BOOK
Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, An Issue of the Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, E-Book
Kristen Reynolds | Roland Valdes
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of the Clinics in Laboratory Medicine on “Pharmacogenomics is being edited by Drs. Roland Valdes and Kristen Reynolds and will cover a wide variety of topics, including but not limited to, fundamentals of pharmacology, a review of pharmacogenetics guidelines, pharmacogenetic testing in pain management, pharmacogenetics of pain management, clinical and economic impact of pharmacogenetic genotyping analysis, exosome analysis in lab medicine, and implementation of pharmacogenetics in developing countries.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Pharmacogenomics andPrecision Medicine | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface\r | vii | ||
| Fundamentals of Pharmacogenetics in Personalized, Precision Medicine\r | vii | ||
| Pharmacogenetics in Oral Antithrombotic Therapy\r | vii | ||
| Laboratory Medicine in the Clinical Decision Support for Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: Pharmacogenetics of Statins\r | vii | ||
| Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in Pain Management\r | viii | ||
| Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatric Practice\r | viii | ||
| Clinical Utility and Economic Impact of CYP2D6 Genotyping\r | viii | ||
| The Pharmacist’s Perspective on Pharmacogenetics Implementation\r | viii | ||
| The Future of Precision Medicine in Oncology\r | ix | ||
| Understanding the Food and Drug Administration’s Jurisdiction Over Laboratory-Developed Tests and Divisions Between Food, D ... | ix | ||
| Extracellular Vesicles Move Toward Use in Clinical Laboratories\r | ix | ||
| CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| December 2016 | x | ||
| March 2017 | x | ||
| June 2017 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| June 2016 | x | ||
| March 2016 | x | ||
| December 2015 | x | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| DEDICATION | xiii | ||
| Fundamentals of Pharmacogenetics in Personalized, Precision Medicine | 447 | ||
| Key points | 447 | ||
| PERSONALIZED AND PRECISION MEDICINE | 447 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING, PHARMACOLOGY, AND PHARMACOGENETICS | 448 | ||
| PHARMACOGENETICS IS FUNDAMENTAL TO PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS | 450 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF PHARMACOGENETICS | 451 | ||
| Introduction to Genetic Concepts | 451 | ||
| Genetic Polymorphism in Pharmacogenetics | 451 | ||
| EXAMPLE OF CYTOCHROME P450 AND DRUG METABOLISM | 452 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF PHARMACOGENETICS | 453 | ||
| THE CLINICAL LABORATORY AS CATALYST | 456 | ||
| REFERENCES | 457 | ||
| Pharmacogenetics in Oral Antithrombotic Therapy | 461 | ||
| Key points | 461 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 461 | ||
| ANTICOAGULANTS | 462 | ||
| Vitamin K Antagonists | 462 | ||
| Direct Oral Anticoagulants | 463 | ||
| Direct thrombin inhibitor—dabigatran | 463 | ||
| Factor Xa inhibitors—rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban | 464 | ||
| ANTIPLATELET AGENTS | 464 | ||
| Acetylsalicylic Acid | 465 | ||
| P2Y12 Inhibitors | 465 | ||
| Thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitors—clopidogrel and prasugrel | 465 | ||
| Nonthienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor—ticagrelor | 466 | ||
| SUMMARY | 467 | ||
| REFERENCES | 468 | ||
| Laboratory Medicine in the Clinical Decision Support for Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| PERSONALIZED MEDICINE OF STATINS | 474 | ||
| STATIN EFFICACY | 474 | ||
| STATIN SAFETY | 476 | ||
