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Book Details
Abstract
Safely perform and accurately interpret pediatric imaging studies with this concise, highly illustrated resource! Written by Lane F. Donnelly, MD, Fundamentals of Pediatric Imaging, 2nd Edition, covers the essential concepts residents and practitioners need to know, laying a solid foundation for understanding the basics and making accurate radiologic diagnoses. This easy-to-use title in the Fundamentals of Radiology series emphasizes advanced imaging techniques, including neuro applications, while highlighting the basic anatomy needed to understand this complex specialty.
- Nearly 650 high-quality, clinically relevant digital images clearly demonstrate essential concepts, techniques, and interpretation skills.
- Advanced MR imaging topics such as MR enterography, MR urography, and cardiac CT and MRI are thoroughly discussed.
- Reader-friendly lists, tables, and images make reference quick and easy.
- Edited by Lane F. Donnelly, MD, recipient of the Society of Pediatric Radiology’s 2009 Singleton-Taybi Award for professional lifetime dedication to medical education.
- Newly revised information on quality and safety topics, neurologic imaging, ultrasound in pediatric imaging, and much more.
- For the first time, additional experts provide updates in their areas of expertise: neurologic, musculoskeletal, cardiac, chest, and GU imaging.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| FUNDAMENTALS OF Pediatric Imaging | i | ||
| FUNDAMENTALS OF Pediatric Imaging | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | vi | ||
| Contents | viii | ||
| 1 - Special Considerations in Pediatric Imaging | 1 | ||
| PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY AS A POTENTIAL CAREER | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC IMAGING | 1 | ||
| Relationship Between Imager and Parents | 1 | ||
| Professionalism and Effective Communication | 2 | ||
| Inability to Cooperate | 2 | ||
| Variable Size and Physiology | 5 | ||
| Age-Related Changes in Imaging Appearance | 5 | ||
| Age-Related Differential Diagnoses | 5 | ||
| Quality and Patient Safety | 5 | ||
| RADIATION SAFETY | 6 | ||
| 2 - AIRWAY\r | 8 | ||
| ACUTE UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION | 8 | ||
| Croup | 8 | ||
| Epiglottitis | 8 | ||
| Exudative Tracheitis | 11 | ||
| Retropharyngeal Cellulitis and Abscess | 11 | ||
| LOWER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION | 13 | ||
| Extrinsic Lower Airway Compression | 14 | ||
| DOUBLE AORTIC ARCH | 14 | ||
| ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY (PULMONARY SLING) | 14 | ||
| RIGHT AORTIC ARCH WITH ABERRANT LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY | 16 | ||
| INNOMINATE ARTERY COMPRESSION SYNDROME | 16 | ||
| Intrinsic Lower Airway Obstruction | 17 | ||
| AIRWAY FOREIGN BODY | 18 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 18 | ||
| Recurrent and Enlarged Adenoid Tonsils | 20 | ||
| Enlarged Palatine Tonsils | 21 | ||
| Enlarged Lingual Tonsils | 21 | ||
| Glossoptosis | 22 | ||
| Hypopharyngeal (Retroglossal) Collapse | 22 | ||
| Abnormal Soft Palate | 23 | ||
| CONGENITAL AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION | 24 | ||
| 3 - CHEST\r | 26 | ||
| NEONATAL CHEST | 26 | ||
| Diffuse Pulmonary Disease in the Newborn | 26 | ||
| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome | 26 | ||
| Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn | 27 | ||
| Neonatal Pneumonia | 27 | ||
| Surfactant-Deficient Disease | 27 | ||
| Surfactant Replacement Therapy | 28 | ||
