONTRAINDICATIONS 178
EQUIPMENT 178
PROCEDURE 178
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 178
COMPLICATIONS 178
CONCLUSION 178
Suggested Readings 180
REVIEW QUESTIONS 180
27 - Cerumen Removal 181
INTRODUCTION 181
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 181
INDICATIONS 181
CONTRAINDICATIONS 181
EQUIPMENT 181
PROCEDURE 182
Ear Irrigation 182
Blunt Ear Curettes 184
Endoscopy 184
ANATOMICAL PITFALLS 185
COMPLICATIONS 185
CONCLUSION 185
Suggested Readings 185
REVIEW QUESTIONS 185
28 - Ear and Nose Foreign Body Removal 186
INTRODUCTION 186
CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANATOMY 186
A - Answers to Review Questions\r 257
Chapter 1. Endotracheal Intubation 257
Chapter 2. Intercostal Nerve Block 257
Chapter 3. Mask Ventilation 257
Chapter 4. Thoracostomy 257
Chapter 5. Thoracentesis 258
Chapter 6. Tracheostomy, Tracheotomy, Cricothyroidotomy 258
Chapter 7. Cardiac Pacing 258
CHAPTER 8. Cardioversion and Defibrillation 258
CHAPTER 9. Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage 259
CHAPTER 10. Extended Focused Assessment With Sonography forTrauma 259
Chapter 11. Fasciotomy 259
CHAPTER 12. Nosebleed Management 260
Chapter 13. Pericardiocentesis 260
CHAPTER 14. Central Venous Catheterization 260
CHAPTER 15. Peripheral Arterial Line Placement 260
CHAPTER 16. Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation 261
Chapter 17. Venous Cutdown 261
CHAPTER 18. Dislocated Hip Reduction 261
Chapter 19. Dislocated Finger Reduction 261
CHAPTER 20. Dislocated Knee Reduction 262
CHAPTER 21. Dislocated Shoulder Joint Reduction 262
CHAPTER 22. Occipital Nerve Block 263
Chapter 23. Digital Nerve Block 263
Chapter 24. Dental Nerve Blocks 263
CHAPTER 25. Abdominal Paracentesis 263
CHAPTER 26. Auricular Hematoma Drainage 264
Chapter 27. Cerumen Removal 264
CHAPTER 28. Ear and Nose Foreign Body Removal 264
Chapter 29. Burr Hole Craniotomy 264
Chapter 30. Elbow Joint Aspiration 265
CHAPTER 31. Ingrown Toenail Removal 265
Chapter 32. Knee Joint Aspiration 265
Chapter 33. Lumbar Puncture 265
Chapter 34. Nasogastric Tube Placement 266
CHAPTER 35. Paronychia Incision and Drainage 266
CHAPTER 36. Skin Abscess Incision and Drainage 266
CHAPTER 37. Shoulder Joint Aspiration 266
CHAPTER 38. Transurethral (Foley Catheter) and Suprapubic Urinary Bladder Catheterization 266
Index 269
A 269
B 270
C 270
D 271
E 271
F 272
G 272
H 273
I 273
J 274
K 274
L 274
M 274
N 275
O 275
P 275
Q 276
R 276
S 277
T 278
U 279
V 279
W 280
X 280
Z 280