BOOK
Color Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of the Foal E-Book
Siobhan Brid McAuliffe | Nathan M. Slovis
(2008)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Color Atlas of Diseases & Disorders of the Foal is intended for any veterinarian who treats foals, either occasionally or on a routine basis, and serves as an invaluable source of practical clinical information. The illustrations cover all aspects of clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes and provide a clear picture of what veterinarians should be looking for, perfect for timely intervention and more successful outcomes. Plus, two highly experienced editors share their expertise along with contributions from many well-known and highly respected veterinarians for the most comprehensive information available.
- Brief text and clear pictures demonstrate exactly what symptoms to look for, allowing for more timely intervention.
- The user-friendly content includes detailed descriptions of the most common disorders and brief descriptions of rare diseases.
- Answers common questions like: What is normal? How would I know if something is wrong? What does X-disease look like?
- High quality images and illustrations accurately depict each disease or disorder, allowing for a faster and more accurate diagnosis.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Color Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of the Foal | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Table of contents | v | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | vii | ||
| PREFACE | ix | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | x | ||
| CHAPTER 1: The pregnant mare | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Placentitis (Figs 1.1–1.20) | 1 | ||
| Hydrallantois/Hydramnios (Figs 1.21–1.26) | 6 | ||
| Ventral body wall hernias and prepubic tendon rupture (Figs 1.27–1.32) | 7 | ||
| Uterine torsion (Figs 1.33–1.35) | 9 | ||
| Equine herpes virus abortion (Figs 1.36–1.39) | 11 | ||
| Equine infectious anemia abortion | 11 | ||
| Equine viral arteritis abortion | 12 | ||
| Leptospirosis abortion | 13 | ||
| Salmonella abortion | 13 | ||
| Cord torsion (Figs 1.40–1.46) | 13 | ||
| Trauma (Figs 1.47–1.50) | 13 | ||
| Fetal abnormalities (Figs 1.51–1.54) | 15 | ||
| Twins | 15 | ||
| Fetal monitoring (Figs 1.55–1.66) | 17 | ||
| Predicting parturition | 20 | ||
| Recommended reading | 21 | ||
| CHAPTER 2: The post-foaling mare | 22 | ||
| Introduction | 22 | ||
| Prolapsed uterus (eversion) and partial inversion (intussusception) of the uterine horn (Figs 2.1& 2.2) | 22 | ||
| Prolapsed bladder and prolapsed viscera (Figs 2.3 & 2.4) | 23 | ||
| Uterine tears (Figs 2.5–2.7) | 23 | ||
| Uterine hemorrhage (Figs 2.8 & 2.9) | 25 | ||
| Retained fetal membranes (Figs 2.11–2.17) | 26 | ||
| Perineal laceration and rectovaginal fistulas (Figs 2.17–2.25) | 29 | ||
| Vulval hematoma (Figs 2.24–2.26) | 31 | ||
| Vaginal hematoma / abscessation | 32 | ||
| Urinary incontinence (Figs 2.27 & 2.28) | 32 | ||
| Miscellaneous gastrointestinal conditions (Figs 2.29–2.32) | 33 | ||
| Mastitis (Figs 2.33–2.36) | 34 | ||
| Examination of the placenta (Figs 2.37–2.70) | 35 | ||
| Recommended reading | 42 | ||
| CHAPTER 3: Neonatal examination, clinical procedures and nursing care | 43 | ||
| Introduction | 43 | ||
| Risk categories | 43 | ||
| Maturity (Figs 3.11–3.19) | 46 | ||
| Clinical examination (Figs 3.23–3.26) | 49 | ||
| Assessment of colostral quality (Figs 3.48–3.50) | 58 | ||
| Determination of serum IgG status | 59 | ||
