Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Learn how to apply kinesiology concepts and treat dysfunction with Muscolino’s Kinesiology: The Skeletal System and Muscle Function, 3rd Edition! With more than 1,200 full-color illustrations, this highly visual text offers a vividly illustrated look at the skeletal system and how muscles function as movers, antagonists, and stabilizers in the body. Part One covers the fundamentals of structure and motion, including essential terminology that is used in kinesiology. Part Two covers the skeletal system including the makeup of skeletal and fascial tissues. Part Three contains a detailed study of the joints of the body. And lastly, Part Four examines how muscles function. This new edition also boasts an all-new chapter on biomechanics, more than 100 online video clips, and an interactive muscle program. If you want a thorough understanding of muscle function and how to apply that knowledge on the job, then there’s no better guide than Muscolino!
- Coverage of strengthening exercises and stretching emphasizes the purposes and benefits of stretching and how to perform various stretching techniques.
- The most up-to-date information on posture and the gait cycle features high-quality art.
- Comprehensive chapter on muscle action and attachments includes illustrations of all of the muscles of the human body organized by function.
- Clinical applications throughout the book are directly related to kinesiology concepts and challenge you to apply what you’ve learned to clinical practice.
- Complete atlas of bones, bony landmarks, and joints includes more than 100 full-color photographs of every bone in the human body, giving you comprehensive coverage of bones not found in other kinesiology books.
- Clear, simple explanations of kinesiology concepts cover muscle contraction(s), coordination of muscles with movement, core stabilization, posture, exercise, reflexes, and how the nervous system controls and directs the muscular system.
- Approximately 1,200 four-color illustrations help you visualize important concepts.
- A wide variety of user resources include a comprehensive glossary of terms from the book, radiographs, answers to the review questions at the end of each chapter in the book, an interactive muscle program, and videos featuring joint actions and palpation techniques.
- NEW! A new chapter on biomechanics helps you understand how the body moves under normal circumstances and what may impair its movement in pathology.
- NEW! Improved illustrations in The Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body offer a vivid muscle atlas within the text.
- NEW! Expanded resources on Evolve companion site include a new collection of video clips and an interactive muscle program which help you identify the necessary skills for professional success.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Kinesiology: The Skeletal System and Muscle Function | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | xv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Third Edition Forewords | viii | ||
| Second Edition Foreword | x | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| CONCEPTUAL APPROACH | xi | ||
| ORGANIZATION | xi | ||
| DISTINCTIVE FEATURES | xii | ||
| NEW TO THIS EDITION | xii | ||
| EVOLVE RESOURCES | xii | ||
| INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES | xii | ||
| RELATED PUBLICATIONS | xii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiii | ||
| About the Author | xiv | ||
| PART I: Fundamentals of Structure and Motion of the Human Body | 1 | ||
| CHAPTER 1.\rParts of the Human Body | 1 | ||
| SECTION 1.1 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY | 2 | ||
| AXIAL BODY | 2 | ||
| APPENDICULAR BODY | 2 | ||
| SECTION 1.2 MAJOR BODY PARTS | 3 | ||
| SECTION 1.3 JOINTS BETWEEN BODY PARTS | 5 | ||
| SECTION 1.4 MOVEMENT OF A BODY PART RELATIVE TO AN ADJACENT BODY PART | 6 | ||
| SECTION 1.5 MOVEMENT WITHIN A BODY PART | 7 | ||
| SECTION 1.6 TRUE MOVEMENT OF A BODY PART VERSUS “GOING ALONG FOR THE RIDE” | 8 | ||
| SECTION 1.7 REGIONS OF THE BODY | 9 | ||
| REFERENCES | 10 | ||
| CHAPTER\r2. Mapping the Human Body | 11 | ||
| SECTION 2.1 ANATOMIC POSITION | 13 | ||
| SECTION 2.2 LOCATION TERMINOLOGY | 13 | ||
| NAMING LOCATIONS ON THE HUMAN BODY | 13 | ||
| SECTION 2.3 ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR | 14 | ||