| Group B Streptococcal Pneumonia | 29 | ||
| Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn | 29 | ||
| Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Support Apparatus | 29 | ||
| Umbilical Arterial and Venous Catheters | 30 | ||
| Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Children | 31 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 31 | ||
| Types of Ventilation: High-Frequency Oscillator versus Conventional Ventilation | 32 | ||
| Complications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | 32 | ||
| Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema | 32 | ||
| Causes of Acute Diffuse Pulmonary Consolidation | 33 | ||
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | 34 | ||
| Focal Pulmonary Lesions in the Newborn | 34 | ||
| Congenital Lobar Emphysema | 36 | ||
| Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation | 36 | ||
| Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | 37 | ||
| Sequestration | 38 | ||
| Bronchogenic Cyst | 39 | ||
| ROLES OF IMAGING IN PEDIATRIC PNEUMONIA | 39 | ||
| Confirmation or Exclusion of Pneumonia | 40 | ||
| Characterization and Prediction of Infectious Agent | 40 | ||
| Exclusion of Other Pathologic Processes | 44 | ||
| Failure to Resolve | 44 | ||
| Complications of Pneumonia | 44 | ||
| PRIMARY EVALUATION OF PARAPNEUMONIC EFFUSIONS | 44 | ||
| EVALUATION OF PERSISTENT OR PROGRESSIVE SYMPTOMS | 47 | ||
| LUNG PARENCHYMAL COMPLICATIONS | 47 | ||
| CHRONIC LUNG COMPLICATIONS OF PNEUMONIA | 48 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 50 | ||
| COMMON CHRONIC OR RECURRENT PULMONARY PROBLEMS IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS | 51 | ||
| Pneumonia in Immunodeficient Children | 51 | ||
| Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Anemia | 51 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis | 51 | ||
| HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN | 53 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Questioned Chronic Aspiration | 53 | ||
| Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease | 53 | ||
| Trauma | 54 | ||
| RIB FRACTURES AND LUNG CONTUSION | 54 | ||
| MEDIASTINAL INJURY | 54 | ||
| HYDROCARBON INGESTION | 54 | ||
| Mediastinal Masses | 55 | ||
| ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM | 55 | ||
| NORMAL THYMUS | 55 | ||
| LYMPHOMA | 57 | ||
| Middle Mediastinal Masses | 60 | ||
| Posterior Mediastinal Masses | 60 | ||
| NEUROBLASTOMA | 60 | ||
| Pediatric Chest Wall Masses | 62 | ||
| 4 - CARDIAC\r | 66 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 66 | ||
| Echocardiography | 66 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography | 66 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 67 | ||
| Computed Tomography versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 68 | ||
| Catheter Angiography | 68 | ||
| Approach to the Chest Radiograph in Congenital Heart Disease | 68 | ||
| PULMONARY VASCULARITY | 68 | ||
| CARDIAC SIZE | 69 | ||
| SITUS | 70 | ||
| POSITION OF AORTIC ARCH | 71 | ||
| CATEGORIZATION OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 72 | ||
| Blue, Decreased Pulmonary Arterial Flow, Mild Cardiomegaly | 72 | ||
| TETRALOGY OF FALLOT | 72 | ||
| Blue, Decreased Pulmonary Arterial Flow, Massive Cardiomegaly | 73 | ||
| EBSTEIN ANOMALY | 74 | ||
| PULMONARY ATRESIA WITH INTACT VENTRICULAR SEPTUM | 74 | ||
| Blue, Increased Flow | 75 | ||
| TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS | 75 | ||
| TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN | 77 | ||