| Hypothesis-Free Approach: Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Associations | 477 | ||
| Hypothesis-Led Approach: Validation of Candidate Genes | 478 | ||
| COQ2 | 480 | ||
| DMPK | 480 | ||
| CLN8 | 481 | ||
| MULTIGENE MODELS | 481 | ||
| BIOTECHNOLOGY DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA | 484 | ||
| Clinical Scenarios | 485 | ||
| Scenario 1 | 485 | ||
| Scenario 2 | 486 | ||
| Scenario 3 | 486 | ||
| CLINICAL PHARMACOGENETIC TESTING | 486 | ||
| REFERENCES | 487 | ||
| Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in Pain Management | 493 | ||
| Key points | 493 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 493 | ||
| GENETICS OF PAIN | 494 | ||
| Candidate Gene Studies in Pain | 494 | ||
| Low Back Pain | 497 | ||
| Migraine | 497 | ||
| Fibromyalgia | 497 | ||
| Hereditary Pain Disorders | 498 | ||
| GENETICS OF ANALGESIA | 498 | ||
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 Gene | 499 | ||
| COMT | 499 | ||
| OPRM1 118G | 499 | ||
| COMT/OPRM1 Interactions | 499 | ||
| Melanocortin-1 Receptor Gene | 500 | ||
| JOINING THE GENETICS OF PAIN AND ANALGESIA FOR CLINICAL UTILITY | 500 | ||
| The Spectrum of Medication Response | 500 | ||
| Initiating Methadone: A Clinical Scenario | 500 | ||
| Adverse Drug Reactions | 501 | ||
| SUMMARY | 501 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 501 | ||
| REFERENCES | 501 | ||
| Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatric Practice | 507 | ||
| Key points | 507 | ||
| METHODS | 508 | ||
| P450 MARKERS | 508 | ||
| MOOD DISORDERS | 510 | ||
| Treatment Outcome | 510 | ||
| SLC6A4 | 510 | ||
| Catechol-O-methyltransferase | 510 | ||
| Serotonin receptors, HTR2A, HTR1A, and HTR1B | 510 | ||
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | 513 | ||
| Potassium channel | 513 | ||
| ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 protein | 513 | ||
| FK506 binding protein 5 | 513 | ||
| GNB3 | 513 | ||
| PPP3CC | 513 | ||
| Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | 514 | ||
| PSYCHOSIS | 514 | ||
| Treatment Response | 514 | ||
| Polymorphisms and Neurocognition | 514 | ||
| Metabolic Disturbances | 514 | ||
| SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS | 515 | ||
| Alcohol Use Disorders | 515 | ||
| Naltrexone | 515 | ||
| Acamprosate | 515 | ||
| Stimulant (Cocaine, Methamphetamine) Use Disorders | 515 | ||
| Disulfiram | 515 | ||
| Opioid Use Disorders | 516 | ||
| Naltrexone | 516 | ||
| Buprenorphine | 516 | ||
| THE FUTURE OF PHARMACOGENOMICS IN PSYCHIATRY | 516 | ||
| REFERENCES | 516 | ||
| Clinical Utility and Economic Impact of CYP2D6 Genotyping | 525 | ||
| Key points | 525 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 525 | ||
| CLINICAL UTILITY: 2D6 STRONG GENE-DRUG CORRELATIONS | 527 | ||
| PSYCHIATRY | 527 | ||
| Tricyclic Antidepressants: Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Doxepin, Imipramine, and Nortriptyline | 529 | ||
| Venlafaxine | 529 | ||
| Antipsychotropic Medications: Risperidone, Haloperidol, and Aripiprazole | 530 | ||
| Risperidone | 530 | ||
| Haloperidol | 530 | ||
| Aripiprazole | 530 | ||
| PAIN MANAGEMENT | 531 | ||
| Codeine | 531 | ||
| CARDIOLOGY | 532 | ||
| Metoprolol | 532 | ||
| COST-EFFECTIVENESS | 533 | ||
| Costs to Treat Psychiatric Disorders | 533 | ||
| Treatment-resistant depression | 533 | ||
| Psychoses | 534 | ||
| Cost to Treat Heart Failure: Metoprolol | 537 | ||
| DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY | 538 | ||
| REFERENCES | 538 | ||
| The Pharmacist’s Perspective on Pharmacogenetics Implementation | 543 | ||
| Key points | 543 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 543 | ||
| PHARMACOGENETICS IS MORE THAN JUST DRUG METABOLISM | 544 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 544 | ||
