Menu Expand
Disorders of the Oral Cavity, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, E-Book

Disorders of the Oral Cavity, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, E-Book

Vittorio Capello

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice focuses on Disorders of the Oral Cavity. Articles include: Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Pet Fishes; Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Reptiles and Amphibians; Anatomy and Disorders of the Beak and Oral Cavity of Birds; Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Pet Rabbits; Diagnostic Imaging of Dental Disease of Pet Rabbits; Surgical Treatment of Facial Abscesses in Pet Rabbits; Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Guinea Pigs; Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Chinchillas; Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Rat-like and Squirrel-like Rodents; and more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Disorders of the Oral Cavity \r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents v
Preface: New Perspectives on Dentistry and Oral Disorders of Exotic Companion Animals\r v
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Ornamental Fish\r v
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Reptiles and Amphibians\r v
Anatomy and Disorders of the Beak and Oral Cavity of Birds\r v
Anatomy, Physiology and Non-dental Disorders of the Mouth of Pet Rabbits\r v
Diagnostic Imaging of Dental Disease in Pet Rabbits and Rodents\r vi
Intraoral Treatment of Dental Disease in Pet Rabbits\r vi
Surgical Treatment of Facial Abscesses and Facial Surgery in Pet Rabbits\r vi
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Guinea Pigs\r vii
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Chinchillas and Degus\r vii
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Rat-like and Squirrel-like Rodents\r vii
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Ferrets and Other Exotic Companion Carnivores\r vii
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Miscellaneous Exotic Companion Mammals\r viii
VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: EXOTIC\rANIMAL PRACTICE\r ix
FORTHCOMING ISSUES ix
January 2017 ix
May 2017 ix
September 2017 ix
RECENT ISSUES ix
May 2016 ix
January 2016 ix
September 2015 ix
Preface:\rNew Perspectives on Dentistry and Oral Disorders of Exotic Companion Animals xi
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Ornamental Fish 669
Key points 669
INTRODUCTION 669
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN FISH 669
Skeletal Structure of the Oral Cavity 670
Dentition in Fish 671
Soft Tissue of the Oral Cavity 671
Feeding Behaviors 672
Mouthbrooding 673
CLINICAL DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY 674
Infectious Diseases 675
Viral diseases of concern affecting the oral cavity 675
Bacterial diseases of concern affecting the oral cavity 676
Parasitic diseases affecting the oral cavity 678
Fungal infections of the oral cavity 680
Neoplasia of the Oral Cavity 680
Miscellaneous Disorders of the Oral Cavity 681
SUMMARY 683
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 683
REFERENCES 684
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Reptiles and Amphibians 689
Key points 689
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY 689
The Reptile Oral Cavity 689
Chelonians 690
Lizards 691
Snakes 691
Crocodilians 692
The Amphibian Oral Cavity 693
DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN REPTILES 694
Infectious Stomatitis 694
Bacterial stomatitis 694
Viral stomatitis 696
Fungal stomatitis 696
Parasitic stomatitis 696
Infectious Cheilitis 697
Periodontal Disease 697
Neoplasia 698
Congenital 698
Nutritional 699
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism 699
Hypovitaminosis C 699
Hypovitaminosis E and selenium deficiency 700
Trauma 700
Toxins 701
Beak Overgrowth 702
DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN AMPHIBIANS 702
Infectious Stomatitis 702
Neoplasia 703
Nutritional 703
Trauma 703
SUMMARY 704
REFERENCES 704
Anatomy and Disorders of the Beak and Oral Cavity of Birds 707
Key points 707
INTRODUCTION 707
ANATOMY AND FUNCTION 708
General Gross Anatomic Terminology 708
Musculoskeletal Anatomy 708
Bones, joints, and cranial kinesis 708
Muscles and motor innervation 709
Soft Tissue Anatomy 711
Epithelial and dermal structures of the beak 711
Vascular anatomy 712
Innervation of the beak 712
Thermoregulation 712
Gastrointestinal Anatomy of the Oral Cavity 713
Respiratory Anatomy of the Oral Cavity 713