| Blue, Variable Pulmonary Arterial Flow | 77 | ||
| D-TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES | 78 | ||
| TRICUSPID ATRESIA | 79 | ||
| Pink, Increased Pulmonary Arterial Flow | 79 | ||
| Pink (or Dusky) With Increased Pulmonary Venous Flow | 80 | ||
| HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME | 80 | ||
| Pink, Normal Pulmonary Arterial Flow | 81 | ||
| OBSTRUCTIVE LESIONS | 82 | ||
| AORTIC STENOSIS | 82 | ||
| PULMONIC STENOSIS | 83 | ||
| COARCTATION OF THE AORTA | 83 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF CONOTRUNCAL ROTATION | 84 | ||
| SURGERIES FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 88 | ||
| Acquired Heart Disease | 88 | ||
| KAWASAKI DISEASE | 89 | ||
| CARDIAC MASSES | 89 | ||
| 5 - Gastrointestinal\r | 92 | ||
| NEONATAL | 92 | ||
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 92 | ||
| High Intestinal Obstruction in Neonates | 93 | ||
| DUODENAL ATRESIA, STENOSIS, WEB, AND ANNULAR PANCREAS | 94 | ||
| MALROTATION AND MIDGUT VOLVULUS | 95 | ||
| Performing an Upper Gastrointestinal Series in an Infant | 98 | ||
| Low Intestinal Obstruction in Neonates | 100 | ||
| MECONIUM ILEUS | 101 | ||
| HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE | 101 | ||
| MECONIUM PLUG SYNDROME | 102 | ||
| Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula | 105 | ||
| Abnormalities of Anterior Abdominal Wall | 106 | ||
| The Vomiting Infant | 106 | ||
| Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis | 107 | ||
| INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN | 108 | ||
| Appendicitis | 108 | ||
| Intussusception | 109 | ||
| Imaging-Guided Reduction of Intussusception | 110 | ||
| Meckel Diverticulum | 113 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Duplication Cysts | 114 | ||
| SWALLOWED FOREIGN BODIES | 114 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF THE PEDIATRIC MESENTERY | 116 | ||
| Mesenteric Adenitis | 117 | ||
| NEONATAL JAUNDICE | 117 | ||
| Biliary Atresia versus Neonatal Hepatitis | 117 | ||
| Choledochal Cyst | 118 | ||
| LIVER MASSES | 118 | ||
| Hepatoblastoma | 119 | ||
| Childhood Liver Hemangiomas | 120 | ||
| Mesenchymal Hamartoma of the Liver | 120 | ||
| BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA | 122 | ||
| Parenchymal Organ Injuries | 122 | ||
| Bowel Injury | 122 | ||
| Hypoperfusion Complex | 123 | ||
| THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILD | 124 | ||
| Pseudomembranous Colitis | 124 | ||
| Neutropenic Colitis | 125 | ||
| Graft-versus-Host Disease | 126 | ||
| Mucositis | 126 | ||
| Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 126 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO CYSTIC FIBROSIS | 127 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN CHILDREN | 127 | ||
| PEDIATRIC OBESITY | 128 | ||
| 6 - Genitourinary\r | 130 | ||
| URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS | 130 | ||
| Renal Ultrasound | 130 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Urography | 131 | ||
| Fluoroscopic Voiding Cystourethrogram | 131 | ||
| Acute Pyelonephritis | 132 | ||
| Chronic Pyelonephritis | 132 | ||
| EVALUATION OF PRENATALLY DIAGNOSED HYDRONEPHROSIS | 133 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 133 | ||
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | 134 | ||
| Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction | 135 | ||
| Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney | 136 | ||
| Ureteropelvic Duplications | 137 | ||
| URETEROCELE | 140 | ||
| Renal Ectopia and Fusion | 140 | ||
| Primary Megaureter | 142 | ||