| SECTION 2.4 MEDIAL/LATERAL | 15 | ||
| SECTION 2.5 SUPERIOR/INFERIOR AND PROXIMAL/DISTAL | 16 | ||
| SECTION 2.6 SUPERFICIAL/DEEP | 17 | ||
| SECTION 2.7 LOCATION TERMINOLOGY ILLUSTRATION | 18 | ||
| SECTION 2.8 PLANES | 19 | ||
| SECTION 2.9 MOTION OF THE HUMAN BODY WITHIN PLANES | 20 | ||
| SECTION 2.10 AXES | 22 | ||
| SECTION 2.11 PLANES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING AXES | 23 | ||
| MEDIOLATERAL AXIS | 23 | ||
| ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS | 24 | ||
| SUPEROINFERIOR AXIS | 24 | ||
| SECTION 2.12 VISUALIZING THE AXES—DOOR HINGE PIN ANALOGY | 24 | ||
| SECTION 2.13 VISUALIZING THE AXES—PINWHEEL ANALOGY | 26 | ||
| REFERENCES | 28 | ||
| PART II:\rSkeletal Osteology: Study of the Bones | 29 | ||
| CHAPTER 3.\rSkeletal Tissues | 29 | ||
| SECTION 3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF BONES BY SHAPE | 31 | ||
| SECTION 3.2 PARTS OF A LONG BONE | 32 | ||
| PARTS OF A LONG BONE | 32 | ||
| SECTION 3.3 FUNCTIONS OF BONES | 33 | ||
| STRUCTURAL SUPPORT OF THE BODY | 33 | ||
| PROVIDE LEVERS FOR BODY MOVEMENTS | 33 | ||
| PROTECTION OF UNDERLYING STRUCTURES | 34 | ||
| BLOOD CELL FORMATION | 34 | ||
| STORAGE RESERVOIR FOR CALCIUM | 35 | ||
| SECTION 3.4 BONE AS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE | 35 | ||
| BONE CELLS | 35 | ||
| ORGANIC MATRIX | 35 | ||
| INORGANIC MATRIX | 36 | ||
| SECTION 3.5 COMPACT AND SPONGY BONE | 36 | ||
| COMPACT BONE | 36 | ||
| SPONGY BONE | 36 | ||
| SECTION 3.6 BONE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH | 37 | ||
| ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION | 37 | ||
| INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION | 38 | ||
| SECTION 3.7 FONTANELS | 39 | ||
| SECTION 3.8 FRACTURE HEALING | 40 | ||
| SECTION 3.9 EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL STRESS ON BONE | 41 | ||
| WOLFF’S LAW AND THE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT | 41 | ||
| WOLFF’S LAW “GONE BAD” | 41 | ||
| SECTION 3.10 CARTILAGE TISSUE | 43 | ||
| CARTILAGE CELLS | 43 | ||
| MATRIX | 43 | ||
| TYPES OF CARTILAGE | 43 | ||
| REFERENCES | 46 | ||
| CHAPTER 4.\rFascia | 47 | ||
| SECTION 4.1 FASCIA | 48 | ||
| FASCIA DEFINED | 48 | ||
| TYPES OF FASCIA | 49 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF FASCIA | 50 | ||
| SECTION 4.2 THE FASCIAL WEB | 52 | ||
| FASCIAL WEB | 52 | ||
| SECTION 4.3 FASCIAL RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL STRESS | 55 | ||
| THE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT | 55 | ||
| MYOFIBROBLAST FORMATION | 55 | ||
| SECTION 4.4 TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS | 57 | ||
| SECTION 4.5 BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS | 58 | ||
| SECTION 4.6 PROPERTIES OF FASCIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUES | 60 | ||
| REFERENCES | 62 | ||
| CHAPTER 5.\rBones of the Human Body | 63 | ||
| SECTION 5.1 BONES OF THE HEAD | 71 | ||
| SECTION 5.2 BONES OF THE SPINE (AND HYOID) | 85 | ||
| SECTION 5.3 BONES OF THE RIBCAGE AND STERNUM | 103 | ||
| SECTION 5.4 ENTIRE LOWER EXTREMITY | 107 | ||
| SECTION 5.6 BONES OF THE THIGH AND KNEE JOINT | 113 | ||
| SECTION 5.7 BONES OF THE LEG AND ANKLE JOINT | 117 | ||
| SECTION 5.8 BONES OF THE FOOT | 122 | ||
| SECTION 5.9 ENTIRE UPPER EXTREMITY | 127 | ||
| SECTION 5.10 BONES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE AND SHOULDER JOINT | 128 | ||
| SECTION 5.11 BONES OF THE ARM AND ELBOW JOINT | 133 | ||
| SECTION 5.12 BONES OF THE FOREARM, WRIST JOINT, AND HAND | 137 | ||
| REFERENCES | 149 | ||
| PART III:\rSkeletal Arthrology: Study of the Joints | 150 | ||
| CHAPTER 6.\rJoint Action Terminology | 150 | ||
| SECTION 6.1 OVERVIEW OF JOINT FUNCTION | 152 | ||
| SECTION 6.2 AXIAL AND NONAXIAL MOTION | 152 | ||
| AXIAL MOTION | 152 | ||
| NONAXIAL MOTION | 152 | ||
| SECTION 6.3 NONAXIAL/GLIDING MOTION | 153 | ||
| NONAXIAL MOTION | 153 | ||
| SECTION 6.4 RECTILINEAR AND CURVILINEAR NONAXIAL MOTION | 154 | ||
| SECTION 6.5 AXIAL/CIRCULAR MOTION | 154 | ||
| AXIAL MOTION | 154 | ||
| SECTION 6.6 AXIAL MOTION AND THE AXIS OF MOVEMENT | 155 | ||
| SECTION 6.7 ROLL AND SPIN AXIAL MOVEMENTS | 156 | ||
| SECTION 6.8 ROLL, GLIDE, AND SPIN MOVEMENTS COMPARED | 156 | ||
| SECTION 6.9 NAMING JOINT ACTIONS—COMPLETELY | 157 | ||
| SECTION 6.10 JOINT ACTION TERMINOLOGY PAIRS | 158 | ||