| Pharmacodynamic Partners | 547 | ||
| PHARMACY-GUIDED IMPLEMENTATION OF PHARMACOGENETICS INTO CLINICAL SETTINGS | 548 | ||
| Hospital Pharmacy and the Health System Pharmacy | 548 | ||
| Medication Therapy Management and the Wellness Pharmacy | 550 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 554 | ||
| REFERENCES | 555 | ||
| The Future of Precision Medicine in Oncology | 557 | ||
| Key points | 557 | ||
| NEED FOR PRECISION MEDICINE IN ONCOLOGY | 557 | ||
| TYPES OF BIOMARKERS: DIAGNOSTIC, PREDICTIVE, PROGNOSTIC, AND PHARMACODYNAMIC | 558 | ||
| FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION–CLEARED TESTS VERSUS LABORATORY DEVELOPED TESTS | 559 | ||
| PRECISION MEDICINE IN BREAST CANCER | 559 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC, OR PREDICTIVE TESTS | 560 | ||
| PRECISION MEDICINE IN NON–SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER | 560 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC, OR PREDICTIVE TESTS | 561 | ||
| PRECISION MEDICINE IN PROSTATE CANCER | 562 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC, OR PREDICTIVE TESTS | 562 | ||
| PRECISION MEDICINE IN MELANOMA | 563 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC, OR PREDICTIVE TESTS | 564 | ||
| PRECISION MEDICINE IN COLORECTAL CANCERS | 564 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC, OR PREDICTIVE TESTS | 565 | ||
| INTRODUCTION TO LIQUID BIOPSIES | 566 | ||
| CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS | 566 | ||
| CELL-FREE NUCLEIC ACIDS | 567 | ||
| EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES | 569 | ||
| FUTURE OF PRECISION MEDICINE IN ONCOLOGY | 569 | ||
| REFERENCES | 570 | ||
| Understanding the Food and Drug Administration’s Jurisdiction Over Laboratory-Developed Tests and Divisions Between Food, D ... | 575 | ||
| Key points | 575 | ||
| FRAMING THE LEGAL ISSUES | 576 | ||
| Are In Vitro Diagnostic Devices Defined Narrowly as Packaged Kits or Something Broader? | 576 | ||
| Are Tests That Never Leave the Laboratory in Interstate Commerce for Commercial Distribution? | 577 | ||
| Can Laboratories Ever Be Manufacturers? | 577 | ||
| POLICY IMPLICATIONS | 579 | ||
| A FRAMEWORK FOR DIVIDING FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT–REGULATED FROM UNREGULATED ACTIVITIES | 582 | ||
| Public Health Criteria | 583 | ||
| Legal Criteria | 583 | ||
| SUMMARY | 584 | ||
| REFERENCES | 584 | ||
| Extracellular Vesicles Move Toward Use in Clinical Laboratories | 587 | ||
| Key points | 587 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 587 | ||
| CURRENT EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE NOMENCLATURE | 588 | ||
| PREANALYTICAL SAMPLE PREPARATION CONSIDERATIONS | 588 | ||
| EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE ISOLATION METHODS (ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES) | 589 | ||
| Ultracentrifugation | 590 | ||
| Density Gradient Centrifugation | 590 | ||
| Polymer-Based Precipitation | 590 | ||
| Size Exclusion | 590 | ||
| Affinity | 590 | ||
| Microfluidic | 591 | ||
| EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION METHODS | 591 | ||
| Focus on Morphology, Concentration, and Size Distribution Analysis | 591 | ||
| Electron microscopy | 591 | ||
| Atomic force microscopy | 591 | ||
| Nanoparticle tracking analysis | 591 | ||
| Resistive pulse sensing | 592 | ||
| Dynamic light scattering | 592 | ||
| Focus on Biochemical Analysis | 592 | ||
| Flow cytometry | 592 | ||
| Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays | 592 | ||
| Western blots | 592 | ||
| Mass spectrometry | 593 | ||
| EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE | 593 | ||
| SUMMARY | 594 | ||
| REFERENCES | 595 |