| Blood tests: complete blood count and serum biochemistry | 60 | ||
| Resuscitation (Figs 3.53–3.60) | 61 | ||
| Whether or not to refer | 63 | ||
| Diagnostics | 64 | ||
| Clinical procedures | 68 | ||
| Fluid therapy (Figs 3.80–3.84) | 74 | ||
| Nursing care of critically ill foals (Figs 3.85–3.89) | 76 | ||
| Recommended reading | 78 | ||
| CHAPTER 4: The gastrointestinal system | 79 | ||
| Introduction | 79 | ||
| Diagnostic tests | 79 | ||
| Cleft palate (Figs 4.3–4.6) | 81 | ||
| Parrot mouth (brachygnathia) (Figs 4.7 & 4.8) | 83 | ||
| Sow mouth (prognathia) (Fig 4.9) | 83 | ||
| Dentigerous cyst (Figs 4.10 & 4.11) | 84 | ||
| Intestinal atresia – atresia ani /atresia coli (Figs 4.12–4.21) | 85 | ||
| Lethal white syndrome (Figs 4.22–4.24) | 88 | ||
| Meconium impaction (Figs 4.25–4.29) | 89 | ||
| Megaesophagus | 91 | ||
| Esophageal strictures (Figs 4.33–4.39) | 92 | ||
| Pharyngeal paralysis (Figs 4.40 & 4.41) | 93 | ||
| Choke (esophageal obstruction) (Figs 4.42 & 4.43) | 95 | ||
| Gastroduodenal ulceration (Figs 4.44–4.54) | 96 | ||
| Pyloric stenosis (Figs 4.55–4.63) | 99 | ||
| Differential diagnosis of diarrhea in foals by age group | 102 | ||
| Foal heat diarrhea (Fig 4.64) | 103 | ||
| Diarrhea secondary to meconium impaction (Figs 4.65 & 4.66) | 103 | ||
| Lactase deficiency | 104 | ||
| Sand enteritis / colitis (Figs 4.67 & 4.68) | 104 | ||
| Feeding errors | 105 | ||
| Antibiotic-induced diarrhea (Figs 4.69 & 4.70) | 105 | ||
| Rotaviral diarrhea (Fig 4.71) | 106 | ||
| Clostridial diarrhea (Figs 4.72–4.77) | 107 | ||
| Salmonellosis (Figs 4.78–4.80) | 108 | ||
| Colibacillosis | 110 | ||
| Parasitism (Figs 4.81–4.83) | 110 | ||
| Lawsonia intracellularis infection (Figs 4.84 & 4.85) | 111 | ||
| Rhodococcus equi infection | 112 | ||
| Actinobacillus equuli infection | 112 | ||
| Giardiasis | 112 | ||
| Cryptosporidiosis | 113 | ||
| Coccidiosis | 113 | ||
| Colic (Figs 4.86 & 4.87) | 113 | ||
| Impending enteritis / colitis (Figs 4.88 & 4.89) | 114 | ||
| Colon displacement | 115 | ||
| Colon torsion (Figs 4.90–4.95) | 115 | ||
| Small intestine obstruction (Figs 4.96–4.101) | 117 | ||
| Small intestinal volvulus (Figs 4.102–4.106) | 118 | ||
| Intussusception (Figs 4.107–4.114) | 119 | ||
| Hernias – umbilical, scrotal, inguinal (Figs 4.115–4.133) | 122 | ||
| Other causes of colic | 126 | ||
| Abdominal abscesses | 127 | ||
| Feeding the orphan foal (Figs 4.134–4.138) | 127 | ||
| Feeding the sick foal | 129 | ||
| Analgesic therapy for colicky foals | 131 | ||
| Recommended reading | 131 | ||
| CHAPTER 5: The respiratory system | 132 | ||
| Introduction | 132 | ||
| Diagnosis | 132 | ||
| Sinus cysts (Figs 5.16–5.18) | 136 | ||
| Choanal atresia (Fig 5.19) | 137 | ||
| Guttural pouch tympany (Figs 5.20–5.28) | 137 | ||
| Branchial cyst (Figs 5.29 & 5.30) | 139 | ||
| Epiglottic and pharyngeal cysts (Figs 5.31–5.33) | 140 | ||
| Restriction of the glossoepiglottic fold (Figs 5.34 & 5.35) | 141 | ||
| Soft palate elongation (Figs 5.36–5.38) | 142 | ||
| Tracheal collapse (Fig 5.39) | 143 | ||
| Wry nose (Figs 5.40–5.43) | 143 | ||
| Respiratory distress syndrome (Figs 5.44–5.48) | 145 | ||
| Meconium aspiration (Figs 5.49 & 5.50) | 146 | ||
| Equine herpes virus Type 1 and Type 4 (Fig 5.51) | 147 | ||
| Influenza | 148 | ||
| Rhodoccocus equi pneumonia (Figs 5.52–5.67) | 148 | ||
| Streptococcus equi var. equi (strangles) (Figs 5.68–5.73) | 153 | ||
| Streptococcus equi var. zooepidemicus lymphadenopathy | 155 | ||
| Pneumocystis carinii (Fig 5.74) | 155 | ||
| Pneumothorax (Figs 5.75 & 5.76) | 156 | ||