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING 714
Imaging 714
Plain radiography 714
Computed tomography 714
Other imaging modalities 716
Cytology and Special Stains 716
Microbiology 717
BEAK AND ORAL CAVITY DISORDERS AND TREATMENT 717
Developmental Beak Deviations 717
Lateral beak deviation (scissors beak) 718
Surgical corrective techniques for lateral beak deviation 718
Mandibular prognathism 720
Surgical corrective techniques for mandibular prognathism 720
Trauma 721
Beak fractures 721
Mandibular symphyseal diastasis and fracture 721
Palatine bone luxation 722
Beak avulsion 723
Beak prosthetics 723
Lingual Entrapment 725
Nutritional Disease 725
Neoplasia 725
Squamous cell carcinoma 725
Melanoma 727
Fibroma and fibrosarcoma 727
Mucosal papillomas 727
INFECTIOUS DISEASES 727
Viral Diseases 727
Bacterial Diseases 729
Mycotic Diseases 729
PARASITIC DISEASES 730
Ectoparasites 730
Endoparasites 730
TOXINS 731
RHAMPHOTHECAL OVERGROWTH AND DEFORMITY 731
Rhamphothecal Reshaping 731
Procedural Concepts 732
REFERENCES 732
Anatomy, Physiology and Non-dental Disorders of the Mouth of Pet Rabbits 737
Key points 737
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RABBIT MOUTH 737
Dentition 737
Lips 739
Jaws 739
Anatomy and Physiology of the Teeth 740
Microanatomy of the Teeth 741
Incisor Teeth 741
Cheek Teeth 742
Mastication 743
Etiopathogenesis of Dental Disease 745
Salivary Glands 746
Tongue 746
NON-DENTAL DISEASES OF THE MOUTH AND JAWS 747
Lips 748
Tongue 748
Salivary Glands 749
Neoplasms 749
Congenital Abnormalities 749
Traumatic Lesions 751
REFERENCES 752
Diagnostic Imaging of Dental Disease in Pet Rabbits and Rodents 757
Key points 757
INTRODUCTION 757
BEFORE DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING: THE CLINICAL EXAMINATION 758
RADIOLOGY 758
Radiography 759
Digital modalities 759
Intraoral radiography 760
Intraoral films and plates used extraorally 760
Extraoral radiography 760
Radiographic projections and normal radiographic anatomy of the head 760
Interpretation of radiographs of the skull 761
Computed Tomography 762
Basic principles 762
Patient positioning and anesthesia 764
Interpretation of computed tomography 765
Indication for computed tomography 765
Radiography versus computed tomography 769
Microcomputed tomography 770
ORAL ENDOSCOPY 770
Indications 770
Equipment 771
Endoscopy of the Normal Oral Cavity in the Rabbit, Guinea Pig, and Chinchilla 772
Rabbit 772
Guinea pig 773
Chinchilla 774
Endoscopic Abnormalities of the Cheek Teeth in the Rabbit, Guinea Pig, and Chinchilla 775
Rabbit 775
Guinea pig 776
Chinchillas 777
MRI 777
Indications and Applications for Rabbit and Rodent Dental Disease 779
SUMMARY 780
REFERENCES 780
Intraoral Treatment of Dental Disease in Pet Rabbits 783
Key points 783
INTRODUCTION 783
PLANNING DENTAL TREATMENT 784
Common Presentations 784
Instruments and Equipment 785
Instruments for diagnosis 785
TREATMENT 786
Medical Treatment 786
Intraoral Treatment 786
Instruments and equipment 786
Treatment of Incisor Teeth 788
Extraction 788
Coronal reduction 791
Treatment of Cheek Teeth 792
Coronal reduction 792
Extraction 793
Combined intraoral and extraoral extraction 796
Suture of the gingiva 796
Complications 797
SUMMARY 797
REFERENCES 797
Surgical Treatment of Facial Abscesses and Facial Surgery in Pet Rabbits 799
Key points 799
INTRODUCTION 799
ANATOMY AND SURGICAL ANATOMY 800
Mandible 800
Maxilla and Skull 800
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 801
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS 801
PROGNOSIS 803
MEDICAL TREATMENT VERSUS SURGICAL TREATMENT: THE ROLE OF OSTEOMYELITIS 803
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT 804
ABSCESSES AND OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE MANDIBLE 805
Periapical Infection of Mandibular Premolar Teeth and Focal Osteomyelitis of the Body of the Mandible 805
Periapical Infection of Mandibular Incisor Teeth and Osteomyelitis of the Incisive Portion of the Mandible 806
Periapical Infection of Distal Molar Teeth and Osteomyelitis of the Masseteric Fossa 807
Extensive Osteomyelitis of the Mandible 808
POSTOPERATIVE CARE 811
FOLLOW-UP 812
ABSCESSES OF THE MAXILLA AND EMPYEMAS OF THE SKULL 813
Odontogenic Non-periapical Abscesses 813
Periapical Infection of Maxillary Mesial (Rostral) Premolar Teeth (CT1 and CT2) 813
Bacterial Dacryocystitis 815
Periapical infection of molar teeth 815
Deformity and Empyema of the Alveolar Bulla 816
Retrobulbar Abscess 818
Parabulbar Abscesses 818
Empyema of the Maxillary Recess 818
