BOOK
Rehabilitation of the Equine Athlete, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book
Melissa R. King | Elizabeth J. Davidson
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Drs. Melissa King and Elizabeth Davidson have put together a comprehensive list of topics on the Rehabilitation of the Equine Athlete. Articles include: Principles and Practical Applications of Equine Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Assessment, Biomechanics of Rehabilitation, Joint Mobilization/Manual Therapy, Hydrotherapy, Advancements in the Rehabilitation of Bone Injuries, Returning to a High Level of Performance Following a Joint Injury, Advancements in the Rehabilitation of Tendon and Ligament Injuries, Rehabilitating Equine Athletes with Muscle Injuries, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Rehabilitation of the Equine Athlete\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Innovations in Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation\r | vii | ||
| Introduction to Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation\r | vii | ||
| Pain: Its Diagnosis and Management in the Rehabilitation of Horses\r | vii | ||
| Physiotherapy Assessment for the Equine Athlete\r | vii | ||
| Core Training and Rehabilitation in Horses\r | vii | ||
| Acupuncture and Equine Rehabilitation\r | viii | ||
| Joint Mobilization and Manipulation for the Equine Athlete\r | viii | ||
| Kinesio Taping Fundamentals for the Equine Athlete\r | viii | ||
| Principles and Application of Hydrotherapy for Equine Athletes\r | viii | ||
| Electrophysical Therapies for the Equine Athlete\r | ix | ||
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Equine Rehabilitation: Putting the Pressure on Disease\r | ix | ||
| Controlled Exercise in Equine Rehabilitation\r | ix | ||
| Practical Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy for the General Equine Practitioner\r | ix | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| December 2016 | xi | ||
| April 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| December 2015 | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| April 2015 | xi | ||
| Preface:Innovations in Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation\r | xiii | ||
| Introduction to Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY | 2 | ||
| DEFINITION OF PHYSIOTHERAPY | 3 | ||
| REGULATIONS AND THE TEAM APPROACH | 3 | ||
| CORE PRINCIPLES OF EQUINE PHYSIOTHERAPY | 4 | ||
| Neuromotor Control and the Sensorimotor System | 4 | ||
| Neuromotor Control in the Spine and Pelvis (Axial Skeleton) | 5 | ||
| Neuromotor control principles in physiotherapy (spine and pelvis) | 5 | ||
| Neuromotor control principles in equine physiotherapy (spine and pelvis) | 6 | ||
| Neuromotor Control in the Appendicular Skeleton | 6 | ||
| Application in physiotherapy | 7 | ||
| Applications in equine physiotherapy | 7 | ||
| Horse Rider/Horse-Tack Interaction | 7 | ||
| SUMMARY | 8 | ||
| REFERENCES | 8 | ||
| Pain | 13 | ||
| Key points | 13 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 13 | ||
| BRIEF REVIEW OF PAIN PHYSIOLOGY | 14 | ||
| Acute Pain | 14 | ||
| Chronic Pain | 14 | ||
| TOOLS AVAILABLE TO ASSESS PAIN IN HORSES | 15 | ||
| Physiologic Measurements | 15 | ||
| Observational and Interactive Methods | 15 | ||
| Behavior assessment | 15 | ||
| Facial expression patterns | 16 | ||
| Lameness grading | 16 | ||
| Lameness scales | 16 | ||
| Lameness scale modifiers | 16 | ||
| Functional tests | 17 | ||
| Pain scales | 17 | ||
| Objective Methods | 17 | ||
| Biomechanical analysis | 17 | ||
| Kinetics | 17 | ||
| Kinematics | 19 | ||
| Gait analysis technology | 19 | ||
| Goniometery | 19 | ||
| Pressure algometry | 19 | ||
| Thermography | 20 | ||
| Response to Treatment | 20 | ||
| Diagnostic anesthesia | 20 | ||
| Response to medication | 20 | ||
| MODULATION OF PAIN IN EQUINE PATIENTS | 20 | ||
| Pharmacologic Options | 20 | ||
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 20 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 21 | ||
| Opioids | 21 | ||
| Tramadol | 21 | ||
| Alpha-2 agonists | 21 | ||
| Local anesthetics | 21 | ||
| Ketamine | 21 | ||
| Gabapentin | 22 | ||
| Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans | 22 | ||
| Sarapin | 22 | ||
| Interventional Therapies | 22 | ||
| Manual therapy | 22 | ||
| Chiropractic | 22 | ||
| Physiotherapy | 22 | ||
| Massage | 23 | ||
| Therapeutic exercise | 23 | ||
| Other Therapeutic Modalities | 23 | ||
| Hydrotherapy | 23 | ||
| Buoyancy | 23 | ||
| Hydrostatic pressure | 23 | ||
| Tissue temperature | 23 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 23 | ||
| Acupuncture | 24 | ||
| Low-level laser therapy | 24 | ||
| Extracorporeal shockwave therapy | 24 | ||
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 24 | ||