| SECTION 6.11 FLEXION/EXTENSION | 159 | ||
| SECTION 6.12 ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION | 160 | ||
| SECTION 6.13 RIGHT LATERAL FLEXION/LEFT LATERAL FLEXION | 161 | ||
| SECTION 6.14 LATERAL ROTATION/MEDIAL ROTATION | 162 | ||
| SECTION 6.15 RIGHT ROTATION/LEFT ROTATION | 162 | ||
| SECTION 6.16 PLANTARFLEXION/DORSIFLEXION | 163 | ||
| SECTION 6.17 EVERSION/INVERSION | 164 | ||
| SECTION 6.18 PRONATION/SUPINATION | 164 | ||
| SECTION 6.19 PROTRACTION/RETRACTION | 165 | ||
| SECTION 6.20 ELEVATION/DEPRESSION | 166 | ||
| SECTION 6.21 UPWARD ROTATION/DOWNWARD ROTATION | 167 | ||
| SCAPULA (FIGURE 6-21, A) | 167 | ||
| CLAVICLE (FIGURE 6-21, B AND C) | 168 | ||
| SECTION 6.22 ANTERIOR TILT/POSTERIOR TILT | 168 | ||
| SECTION 6.23 OPPOSITION/REPOSITION | 169 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF OPPOSITION/REPOSITION | 169 | ||
| SECTION 6.24 RIGHT LATERAL DEVIATION/LEFT LATERAL DEVIATION | 169 | ||
| SECTION 6.25 HORIZONTAL FLEXION/HORIZONTAL EXTENSION | 170 | ||
| SECTION 6.26 HYPEREXTENSION | 171 | ||
| SECTION 6.27 CIRCUMDUCTION | 172 | ||
| SECTION 6.28 NAMING OBLIQUE PLANE MOVEMENTS | 172 | ||
| SECTION 6.29 REVERSE ACTIONS | 174 | ||
| SECTION 6.30 VECTORS | 175 | ||
| REFERENCES | 178 | ||
| CHAPTER 7. Classification of Joints\r | 179 | ||
| SECTION 7.1 ANATOMY OF A JOINT | 181 | ||
| SECTION 7.2 PHYSIOLOGY OF A JOINT | 181 | ||
| SECTION 7.3 JOINT MOBILITY VERSUS JOINT STABILITY | 182 | ||
| SECTION 7.4 JOINTS AND SHOCK ABSORPTION | 183 | ||
| SECTION 7.5 WEIGHT-BEARING JOINTS | 184 | ||
| SECTION 7.6 JOINT CLASSIFICATION | 185 | ||
| STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS | 185 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS | 185 | ||
| SECTION 7.7 FIBROUS JOINTS | 186 | ||
| SYNDESMOSIS JOINTS | 186 | ||
| SUTURE JOINTS | 186 | ||
| GOMPHOSIS JOINTS | 186 | ||
| SECTION 7.8 CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS | 187 | ||
| SYMPHYSIS JOINTS | 187 | ||
| SYNCHONDROSIS JOINTS | 187 | ||
| SECTION 7.9 SYNOVIAL JOINTS | 188 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF A SYNOVIAL JOINT | 188 | ||
| ROLES OF LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES IN A\rSYNOVIAL JOINT | 190 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS | 190 | ||
| SECTION 7.10 UNIAXIAL SYNOVIAL JOINTS | 191 | ||
| HINGE JOINTS | 191 | ||
| PIVOT JOINTS | 191 | ||
| SECTION 7.11 BIAXIAL SYNOVIAL JOINTS | 192 | ||
| CONDYLOID JOINTS | 192 | ||
| SADDLE JOINTS | 192 | ||
| SECTION 7.12 TRIAXIAL SYNOVIAL JOINTS | 195 | ||
| BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS | 195 | ||
| SECTION 7.13 NONAXIAL SYNOVIAL JOINTS | 197 | ||
| SECTION 7.14 MENISCI AND ARTICULAR DISCS | 198 | ||
| REFERENCES | 201 | ||
| CHAPTER 8.\rJoints of the Axial Body | 202 | ||
| SECTION 8.1 SUTURE JOINTS OF THE SKULL | 204 | ||
| BONES | 204 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 204 | ||
| SECTION 8.2 TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) | 205 | ||
| BONES | 205 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 205 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE\rTEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (BOX 8-3) | 205 | ||
| MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE\rTEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 206 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 206 | ||
| SECTION 8.3 SPINE | 210 | ||
| ELEMENTS OF THE SPINE | 210 | ||
| SHAPE OF THE ADULT SPINE VIEWED\rPOSTERIORLY | 210 | ||
| SHAPE OF THE ADULT SPINE\rVIEWED LATERALLY | 210 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPINAL CURVES | 211 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINE | 211 | ||
| SECTION 8.4 SPINAL JOINTS | 213 | ||
| INTERVERTEBRAL DISC JOINT | 213 | ||
| VERTEBRAL FACET JOINTS | 215 | ||
| SPINAL JOINT SEGMENTAL MOTION—\rCOUPLING DISC AND FACET JOINTS | 215 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 216 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE SPINAL JOINTS | 216 | ||
| MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE SPINAL JOINTS | 219 | ||
| SECTION 8.5 ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL AND ATLANTOAXIAL JOINTS | 221 | ||
| ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT | 221 | ||
| ATLANTOAXIAL (C1-C2) JOINT | 221 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE\rOCCIPITO-ATLANTOAXIAL REGION | 223 | ||
| MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE\rOCCIPITO-ATLANTOAXIAL REGION | 224 | ||
| SECTION 8.6 CERVICAL SPINE (THE NECK) | 226 | ||
| FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE | 226 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE | 227 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 228 | ||
| SECTION 8.7 THORACIC SPINE (THE THORAX) | 230 | ||
| FEATURES OF THE THORACIC SPINE | 230 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF THE THORACIC SPINE | 231 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 231 | ||
| SECTION 8.8 RIB JOINTS OF THE THORAX | 231 | ||
| COSTOSPINAL JOINTS IN MORE DETAIL | 232 | ||
| STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS | 233 | ||
| INTRASTERNAL JOINTS | 234 | ||
| MUSCLES OF THE RIB JOINTS | 234 | ||
| SECTION 8.9 LUMBAR SPINE (THE ABDOMEN) | 235 | ||
| FEATURES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE | 235 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 236 | ||
| SPECIAL JOINT | 236 | ||
| SECTION 8.10 THORACOLUMBAR SPINE (THE TRUNK) | 237 | ||
| SECTION 8.11 THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA AND ABDOMINAL APONEUROSIS | 239 | ||
| THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA | 239 | ||
| ABDOMINAL APONEUROSIS | 240 | ||
| REFERENCES | 243 | ||
| CHAPTER\r9. Joints of the Lower Extremity | 244 | ||
| SECTION 9.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PELVIS AND PELVIC MOVEMENT | 247 | ||
| PELVIC MOTION | 248 | ||
| SECTION 9.2 INTRAPELVIC MOTION (SYMPHYSIS PUBIS AND SACROILIAC JOINTS) | 248 | ||
| SYMPHYSIS PUBIS JOINT | 248 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 248 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE\rSYMPHYSIS PUBIS JOINT | 248 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 248 | ||
| SACROILIAC JOINTS | 248 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 249 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE\rSACROILIAC JOINT | 249 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 251 | ||
| SECTION 9.3 MOVEMENT OF THE PELVIS AT THE LUMBOSACRAL JOINT | 251 | ||
| MOTION OF THE PELVIS AT THE\rLUMBOSACRAL JOINT | 251 | ||
| SECTION 9.4 MOVEMENT OF THE PELVIS AT THE HIP JOINTS | 253 | ||
| MOTION OF THE PELVIS AS A UNIT AT\rTHE HIP JOINTS | 253 | ||
| SECTION 9.5 MOVEMENT OF THE PELVIS AT THE LUMBOSACRAL AND HIP JOINTS | 255 | ||
| MOTION OF THE PELVIS AS A UNIT AT THE\rLUMBOSACRAL AND HIP JOINTS | 255 | ||
| SECTION 9.6 RELATIONSHIP OF PELVIC/SPINAL MOVEMENTS AT THE LUMBOSACRAL JOINT | 257 | ||
| SAGITTAL PLANE MOVEMENTS | 257 | ||
| FRONTAL PLANE MOVEMENTS | 258 | ||
| TRANSVERSE PLANE MOVEMENTS | 258 | ||
| SECTION 9.7 RELATIONSHIP OF PELVIC/THIGH MOVEMENTS AT THE HIP JOINT | 259 | ||
| SAGITTAL PLANE MOVEMENTS | 259 | ||
| FRONTAL PLANE MOVEMENTS | 259 | ||
| TRANSVERSE PLANE MOVEMENTS | 260 | ||
| SECTION 9.8 EFFECT OF PELVIC POSTURE ON SPINAL POSTURE | 263 | ||
| SECTION 9.9 HIP JOINT | 264 | ||
| BONES | 264 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 265 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE HIP JOINT (BOX 9-9) | 265 | ||
| CLOSED-PACKED POSITION OF THE HIP JOINT | 268 | ||
| MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT | 268 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 269 | ||
| SECTION 9.10 ANGULATIONS OF THE FEMUR | 269 | ||
| FEMORAL ANGLE OF INCLINATION | 269 | ||
| FEMORAL TORSION ANGLE | 270 | ||
| SECTION 9.11 FEMOROPELVIC RHYTHM | 271 | ||
| SECTION 9.12 OVERVIEW OF THE KNEE JOINT COMPLEX | 272 | ||
| BONES | 272 | ||
| SECTION 9.13 TIBIOFEMORAL (KNEE) JOINT | 273 | ||
| BONES | 273 | ||
| TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT | 273 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 273 | ||
| LIGAMENTS OF THE TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT | 273 | ||
| CLOSED-PACKED POSITION OF THE\rTIBIOFEMORAL JOINT | 278 | ||
| MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE\rTIBIOFEMORAL JOINT | 278 | ||
| MENISCI | 278 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 278 | ||
| SECTION 9.14 PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT | 279 | ||
| BONES | 279 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 279 | ||
| SECTION 9.15 ANGULATIONS OF THE KNEE JOINT | 280 | ||
| GENU VALGUM AND GENU VARUM | 280 | ||
| Q-ANGLE | 281 | ||
| GENU RECURVATUM | 282 | ||