Empyema of the Nasal Cavity and Odontogenic Septic Rhinitis 819
Empyema of the Tympanic Bulla/Otitis Media 819
SUMMARY 821
REFERENCES 821
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Guinea Pigs 825
Key points 825
INTRODUCTION 825
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DENTITION 826
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DENTAL DISEASE 826
DIAGNOSIS OF DENTAL DISEASE 828
DENTAL DISEASE 830
Incisor Teeth 830
Cheek Teeth 831
Complications of Dental Disease 832
TREATMENT OF DENTAL DISEASE 833
Medical Treatment 833
Intraoral Treatment of Cheek Teeth 833
Coronal reduction 834
Extraction 837
Treatment of Incisor Teeth 838
Periapical Infection and Abscessation 839
REFERENCES 841
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Chinchillas and Degus 843
Key points 843
INTRODUCTION 843
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY 844
Incisor Teeth 844
Cheek Teeth 844
Chewing 846
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DENTAL DISEASE AND DENTAL DISORDERS 847
Disorders of the Incisor Teeth 847
Disorders of the Cheek Teeth 847
PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND TOOTH RESORPTION 849
CARIES 849
NEOPLASIA AND PSEUDONEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY 852
THE CLINICAL EXAMINATION 852
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 854
DENTAL EXAMINATION 855
Extraoral Examination 855
Intraoral Examination 857
General anesthesia 857
Equipment for intraoral examination 857
Stomatoscopy 858
TREATMENT 860
Treatment of Incisor Teeth Disorders 861
Treatment of of Cheek Teeth Disorders 863
Treatment of Periodontal Disease 865
Local treatment 865
Systemic treatment 866
Treatment of Caries 867
Treatment of Pseudoodontomas and Elodontomas 867
SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT 867
REFERENCES 868
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Rat-like and Squirrel-like Rodents 871
Key points 871
INTRODUCTION 871
TAXONOMY OF RODENT SPECIES 872
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DENTITION AND MASTICATION 872
DENTAL DISEASE AND OTHER ORAL DISORDERS 875
Incisor Teeth 875
Cheek Teeth 876
Odontogenic Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions (Odontoma, Pseudo-Odontoma, and Elodontoma) 878
Other Oral Disorders 882
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 882
DIAGNOSIS OF DENTAL DISEASE AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 884
Physical Examination 884
Oral Endoscopy 886
Radiography 886
Computed Tomography 887
Other Diagnostic Testing 887
TREATMENT OF DENTAL DISEASE AND OTHER ORAL DISORDERS 887
Prognosis 887
Treatment of Incisor Teeth 889
Treatment of Cheek Teeth 890
Treatment of Diseased Cheek Pouches 891
Treatment of Pseudo-Odontoma 892
Anesthesia 893
Palliative procedures 893
Causative procedures 893
Standard intraoral extraction 894
Transpalatal intraoral approach 894
Rhinotomy extraoral technique 895
Lateral approach through the incisive bone 895
SUMMARY 896
REFERENCES 896
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Ferrets and Other Exotic Companion Carnivores 901
Key points 901
INTRODUCTION 901
THE FERRET 902
Anatomy and Physiology 902
THE DENTAL EXAMINATION 905
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 905
DENTAL DISEASE 905
Plaque and Calculus 905
Malocclusion 906
Extrusion of the Canine Teeth 908
Tooth Wear 909
Fractured Teeth 909
Tooth Loss 910
Tooth Necrosis 911
Gingival Hyperplasia 912
Gingivitis 912
Periodontal Disease 913
Abscesses 913
OTHER ORAL DISORDERS 915
Cleft Lip and/or Palate 915
Oral Ulceration 915
Fractures of the Jaw 916
Tonsillitis 916
Salivary Microliths 917
Salivary Mucocele 917
Oral Neoplasia 918
DENTAL CARE PROGRAM 919
Dental Prophylaxis 921
Home Dental Prophylaxis 922
DENTAL PROCEDURES 923
Extraction 924
Endodontic Procedures 924
SKUNKS 925
FENNEC FOXES 925
RACCOONS 925
COATIMUNDIS (COATI) 926
KINKAJOUS 926
REFERENCES 927
Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Miscellaneous Exotic Companion Mammals 929
Key points 929
INTRODUCTION 929
ORAL ANATOMY AND DENTITION 930
PRESENTATION OF PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE ORAL CAVITY 932
SEDATION AND ANESTHESIA FOR ORAL EXAMINATION 934
THE ORAL EXAMINATION 936
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 936
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTING 937
DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY 937
TREATMENT OF DENTAL DISEASE 940
EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS 944
SUMMARY 944
REFERENCES 944
Index 947