| Posterior Urethral Valves | 142 | ||
| Urachal Abnormalities | 142 | ||
| Prune-Belly Syndrome | 145 | ||
| Hydrometrocolpos | 145 | ||
| Renal Cystic Disease | 147 | ||
| AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 147 | ||
| AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 147 | ||
| RENAL TUMORS | 147 | ||
| Wilms Tumor | 147 | ||
| Nephroblastomatosis | 149 | ||
| Multilocular Cystic Nephroma | 149 | ||
| Mesoblastic Nephroma | 151 | ||
| Other Renal Tumors | 151 | ||
| ANGIOMYOLIPOMA | 151 | ||
| ADRENAL GLANDS | 153 | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 153 | ||
| Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage | 154 | ||
| PELVIC RHABDOMYOSARCOMA | 155 | ||
| SACROCOCCYGEAL TERATOMA | 155 | ||
| SCROTUM | 156 | ||
| Testicular Microlithiasis | 159 | ||
| The Acute Scrotum | 159 | ||
| ACUTE PELVIC PAIN IN OLDER GIRLS AND ADOLESCENTS | 160 | ||
| 7 - Musculoskeletal\r | 164 | ||
| NORMAL VARIANTS AND COMMON BENIGN ENTITIES | 164 | ||
| Apophyseal and Epiphyseal Irregularity | 164 | ||
| Distal Femoral Metaphyseal Irregularity | 164 | ||
| Benign Fibrous Cortical Defects | 168 | ||
| TRAUMA | 170 | ||
| Involvement of the Physis | 171 | ||
| Commonly Encountered Fractures by Anatomic Location | 172 | ||
| WRIST | 175 | ||
| ELBOW | 175 | ||
| ANKLE | 178 | ||
| Toddler Fracture | 182 | ||
| Avulsion Fractures in Adolescents | 183 | ||
| Child Abuse | 185 | ||
| PERIOSTEAL REACTION IN THE NEWBORN | 192 | ||
| TORCH Infections | 192 | ||
| CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME | 192 | ||
| SYPHILIS | 192 | ||
| Caffey Disease (Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis) | 194 | ||
| LUCENT PERMEATIVE LESIONS IN CHILDREN | 194 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 194 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 197 | ||
| Ewing Sarcoma | 199 | ||
| Metastatic Disease | 199 | ||
| FOCAL SCLEROTIC LESIONS IN CHILDREN | 199 | ||
| Osteoid Osteoma | 199 | ||
| Stress Fracture | 199 | ||
| Osteosarcoma | 203 | ||
| MULTIFOCAL BONE LESIONS IN CHILDREN | 205 | ||
| CONSTITUTIONAL DISORDERS OF BONE | 207 | ||
| Skeletal Dysplasias | 207 | ||
| ACHONDROPLASIA | 209 | ||
| Mucopolysaccharidoses | 209 | ||
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 209 | ||
| Osteopetrosis | 212 | ||
| HIP DISORDERS | 214 | ||
| Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip | 214 | ||
| Chronic Hip Subluxation | 216 | ||
| Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency | 217 | ||
| Septic Arthritis | 217 | ||
| Toxic Synovitis | 219 | ||
| Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease | 219 | ||
| Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | 220 | ||
| METABOLIC DISORDERS | 221 | ||
| Rickets | 221 | ||
| Lead Poisoning | 221 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS | 221 | ||
| Scoliosis | 221 | ||
| Osteochondral Lesions | 223 | ||
| Panner Disease | 223 | ||
| Abnormalities of Skeletal Maturity: Bone Age | 223 | ||
| Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | 225 | ||
| Hemophilia | 225 | ||
| Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia | 228 | ||
| Radial Dysplasia | 229 | ||
| Blount Disease | 229 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis | 229 | ||
| Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus) | 229 | ||
| Tarsal Coalition | 231 | ||
| DISORDERS AFFECTING PRIMARILY SOFT TISSUES | 232 | ||
| Vascular anomalies | 232 | ||
| VASCULAR TUMORS | 233 | ||
| VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS | 235 | ||
| Dermatomyositis | 237 | ||
