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Allergy Primer for Primary Care, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, E-Book

Allergy Primer for Primary Care, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, E-Book

Michael A. Malone

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, guest edited by Dr. Michael Malone, is devoted to Allergy Primer for Primary Care. Articles in this issue include: Indoor and Outdoor Allergies; Food Allergies; Insect Allergy; Drug Allergy; Allergic Dermatoses; Allergic Rhinitis; Respiratory Allergic Disorders; Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders; Mastocytosis; Allergy Testing; Allergy Immunotherapy; Anaphylaxis; and Complementary and Alternative Treatment for Allergic Conditions.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Allergy Primer for Primary Care\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Foreword: “Lifesavers”\r vii
Preface: Allergy Primer for Primary Care\r vii
Allergy Testing\r vii
Food Allergies\r vii
Drug Allergy\r vii
Respiratory Allergic Disorders\r viii
Insect Allergy\r viii
Allergic Dermatoses\r viii
Indoor and Outdoor Allergies\r viii
Allergic Rhinitis\r ix
Anaphylaxis\r ix
Allergen Immunotherapy\r ix
Eosinophilic Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract\r ix
Mastocytosis\r x
Complementary and Alternative Treatment for Allergic Conditions\r x
PRIMARY CARE:\rCLINICS IN OFFICE PRACTICE\rFORTHCOMING ISSUES\r xi
FORTHCOMING ISSUES xi
December 2016 xi
March 2017 xi
June 2017 xi
RECENT ISSUES xi
June 2016 xi
March 2016 xi
December 2015 xi
Foreword:\r“Lifesavers” xiii
Preface:\rAllergy Primer for Primary Care xv
Erratum xvii
Allergy Testing 363
Key points 363
INTRODUCTION 363
SKIN PRICK TESTING 363
CONTRAINDICATIONS 364
FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESULTS 365
FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESULTS: MEDICATIONS 365
RISKS 367
SKIN PRICK: INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 367
INTRADERMAL TEST 367
IN VITRO TESTING 369
PATCH TESTING 369
SUMMARY 370
REFERENCES 372
Food Allergies 375
Key points 375
INTRODUCTION 375
What Are Food Allergies? 375
PREVENTION 376
Common Food Allergens 378
FOOD ALLERGY SYMPTOMS 378
SPECIFIC FOOD ALLERGIES 382
Nut Allergies 382
Milk Allergies 383
Risk Reduction Strategies 384
Milk 384
Milk products 384
Risk Reduction Strategies: Egg 384
DIAGNOSIS 386
Food Allergen Challenge Test 386
TREATMENT OF FOOD ALLERGIES 388
Strategies Designed to Alter the Immune Response to Food Allergens 389
REFERENCES 389
Drug Allergy 393
Key points 393
INTRODUCTION/EPIDEMIOLOGY 393
RISK FACTORS 394
BASIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 394
MECHANISMS OF DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS 395
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 397
DIAGNOSIS 397
TREATMENT 398
MANAGEMENT 398
PREVENTION 400
REFERENCES 400
Respiratory Allergic Disorders 401
Key points 401
ALLERGIC ASTHMA 401
Introduction 401
Epidemiology/Pathophysiology 402
Clinical Presentation/Diagnosis 402
Management/Treatment 403
ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS 405
Introduction 405
Epidemiology 405
Clinical Presentation 405
Radiographic Features 406
Pulmonary Testing 406
Diagnosis 406
Management/Treatment 407
HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS 407
Introduction 407
Epidemiology 408
Clinical Presentation 408
Classification 409
Diagnosis 409
Diagnostic Criteria 409
Definite hypersensitivity pneumonitis 410
Management 410
Treatment 410
Prognosis 410
REFERENCES 411
Insect Allergy 417
Key points 417
INTRODUCTION 417
BACKGROUND 417
EPIDEMIOLOGY 418
RISK FACTORS 418
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 418
MOSQUITOES 420
TICKS 420
FLIES 421
FLEAS 421
BITING MIDGES 421
BEE AND WASP STINGS 421
DIAGNOSIS 422
MEDICAL HISTORY 423
IDENTIFICATION OF INSECT 424
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 425
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 426
MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT 427
PREVENTION: VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY 427
REFERENCES 429
Allergic Dermatoses 433
Key points 433
INTRODUCTION 433
ATOPIC DERMATITIS 433
Background 433
Clinical Symptoms and Signs 434
Diagnosis 434
Treatment 435
Emollients/moisturizers 437
Topical corticosteroids 437
Calcineurin inhibitors 437
Antibiotics 437
Antihistamines 437
Immunosuppressive agents and ultraviolet phototherapy 437
Complementary and alternative treatment 437
Prognosis 438
CONTACT DERMATITIS 439
Background 439
Clinical Symptoms and Signs 439
Diagnosis 440
Treatment 441
Prognosis 441
URTICARIA 441
Background 441
Clinical Symptoms and Signs 442
Diagnosis 442
Treatment 442
Antihistamines 443
Systemic corticosteroids 443
Immune modulators 443
Prognosis 443