| Fractured ribs (Figs 5.77–5.89) | 156 | ||
| Diaphragmatic hernia (Figs 5.90–5.92) | 160 | ||
| Tracheal perforation (Figs 5.93–5.95) | 161 | ||
| Bacterial pneumonia (Figs 5.96–5.105) | 161 | ||
| Juvenile hyperactive airway disease (Figs 5.106–5.108) | 165 | ||
| Recommended reading | 166 | ||
| CHAPTER 6: The urinary system | 167 | ||
| Introduction | 167 | ||
| History and physical examination findings (Figs 6.1 & 6.2) | 167 | ||
| Laboratory findings | 168 | ||
| Diagnostic imaging | 169 | ||
| Renal agenesis | 171 | ||
| Renal dysplasia | 171 | ||
| Renal hypoplasia (Figs 6.10–6.14) | 171 | ||
| Renal cysts and polycystic renal disease (Figs 6.15 & 6.16) | 172 | ||
| Hydronephrosis (Figs 6.17–6.21) | 173 | ||
| Ectopic ureters | 174 | ||
| Patent urachus (Figs 6.22–6.27) | 175 | ||
| Uroperitoneum (Figs 6.28–6.49) | 176 | ||
| Omphalophlebitis (umbilical infection) (Figs 6.50 & 6.61) | 182 | ||
| Acute renal failure (Figs 6.62 & 6.63) | 183 | ||
| Pyelonephritis (Figs 6.64–6.66) | 187 | ||
| Cystitis | 188 | ||
| Recommended reading | 188 | ||
| CHAPTER 7: Cardiovascular system | 189 | ||
| Cardiovascular examination (Figs 7.1 & 7.2) | 189 | ||
| Cardiovascular system of the neonate (Figs 7.15 & 7.16) | 191 | ||
| Persistent neonatal pulmonary hypertension (Fig 7.17) | 194 | ||
| Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (Figs 7.18–7.21) | 196 | ||
| Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (Figs 7.22–7.28) | 196 | ||
| Atrial septal defect (ASD) (Fig 7.29) | 198 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot (Figs 7.30–7.32) | 199 | ||
| Tricuspid atresia (Figs 7.33 & 7.34) | 200 | ||
| Great vessel transposition (Figs 7.35 & 7.36) | 200 | ||
| Truncus arteriosus (Fig 7.37) | 200 | ||
| Cardiac ectopia | 200 | ||
| Coagulation defects (Figs 7.38–7.40) | 200 | ||
| Arrhythmias | 204 | ||
| Sinus arrhythmia | 204 | ||
| Sinus tachycardia | 204 | ||
| Sinoatrial arrest (Fig 7.41) | 204 | ||
| Atrioventricular block (Fig 7.42) | 204 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation (Fig 7.43) | 205 | ||
| Premature atrial beats (PAB) (Fig 7.44) | 205 | ||
| Ventricular premature contractions (VPC) (Figs 7.45–7.47) | 206 | ||
| Ruptured chordae tendinae (Figs 7.48 & 7.49) | 207 | ||
| Endocarditis (Figs 7.50–7.57) | 207 | ||
| Pericarditis (Figs 7.58 & 7.59) | 208 | ||
| Thrombophlebitis (Fig 7.60) | 210 | ||
| Thrombocytopenia (Fig 7.61) | 210 | ||
| Recommended reading | 211 | ||
| CHAPTER 8: The muscular system | 212 | ||
| Introduction | 212 | ||
| Serum enzyme activities | 212 | ||
| Muscle biopsy (Figs 8.1 & 8.2) | 212 | ||
| Electromyography (Fig 8.3) | 213 | ||
| Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (Figs 8.4–8.6) | 213 | ||
| Myotonia congenita (Fig 8.7) | 215 | ||
| Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency | 215 | ||
| Muscle atrophy (Figs 8.8–8.10) | 216 | ||
| Muscle necrosis (Figs 8.11–8.15) | 216 | ||
| Nutritional myodegeneration (NMD) / vitamin E & selenium deficiency / white muscle disease (Figs 8.16 & 8.17) | 218 | ||
| Immune-mediated myopathy associated with Streptococcus equi infection (Fig 8.18) | 219 | ||
| Post-anesthetic myoneuropathy (Fig 8.19) | 220 | ||
| Rupture of the peroneus tertius (Figs 8.20 & 8.21) | 220 | ||
| Gastrocnemius muscle rupture (Figs 8.22–8.27) | 221 | ||
| Recommended reading | 223 | ||
| CHAPTER 9: The skeletal system | 224 | ||
| Deformities of the vertebral column (Figs 9.1–9.4) | 224 | ||
| Polydactyl (Figs 9.5–9.8) | 224 | ||
| Windswept (Figs 9.9–9.12) | 226 | ||