| SECTION 9.16 TIBIOFIBULAR JOINTS | 283 | ||
| BONES AND LIGAMENTS | 283 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 283 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 283 | ||
| SECTION 9.17 OVERVIEW OF THE ANKLE/FOOT REGION | 284 | ||
| ORGANIZATION OF THE ANKLE/FOOT REGION | 284 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF THE FOOT | 284 | ||
| JOINTS OF THE ANKLE/FOOT REGION | 284 | ||
| ARCHES OF THE FOOT | 285 | ||
| PLANTAR FASCIA | 286 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 286 | ||
| SECTION 9.18 TALOCRURAL (ANKLE) JOINT | 287 | ||
| BONES | 287 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 288 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE TALOCRURAL\rJOINT (BOX 9-35) | 289 | ||
| CLOSED-PACKED POSITION OF THE\rTALOCRURAL JOINT | 292 | ||
| MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE TALOCRURAL JOINT | 292 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 292 | ||
| SECTION 9.19 SUBTALAR TARSAL JOINT | 293 | ||
| BONES | 293 | ||
| SUBTALAR JOINT ARTICULATIONS | 293 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 293 | ||
| MAJOR LIGAMENTS OF THE SUBTALAR JOINT\r(BOX 9-41) | 295 | ||
| CLOSED-PACKED POSITION OF THE\rSUBTALAR JOINT | 296 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS | 296 | ||
| SECTION 9.20 TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINT | 296 | ||
| BONES | 296 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 296 | ||
| LIGAMENTS OF THE TRANSVERSE TARSAL\rJOINT (BOX 9-42) | 297 | ||
| CLOSED-PACKED POSITION OF THE TRANSVERSE\rTARSAL JOINT | 297 | ||
| SECTION 9.21 TARSOMETATARSAL (TMT) JOINTS | 297 | ||
| BONES | 297 | ||
| MAJOR MOTIONS ALLOWED | 298 | ||
| SECTION 9.22 INTERMETATARSAL (IMT) JOINTS | 298 | ||
| BONES AND LIGAMENTS | 298 | ||
| PART IV:\rMyology: Study of the Muscular System | 357 | ||
| CHAPTER 11. Attachments and Actions of Muscles | 357 | ||
| SECTION 11.1 OVERVIEW OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLES OF THE BODY | 362 | ||
| SECTION 11.2 MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE | 364 | ||
| TRAPEZIUS (“TRAP”) | 364 | ||
| RHOMBOIDS MAJOR AND MINOR | 365 | ||
| LEVATOR SCAPULAE | 365 | ||
| SERRATUS ANTERIOR | 366 | ||
| PECTORALIS MINOR | 366 | ||
| SUBCLAVIUS | 367 | ||
| SECTION 11.3 MUSCLES OF THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT | 367 | ||
| DELTOID | 367 | ||
| CORACOBRACHIALIS | 368 | ||
| PECTORALIS MAJOR | 368 | ||
| LATISSIMUS DORSI (“LAT”) | 369 | ||
| TERES MAJOR | 369 | ||
| SUPRASPINATUS (OF ROTATOR CUFF GROUP) | 370 | ||
| INFRASPINATUS (OF ROTATOR CUFF GROUP) | 370 | ||
| TERES MINOR (OF ROTATOR CUFF GROUP) | 371 | ||
| SUBSCAPULARIS (OF ROTATOR CUFF GROUP) | 371 | ||
| SECTION 11.4 MUSCLES OF THE ELBOW AND RADIOULNAR JOINTS | 372 | ||
| BICEPS BRACHII | 372 | ||
| BRACHIALIS | 372 | ||
| BRACHIORADIALIS (OF RADIAL GROUP) | 373 | ||
| TRICEPS BRACHII | 374 | ||
| ANCONEUS | 374 | ||
| PRONATOR TERES | 375 | ||
| PRONATOR QUADRATUS | 376 | ||
| SUPINATOR | 376 | ||
| SECTION 11.5 MUSCLES OF THE WRIST JOINT | 377 | ||
| FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (OF WRIST\rFLEXOR GROUP) | 377 | ||
| PALMARIS LONGUS (OF WRIST\rFLEXOR GROUP) | 377 | ||
| FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (OF WRIST\rFLEXOR GROUP) | 378 | ||
| EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS\r(OF WRIST EXTENSOR AND RADIAL GROUPS) | 378 | ||
| EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS (OF WRIST\rEXTENSOR AND RADIAL GROUPS) | 379 | ||
| EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS (OF WRIST\rEXTENSOR GROUP) | 379 | ||
| SECTION 11.6 EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FINGER JOINTS | 380 | ||
| FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS | 380 | ||
| FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS | 380 | ||
| FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS | 381 | ||
| EXTENSOR DIGITORUM | 381 | ||
| EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI | 382 | ||
| ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS (OF DEEP\rDISTAL FOUR GROUP) | 382 | ||
| EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS (OF DEEP DISTAL\rFOUR GROUP) | 383 | ||
| EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS (OF DEEP DISTAL\rFOUR GROUP) | 383 | ||
| EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS (OF DEEP DISTAL\rFOUR GROUP) | 384 | ||