ANGIOEDEMA 443
Background 443
Clinical Signs and Symptoms 444
Diagnosis 444
Treatment 444
Prognosis 445
REFERENCES 445
Indoor and Outdoor Allergies 451
Key points 451
INTRODUCTION 451
INDOOR ALLERGIES 452
Mites 452
Animal Allergens 453
Insect Allergens 453
Molds and Fungi 453
Tobacco Smoke 454
Cooking Gas and Nitrogen Dioxide 454
Fragrance and Preservatives 454
Chemical Allergens 454
OUTDOOR ALLERGIES 455
Pollens 455
Thunderstorm Asthma 455
Ragweed 455
Grass 455
Tree Pollen 456
AIR POLLUTANTS 456
Particulate Matter and Pollutants 456
DIAGNOSIS 457
TREATMENT 457
Medication Treatment 457
IMMUNOTHERAPY 460
SUMMARY 460
REFERENCES 460
Allergic Rhinitis 465
Key points 465
INTRODUCTION 465
EPIDEMIOLOGY 465
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 466
DIAGNOSIS 468
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT 469
CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS AND NASAL POLYPS 472
SUMMARY 473
REFERENCES 473
Anaphylaxis 477
Key points 477
INTRODUCTION 477
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OVERVIEW 478
RISK FACTORS 478
INCIDENCE AND CAUSATIVE AGENTS 478
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 479
Skin 479
Respiratory 480
Lower Airways 480
Gastrointestinal 480
Cardiovascular 480
Central Nervous System 480
Other 480
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 481
DIAGNOSIS 481
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT 482
PREVENTION 483
REFERENCES 484
Allergen Immunotherapy 487
Key points 487
INTRODUCTION 487
DIAGNOSIS 488
TYPES OF IMMUNOTHERAPY 488
PROGNOSIS 489
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT 490
DISEASE COMPLICATIONS 491
SUMMARY 491
REFERENCES 492
Eosinophilic Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract 495
Key points 495
EOSINOPHILIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 495
EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS 495
Introduction 495
Basic Pathophysiology 496
Clinical Presentation 497
Diagnosis 497
Management 497
EOSINOPHILIC GASTROENTERITIS 498
Introduction 498
Basic Pathophysiology 498
Clinical Presentation 499
Diagnosis 499
Management 500
EOSINOPHILIC COLITIS 501
Introduction 501
Basic Pathophysiology 501
Clinical Presentation 501
Diagnosis 501
Management 502
SUMMARY 502
REFERENCES 502
Mastocytosis 505
Key points 505
INTRODUCTION 505
EPIDEMIOLOGY 506
MAST CELL BIOLOGY 506
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 507
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 507
DIAGNOSIS 508
Overview of Diagnostic Tests 508
Bone marrow biopsy 508
Skin biopsy 508
Total tryptase level 508
Complete blood cell count with differential 508
Blood smear 508
Plasma or urinary histamine level 509
Serum chemistry panel 509
Regular bone densitometry 509
Abdominal ultrasound 509
Diagnosis of Systemic Mastocytosis 509
Major criterion 509
Minor criterion 509
Diagnosis of the different mastocytosis categories 509
Indolent systemic mastocytosis 509
Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematologic non–mast cell lineage disease 509
Agressive systemic mastocytosis 510
Mast cell leukemia 510
Diagnosis of Cutaneous Mastocytosis 510
Other Mastocytosis Diagnostic Categories 510
Mast cell sarcoma 510
Extracutaneous mastocytoma 510
MASTOCYTOSIS TREATMENT 511
Trigger Avoidance 511
Anaphylaxis Treatment 511
SYMPTOM-SPECIFIC TREATMENT 511
Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms 511
Treatment of Musculoskeletal Symptoms: Bone Pain, Osteoporosis, and Fractures 512
Treatment of Depression 512
Treatment of Lung symptoms 512
Treatment of Ascites 512
Associated Cognitive Disorders 513
DIAGNOSIS-SPECIFIC TREATMENT 513
Treatment of Cutaneous Mastocytosis 513
Treatment of Systemic Mastocytosis 513
Treatment of Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis 514
SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS WITH ASSOCIATED CLONAL HEMATOLOGIC NON–MAST CELL LINEAGE DISEASE 514
Treatment of Agressive Systemic Mastocytosis 514
Mast Cell Leukemia 515
Mast Cell Sarcoma 515
Extracutaneous Mastocytoma 515
REFERENCES 515
Complementary and Alternative Treatment for Allergic Conditions 519
Key points 519
INTRODUCTION 519
Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula for Asthma 520
Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula for Allergic Rhinitis 521
Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula for Atopic Dermatitis 521
Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula for Food Allergy 521
Herbal Therapies for Allergic Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis 521
Other Nasal Sprays, Powders, and Ointments for Allergic Rhinitis 522
Acupuncture for Allergic Rhinitis 523
Homeopathy 523
Miscellaneous Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies 523
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 524
REFERENCES 524