| Congenital contracted tendons (Figs 9.13–9.18) | 228 | ||
| Congenital joint contracture (Figs 9.19–9.25) | 229 | ||
| Flexural laxity (Figs 9.26–9.28) | 232 | ||
| Congenital luxation of the patella (Figs 9.29 & 9.30) | 232 | ||
| Common digital extensor tendon rupture (Figs 9.31 & 9.32) | 235 | ||
| Tarsal collapse and incomplete ossification (Figs 9.33–9.42) | 236 | ||
| Acquired contracted tendons (Figs 9.43–9.45) | 236 | ||
| Angular limb deformities (Figs 9.46–9.58) | 240 | ||
| Septic arthritis (Figs 9.60–9.107) | 244 | ||
| Laminitis (Fig 9.108) | 260 | ||
| Fractures of the pedal bone (Figs 9.109–9.112) | 260 | ||
| Fractures of the proximal sesamoids (Figs 9.113–9.115) | 265 | ||
| Osteochondrosis (Figs 9.116–9.130) | 267 | ||
| Epiphysitis and physitis (Figs 9.131 & 9.133) | 272 | ||
| Splint bone fracture (Figs 9.134 & 9.135) | 273 | ||
| Salter–Harris fractures / injuries (Fig 9.136) | 274 | ||
| Ischemic necrosis of the medial femoral condyle (Figs 9.137 & 9.138) | 275 | ||
| Recommended reading | 276 | ||
| CHAPTER 10: The liver, peritoneum and spleen | 277 | ||
| Liver-specific laboratory tests | 277 | ||
| Tyzzer’s disease (Figs 10.1–10.3) | 278 | ||
| Equine herpes virus 1 hepatitis (Figs 10.4–10.10) (see Chapter 1 p. 11; Chapter 5 p. 147) | 279 | ||
| Liver failure in foals following neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) (Fig 10.11) | 281 | ||
| Bile duct obstruction (Figs 10.12–10.17) | 281 | ||
| Umbilical vein abscess into the liver (Figs 10.18 & 10.19) | 283 | ||
| Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (Figs 10.20 & 10.21) | 284 | ||
| Toxic hepatopathy (Figs 10.22–10.24) | 285 | ||
| Portosystemic shunt (Figs 10.25–10.27) | 285 | ||
| Hyperammonemia of Morgan foals (Fig 10.28) | 286 | ||
| Hepatic lipidosis (Fig 10.29) | 286 | ||
| Peritonitis (Figs 10.30–10.40) | 288 | ||
| Omental prolapse (Fig 10.41) | 289 | ||
| Chyloabdomen (Fig 10.42) | 290 | ||
| Recommended reading | 292 | ||
| CHAPTER 11: The immune system | 293 | ||
| Introduction | 293 | ||
| Immunodeficiencies | 293 | ||
| Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (Fig 11.1) | 293 | ||
| Agammaglobulinemia | 294 | ||
| Transient hypogammaglobulinemia | 294 | ||
| Selective IgM deficiency | 295 | ||
| Fell pony syndrome (anemia, immunodeficiency and peripheral ganglionopathy) (Figs 11.2–11.4) | 295 | ||
| Miscellaneous primary immunodeficiencies | 296 | ||
| Failure of passive transfer (FPT) | 297 | ||
| Perinatal herpes virus infection | 298 | ||
| Miscellaneous secondary immunodeficiencies | 298 | ||
| Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) (Figs 11.5–11.10) | 298 | ||
| Transfusion reactions (Fig 11.14) | 303 | ||
| Recommended reading | 304 | ||
| CHAPTER 12: The integumentary system | 306 | ||
| Approach to suspected conditions of the integumentary system | 306 | ||
| Diagnostic tests (Fig 12.1) | 306 | ||
| Epitheliogenesis imperfecta (Fig 12.6) | 308 | ||
| Epidermolysis bullosa (Fig 12.7) | 308 | ||
| Dentigerous cyst (Fig 12.8) | 309 | ||
| Dermoid cyst (Fig 12.9) | 309 | ||
| Epidermoid cysts (atheroma) (Fig 12.10) | 309 | ||
| Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) (Figs 12.11–12.13) | 310 | ||
| Cutaneous hemangioma / vascular hamartoma (Fig 12.14) | 311 | ||
| Congenital papillomas (Figs 12.15–12.17) | 311 | ||
| Anagen defluxion / Telogen defluxion (Fig 12.18) | 311 | ||
| Pemphigus foliaceus (Figs 12.19–12.21) | 312 | ||
| Dermatitis (Figs 12.22–12.24) | 314 | ||
| Decubitus ulcers / pressure necrosis (Figs 12.25–12.27) | 314 | ||