| SECTION 11.7 INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FINGER JOINTS | 385 | ||
| ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS (OF THENAR\rEMINENCE GROUP) | 385 | ||
| FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS (OF THENAR\rEMINENCE GROUP) | 385 | ||
| OPPONENS POLLICIS (OF THENAR\rEMINENCE GROUP) | 386 | ||
| ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI MANUS\r(OF HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE GROUP) | 386 | ||
| FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI MANUS\r(OF HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE GROUP) | 387 | ||
| OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI (OF HYPOTHENAR\rEMINENCE GROUP) | 387 | ||
| ADDUCTOR POLLICIS (OF CENTRAL\rCOMPARTMENT GROUP) | 388 | ||
| LUMBRICALS MANUS (OF CENTRAL\rCOMPARTMENT GROUP) | 388 | ||
| PALMAR INTEROSSEI (OF CENTRAL\rCOMPARTMENT GROUP) | 389 | ||
| DORSAL INTEROSSEI MANUS (OF CENTRAL\rCOMPARTMENT GROUP) | 389 | ||
| PALMARIS BREVIS | 390 | ||
| SECTION 11.8 MUSCLES OF THE SPINAL JOINTS | 391 | ||
| ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP | 391 | ||
| ILIOCOSTALIS (OF ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP) | 392 | ||
| LONGISSIMUS (OF ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP) | 393 | ||
| SPINALIS (OF ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP) | 394 | ||
| TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP | 395 | ||
| SEMISPINALIS\r(OF TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP) | 396 | ||
| MULTIFIDUS\r(OF TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP) | 397 | ||
| ROTATORES\r(OF TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP) | 398 | ||
| INTERSPINALES | 398 | ||
| INTERTRANSVERSARII | 399 | ||
| STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM) | 400 | ||
| ANTERIOR SCALENE (OF SCALENE GROUP) | 400 | ||
| MIDDLE SCALENE (OF SCALENE GROUP) | 401 | ||
| POSTERIOR SCALENE (OF SCALENE GROUP): | 401 | ||
| LONGUS COLLI (OF PREVERTEBRAL GROUP) | 402 | ||
| LONGUS CAPITIS (OF PREVERTEBRAL GROUP) | 402 | ||
| RECTUS CAPITIS ANTERIOR (OF PREVERTEBRAL GROUP) | 403 | ||
| RECTUS CAPITIS LATERALIS\r(OF PREVERTEBRAL GROUP) | 403 | ||
| SPLENIUS CAPITIS | 404 | ||
| SPLENIUS CERVICIS: | 404 | ||
| RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR\r(OF SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP) | 405 | ||
| RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR\r(OF SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP) | 405 | ||
| OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR\r(OF SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP) | 405 | ||
| OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR\r(OF SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP) | 406 | ||
| QUADRATUS LUMBORUM (QL) | 406 | ||
| RECTUS ABDOMINIS (OF ANTERIOR\rABDOMINAL WALL) | 407 | ||
| EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE\r(OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL) | 407 | ||
| INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE\r(OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL) | 408 | ||
| TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS (OF ANTERIOR\rABDOMINAL WALL) | 408 | ||
| PSOAS MINOR | 409 | ||
| SECTION 11.9 MUSCLES OF THE RIBCAGE JOINTS | 410 | ||
| EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS | 410 | ||
| INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS | 410 | ||
| TRANSVERSUS THORACIS | 411 | ||
| DIAPHRAGM | 411 | ||
| SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR | 412 | ||
| SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR | 412 | ||
| LEVATORES COSTARUM | 413 | ||
| SUBCOSTALES | 413 | ||
| SECTION 11.10 MUSCLES OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS | 414 | ||
| TEMPORALIS | 414 | ||
| MASSETER | 414 | ||
| LATERAL PTERYGOID | 415 | ||
| MEDIAL PTERYGOID | 415 | ||
| DIGASTRIC (OF HYOID GROUP) | 416 | ||
| MYLOHYOID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 416 | ||
| GENIOHYOID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 417 | ||
| STYLOHYOID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 417 | ||
| STERNOHYOID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 418 | ||
| STERNOTHYROID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 418 | ||