| Soft Tissue Malignancies | 238 | ||
| Mimickers of Soft Tissue Malignancies | 238 | ||
| MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS | 240 | ||
| CHRONIC FOREIGN BODY | 240 | ||
| POSTTRAUMATIC FAT NECROSIS | 240 | ||
| FIBROMATOSIS COLLI | 242 | ||
| 8 - Neuro | 243 | ||
| Diffusion-Weighted Imaging | 243 | ||
| Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography | 244 | ||
| Perfusion | 247 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 247 | ||
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 249 | ||
| NEONATAL HEAD ULTRASOUND | 252 | ||
| Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage | 252 | ||
| Hypoxic Ischemic Insult and White Matter Injury of Prematurity | 255 | ||
| Benign Enlargement of Extraaxial Spaces | 256 | ||
| NORMAL MYELINATION | 257 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES | 260 | ||
| Chiari | 260 | ||
| CHIARI TYPE 1 | 260 | ||
| CHIARI TYPE 2 | 262 | ||
| Holoprosencephaly | 267 | ||
| Septo-optic Dysplasia | 267 | ||
| Dysgenesis of Corpus Callosum | 269 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Anomalies with Enlarged Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces | 270 | ||
| Gray Matter Heterotopias | 271 | ||
| Lissencephaly (Agyria-Pachygyria) | 271 | ||
| Schizencephaly | 274 | ||
| Polymicrogyria | 274 | ||
| Cortical Dysplasia | 274 | ||
| Hemimegalencephaly | 275 | ||
| Vein of Galen Malformations | 275 | ||
| SEQUELAE OF IN UTERO INSULTS | 277 | ||
| Porencephaly and Encephalomalacia | 277 | ||
| Hydranencephaly | 278 | ||
| NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES | 279 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis | 279 | ||
| Tuberous Sclerosis | 279 | ||
| Sturge-Weber Syndrome | 283 | ||
| METABOLIC AND DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS | 283 | ||
| INFECTION | 285 | ||
| Congenital Infections | 285 | ||
| Encephalitis | 285 | ||
| TUMORS | 287 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Tumors | 287 | ||
| CEREBELLAR ASTROCYTOMA | 290 | ||
| MEDULLOBLASTOMA | 290 | ||
| BRAINSTEM GLIOMA | 293 | ||
| EPENDYMOMA | 293 | ||
| Supratentorial Tumors | 295 | ||
| Intraventricular Tumors | 298 | ||
| Sellar and Suprasellar Tumors | 298 | ||
| OPTIC AND HYPOTHALAMIC ASTROCYTOMA | 298 | ||
| GERM CELL TUMOR | 298 | ||
| CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA | 298 | ||
| HYPOTHALAMIC HAMARTOMA | 299 | ||
| PINEAL TUMORS | 299 | ||
| TRAUMA | 300 | ||
| Abuse | 301 | ||
| HYDROCEPHALUS AND VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNTS | 301 | ||
| CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | 302 | ||
| LACUNAR SKULL | 306 | ||
| HEAD AND NECK INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS PROCESSES | 308 | ||
| Orbital Cellulites | 308 | ||
| Acute Otomastoiditis | 309 | ||
| Suppurative Adenites | 309 | ||
| RETINOBLASTOMA | 310 | ||
| NECK MASSES | 310 | ||
| CONGENITAL VERTEBRAL ANOMALIES | 311 | ||
| SPINAL DYSRAPHISM | 312 | ||
| SPINAL TRAUMA | 314 | ||
| NORMAL VARIANTS AND CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE | 316 | ||
| ATLANTOAXIAL INSTABILITY | 318 | ||
| SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS | 318 | ||
| INDEX | 321 | ||
| A | 321 | ||
| B | 322 | ||
| C | 322 | ||
| D | 324 | ||
| E | 325 | ||
| F | 325 | ||
| G | 326 | ||
| H | 327 | ||
| I | 327 | ||
| J | 328 | ||
| K | 328 | ||
| L | 328 | ||
| M | 328 | ||
| N | 329 | ||
| O | 330 | ||
| P | 331 | ||
| Q | 332 | ||
| R | 332 | ||
| S | 332 | ||
| T | 333 | ||
| U | 333 | ||
| V | 333 | ||
| W | 334 | ||
| Z | 334 |