| Folliculitis and furunculosis (Fig 12.28) | 315 | ||
| Dermatophytosis / ringworm (Figs 12.29–12.31) | 316 | ||
| Myiasis (Figs 12.32 & 12.33) | 317 | ||
| Pediculosis / louse infestation (Figs 12.34 & 12.35) | 317 | ||
| Sarcoids (Fig 12.36) | 318 | ||
| Papillomatosis / grass warts (Figs 12.37 & 12.38) | 319 | ||
| Recommended reading | 319 | ||
| CHAPTER 13: The endocrine and metabolic systems | 320 | ||
| Neonatal hypoadrenocorticism | 320 | ||
| Hypothyroidism (Fig 13.1) | 321 | ||
| Idiopathic hypocalcemia | 322 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism (nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism) (Figs 13.2–13.5) | 322 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 323 | ||
| Malnutrition (Figs 13.6 & 13.7) | 324 | ||
| Recommended reading | 325 | ||
| CHAPTER 14: The eye and related structures | 326 | ||
| Ophthalmologic examination of the foal (Figs 14.1–14.5) | 326 | ||
| Cataracts (Figs 14.6–14.9) | 328 | ||
| Ankyloblepharon / symblepharon (Fig 14.10) | 329 | ||
| Ocular dermoid (Fig 14.11) | 330 | ||
| Anophthalmia / microphthalmia (Figs 14.12 & 14.13) | 330 | ||
| Distichiasis / trichiasis (Figs 14.14 & 14.15) | 330 | ||
| Persistent hyaloid artery (Fig 14.16) | 331 | ||
| Persistent pupillary membranes | 331 | ||
| Entropion (Figs 14.17–14.21) | 332 | ||
| Coloboma | 332 | ||
| Iris abnormalities (Fig 14.22) | 334 | ||
| Atresia of the nasolacrimal duct (Figs 14.23–14.26) | 334 | ||
| Corneal ulceration (Figs 14.27–14.45) | 334 | ||
| Corneal stromal abscess (Figs 14.46–14.52) | 340 | ||
| Uveitis (Figs 14.53 & 14.54) | 343 | ||
| Glaucoma (Figs 14.55–14.57) | 343 | ||
| Eyelid lacerations (Figs 14.58–14.60) | 344 | ||
| Recommended reading | 346 | ||
| CHAPTER 15: The nervous system | 347 | ||
| Introduction | 347 | ||
| Neurological examination | 347 | ||
| Adjunct examinations | 347 | ||
| Myelodysplasias | 352 | ||
| Encephalocele / meningocele (Fig 15.16) | 352 | ||
| Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (OAAM) (Fig 15.17) | 352 | ||
| Cerebellar hypoplasia (Fig 15.18) | 353 | ||
| Cerebellar abiotrophy | 353 | ||
| Juvenile epilepsy / Lavender foal syndrome (Figs 15.19 & 15.20) | 354 | ||
| Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (neonatal maladjustment syndrome) (Figs 15.21–15.27) | 355 | ||
| Hydrocephalus (Fig 15.28) | 359 | ||
| Narcolepsy / cataplexy (Fig 15.29) | 359 | ||
| Meningitis (Figs 15.30–15.33) | 360 | ||
| Cerebral abscess (Fig 15.34) | 361 | ||
| Viral encephalitis | 362 | ||
| Cerebral trauma (Figs 15.35–15.40) | 363 | ||
| Head tilt / facial nerve paresis (Figs 15.41–15.43) | 363 | ||
| Vertebral / spinal trauma (Figs 15.44–15.49) | 366 | ||
| Thoracolumbar trauma | 368 | ||
| Sacrococcygeal trauma | 368 | ||
| Peripheral nerves (Figs 15.50–15.52) | 369 | ||
| Vertebral osteomyelitis (Fig 15.53) | 370 | ||
| Cervical vertebral malformation / cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (Figs 15.54–15.56) | 370 | ||
| Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis | 373 | ||
| Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM) | 373 | ||
| Botulism (“shaker foal” disease) (Figs 15.57–15.60) | 373 | ||
| Tetanus | 375 | ||
| Rabies (Fig 15.61) | 376 | ||
| Recommended reading | 377 | ||
| APPENDIX 1: Foal admission assessment | 378 | ||
| APPENDIX 2: Foaling record sheet | 380 | ||
| APPENDIX 3: Reference values for hematology | 382 | ||
| APPENDIX 4: Reference values for biochemistry | 383 | ||
| APPENDIX 5: Formulary | 384 | ||
| Guidelines for drug use in the neonate | 391 | ||
| INDEX | 393 |