| THYROHYOID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 419 | ||
| OMOHYOID (OF HYOID GROUP) | 419 | ||
| SECTION 11.11 MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION | 420 | ||
| OCCIPITOFRONTALIS (OF EPICRANIUS) | 420 | ||
| TEMPOROPARIETALIS (OF EPICRANIUS) | 420 | ||
| AURICULARIS GROUP | 421 | ||
| ORBICULARIS OCULI | 421 | ||
| LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS | 422 | ||
| CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII | 422 | ||
| PROCERUS | 423 | ||
| NASALIS | 423 | ||
| DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI | 424 | ||
| LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE NASI | 424 | ||
| LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS | 425 | ||
| ZYGOMATICUS MINOR | 425 | ||
| ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR | 426 | ||
| LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS | 426 | ||
| RISORIUS | 427 | ||
| DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS | 427 | ||
| DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS | 428 | ||
| MENTALIS | 428 | ||
| BUCCINATOR | 429 | ||
| ORBICULARIS ORIS | 429 | ||
| PLATYSMA | 430 | ||
| SECTION 11.12 MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT | 430 | ||
| PSOAS MAJOR (OF ILIOPSOAS) | 430 | ||
| ILIACUS (OF ILIOPSOAS) | 431 | ||
| TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (TFL) | 431 | ||
| SARTORIUS | 432 | ||
| PECTINEUS (OF ADDUCTOR GROUP) | 432 | ||
| ADDUCTOR LONGUS (OF ADDUCTOR GROUP) | 433 | ||
| GRACILIS (OF ADDUCTOR GROUP) | 433 | ||
| ADDUCTOR BREVIS (OF ADDUCTOR GROUP) | 434 | ||
| ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (OF ADDUCTOR GROUP) | 434 | ||
| GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (OF GLUTEAL GROUP) | 435 | ||
| GLUTEUS MEDIUS (OF GLUTEAL GROUP) | 435 | ||
| GLUTEUS MINIMUS (OF GLUTEAL GROUP) | 436 | ||
| PIRIFORMIS (OF DEEP LATERAL ROTATOR GROUP) | 436 | ||
| SUPERIOR GEMELLUS\r(OF DEEP LATERAL ROTATOR GROUP) | 437 | ||
| OBTURATOR INTERNUS\r(OF DEEP LATERAL ROTATOR GROUP) | 437 | ||
| INFERIOR GEMELLUS\r(OF DEEP LATERAL ROTATOR GROUP) | 438 | ||
| OBTURATOR EXTERNUS\r(OF DEEP LATERAL ROTATOR GROUP) | 438 | ||
| QUADRATUS FEMORIS\r(OF DEEP LATERAL ROTATOR GROUP) | 438 | ||
| SECTION 11.13 MUSCLES OF THE KNEE JOINT | 439 | ||
| RECTUS FEMORIS\r(OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP) | 439 | ||
| VASTUS LATERALIS\r(OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP) | 439 | ||
| VASTUS MEDIALIS\r(OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP) | 440 | ||
| VASTUS INTERMEDIUS\r(OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP) | 440 | ||
| ARTICULARIS GENUS | 441 | ||
| BICEPS FEMORIS (OF HAMSTRING GROUP) | 441 | ||
| SEMITENDINOSUS (OF HAMSTRING GROUP) | 442 | ||
| SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (OF HAMSTRING GROUP) | 442 | ||
| POPLITEUS | 443 | ||
| SECTION 11.14 MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE AND SUBTALAR JOINTS | 444 | ||
| TIBIALIS ANTERIOR | 444 | ||
| FIBULARIS TERTIUS | 444 | ||
| FIBULARIS LONGUS | 445 | ||
| FIBULARIS BREVIS | 445 | ||
| GASTROCNEMIUS ( GASTROCS )\r(OF TRICEPS SURAE GROUP) | 446 | ||
| SOLEUS (OF TRICEPS SURAE GROUP) | 446 | ||
| PLANTARIS | 447 | ||
| TIBIALIS POSTERIOR (TOM OF TOM, DICK , AND HARRY GROUP) | 447 | ||
| SECTION 11.15 EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TOE JOINTS | 448 | ||
| EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS | 448 | ||
| EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS | 448 | ||
| FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS (DICK OF TOM , DICK AND HARRY GROUP) | 449 | ||
| FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (HARRY OF TOM, DICK , AND HARRY GROUP) | 449 | ||
| SECTION 11.16 INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TOE JOINTS | 450 | ||
| EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS | 450 | ||
| EXTENSOR HALLUCIS BREVIS | 450 | ||
| ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS | 451 | ||
| ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI PEDIS | 451 | ||
| FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS | 452 | ||
| QUADRATUS PLANTAE | 452 | ||
| LUMBRICALS PEDIS | 453 | ||
| FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS | 453 | ||
| FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI PEDIS | 454 | ||
| ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS | 454 | ||
| PLANTAR INTEROSSEI | 455 | ||
| DORSAL INTEROSSEI PEDIS | 455 | ||
| REFERENCES | 456 | ||
| CHAPTER 12.\rAnatomy and Physiology of\rMuscle Tissue | 457 | ||
| SECTION 12.1 SKELETAL MUSCLE | 459 | ||
| MUSCLE TISSUE | 459 | ||
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE | 459 | ||
| SKELETAL MUSCLE—THE BIG PICTURE | 459 | ||
| SECTION 12.2 TISSUE COMPONENTS OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE | 460 | ||
| SECTION 12.3 SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS | 461 | ||
| SECTION 12.4 MUSCULAR FASCIA | 462 | ||
| SECTION 12.5 MICROANATOMY OF MUSCLE FIBER/SARCOMERE STRUCTURE | 463 | ||
| SECTION 12.6 SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM | 464 | ||
| SECTION 12.7 ENERGY SOURCE FOR THE SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM | 466 | ||
| OXYGEN DEBT | 466 | ||
| SECTION 12.8 NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION | 467 | ||
| HUMAN RESTING MUSCLE TONE | 469 | ||
| SECTION 12.9 MOTOR UNIT | 469 | ||
| SECTION 12.10 ALL-OR-NONE–RESPONSE LAW | 470 | ||
| SECTION 12.11 SARCOMERE STRUCTURE IN MORE DETAIL | 471 | ||
| MYOSIN FILAMENT IN MORE DETAIL | 471 | ||
| ACTIN FILAMENT IN MORE DETAIL | 473 | ||
| TITIN | 473 | ||
| SECTION 12.12 SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM IN MORE DETAIL | 474 | ||
| SECTION 12.13 RED AND WHITE MUSCLE FIBERS | 476 | ||
| SECTION 12.14 MYOFASCIAL MERIDIANS AND TENSEGRITY | 477 | ||
| TENSEGRITY | 484 | ||
| REFERENCES | 487 | ||
| CHAPTER 13.\rHow Muscles Function: the Big Picture | 488 | ||
| SECTION 13.1 “BIG PICTURE” OF MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | 489 | ||
| SECTION 13.2 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A MUSCLE CONTRACTS AND SHORTENS? | 490 | ||
| SECTION 13.3 FIVE-STEP APPROACH TO LEARNING MUSCLES | 492 | ||
| FIVE-STEP APPROACH TO LEARNING MUSCLES | 492 | ||
| SECTION 13.4 RUBBER BAND EXERCISE | 493 | ||
| VISUAL AND KINESTHETIC EXERCISE FOR\rLEARNING A MUSCLE’S ACTIONS | 493 | ||
| SECTION 13.5 LINES OF PULL OF A MUSCLE | 494 | ||
| SCENARIO 1—A MUSCLE WITH ONE LINE OF\rPULL IN A CARDINAL PLANE | 494 | ||
| SCENARIO 2—A MUSCLE WITH ONE LINE OF\rPULL IN AN OBLIQUE PLANE | 494 | ||
| SCENARIO 3—A MUSCLE THAT HAS MORE\rTHAN ONE LINE OF PULL | 495 | ||
| SCENARIO 4—A MUSCLE THAT CROSSES\rMORE THAN ONE JOINT | 495 | ||
| CAN A MUSCLE CHOOSE WHICH OF ITS\rACTIONS WILL OCCUR? | 495 | ||
| SECTION 13.6 FUNCTIONAL GROUP APPROACH TO LEARNING MUSCLE ACTIONS | 496 | ||
| REMINDER ABOUT REVERSE ACTIONS | 497 | ||
| SECTION 13.7 DETERMINING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS | 498 | ||
| SAGITTAL PLANE | 498 | ||
| FRONTAL PLANE | 498 | ||
| TRANSVERSE PLANE | 499 | ||
| SECTION 13.8 OFF-AXIS ATTACHMENT METHOD FOR DETERMINING ROTATION ACTIONS | 500 | ||
| SECTION 13.9 TRANSFERRING THE FORCE OF A MUSCLE’S CONTRACTION\rTO ANOTHER JOINT | 501 | ||
| SECTION 13.10 MUSCLE ACTIONS THAT CHANGE | 503 | ||
| CAN A MUSCLE’S ACTION CHANGE? | 503 | ||
| REFERENCES | 506 | ||
| CHAPTER 14\rTypes of Muscle Contractions | 507 | ||
| SECTION 14.1 OVERVIEW OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS | 508 | ||
| SECTION 14.2 CONCENTRIC, ECCENTRIC, AND ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION EXAMPLES | 510 | ||
| SECTION 14.3 RELATING MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND THE SLIDING\rFILAMENT MECHANISM | 511 | ||
| BRIEF REVIEW OF MUSCLE STRUCTURE | 511 | ||
| BRIEF REVIEW OF NERVOUS SYSTEM\rCONTROL OF A MUSCLE | 511 | ||
| BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SLIDING\rFILAMENT MECHANISM | 512 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 513 | ||
| SECTION 14.4 CONCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS IN MORE DETAIL | 513 | ||
| CONCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS—SHORTENING\rCONTRACTIONS | 513 | ||
| WHEN DO CONCENTRIC\rCONTRACTIONS OCCUR? | 513 | ||
| ANALOGY TO DRIVING A CAR | 514 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 516 | ||
| SECTION 14.5 ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS IN MORE DETAIL | 516 | ||
| ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS—LENGTHENING\rCONTRACTIONS | 516 | ||
| WHEN DO ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS\rOCCUR? | 517 | ||
| ANALOGY TO DRIVING A CAR | 518 | ||
| Index | 731 |