| Therapeutic ultrasound | 24 | ||
| Kinesiotaping | 24 | ||
| SUMMARY | 25 | ||
| REFERENCES | 25 | ||
| Physiotherapy Assessment for the Equine Athlete | 31 | ||
| Key points | 31 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 31 | ||
| The Basis of Equine Physiotherapy Assessment | 32 | ||
| OBSERVATION | 33 | ||
| The Physical Examination | 34 | ||
| Soft Tissue Palpation | 35 | ||
| Palpation of Peripheral Articular Structures | 38 | ||
| Palpation of Articulations of the Vertebral Column | 39 | ||
| Neuromechanical Testing | 42 | ||
| OUTCOME MEASURES | 43 | ||
| SUMMARY | 45 | ||
| REFERENCES | 45 | ||
| Core Training and Rehabilitation in Horses | 49 | ||
| Key points | 49 | ||
| CORE ANATOMY, FUNCTION, AND DYSFUNCTION | 49 | ||
| EFFECT OF THE RIDER ON SPINAL POSTURE AND MOVEMENT | 54 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION FOR THE CORE MUSCULATURE | 55 | ||
| DYNAMIC MOBILIZATION EXERCISES | 55 | ||
| Rounding Exercises | 56 | ||
| Lateral Bending Exercises | 57 | ||
| Neck Extension Exercise | 57 | ||
| Evidence-Based Research on Dynamic Mobilization Exercises | 57 | ||
| CORE STRENGTHENING EXERCISES | 61 | ||
| Sternum, Withers, and Thoracic Lifting | 61 | ||
| Lateral Lifting at the Withers | 61 | ||
| Lumbar and Lumbosacral Lifting | 61 | ||
| Lumbar Lifting and Lateral Bending | 62 | ||
| Combined Techniques for Thoracic, Lumbar, and Lumbosacral Lifting | 62 | ||
| BALANCING EXERCISES | 62 | ||
| Backward Weight Shift | 63 | ||
| Tail Pull | 63 | ||
| Destabilizing with a Leg Raised | 63 | ||
| Combination Exercises | 63 | ||
| EXERCISE AT DIFFERENT GAITS AND SPEEDS | 63 | ||
| EXERCISE ON CIRCLES | 65 | ||
| GRADIENTS | 65 | ||
| JUMPING | 67 | ||
| POLES | 67 | ||
| UNSTABLE FOOTING | 67 | ||
| REFERENCES | 68 | ||
| Acupuncture and Equine Rehabilitation | 73 | ||
| Key points | 73 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 73 | ||
| HISTORY OF ACUPUNCTURE | 75 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 75 | ||
| Acupoints | 75 | ||
| Neurologic Mechanisms of Acupuncture Action | 76 | ||
| Connective Tissue and Fascial Mechanisms | 77 | ||
| Neurogenic Regeneration | 79 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC POINTS RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS | 79 | ||
| Cervical Vertebral Malformation and/or Cervical Pain with or Without Proprioceptive Deficits | 79 | ||
| Facial Nerve Paresis | 80 | ||
| Laryngeal Hemiplegia | 80 | ||
| Suprascapular Nerve Paresis (Sweeney) | 80 | ||
| Radial Nerve Paresis | 80 | ||
| Wither Pain | 80 | ||
| Thoracolumbar Pain | 81 | ||
| Caudal Lumbar and/or Pelvic Pain and Stiffness | 81 | ||
| Sacroiliac Region Pain or Cauda Equina | 81 | ||
| Intermittent Upward Fixation of the Patella | 81 | ||
| Thoracic Limb Pain (Including Postoperative on Distal Limb) | 82 | ||
| Rear Limb Pain/Weakness | 82 | ||
| Chronic Debilitating Conditions | 82 | ||
| Appetite Stimulation | 82 | ||
| REFERENCES | 82 | ||
| Joint Mobilization and Manipulation for the Equine Athlete | 87 | ||
| Key points | 87 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 87 | ||
| OBJECTIVES OF TREATMENT | 88 | ||
| JOINT MECHANICS | 88 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 90 | ||
| CLINICAL INDICATIONS | 91 | ||
| ACTIVE AND PASSIVE STRETCHING EXERCISES | 92 | ||
| JOINT MOBILIZATION AND MANIPULATION TECHNIQUES | 94 | ||
| MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION | 95 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS | 97 | ||
| ADVERSE EFFECTS | 98 | ||
| REFERENCES | 98 | ||
| Kinesio Taping Fundamentals for the Equine Athlete | 103 | ||
| Key points | 103 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 103 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 105 | ||
| Characteristics of the Tape | 105 | ||
| Embryology Concept | 105 | ||
| Inflammation Concept | 106 | ||
| Pressure Concept | 106 | ||
| MUSCLE APPLICATIONS | 106 | ||
| Sensory–Motor Cortex Communication | 106 | ||
| Action of the Tape | 106 | ||
| Use of Muscle Taping in Equine Rehabilitation | 107 | ||
| TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS | 107 | ||
| Corrective Techniques and Proprioceptive Awareness | 107 | ||
| Use of Ligament or Tendon Correction in Equine Rehabilitation | 108 | ||
| KINESIO TAPING AND FASCIA | 108 | ||
| Use of Kinesio Taping in the Treatment of Fascia | 109 | ||
| LYMPHATIC TAPING | 109 | ||
| Channeling Concept | 109 | ||
| Taping Application for Lymphatic Conditions | 110 | ||
| USE OF KINESIO TAPING FOR JOINT DISEASES | 110 | ||
| A New Perspective: The Epidermis, Dermis, Fascia Taping | 111 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR KINESIO TAPING TREATMENT | 112 | ||
| FUTURE STUDIES | 112 | ||
| REFERENCES | 112 | ||
| Principles and Application of Hydrotherapy for Equine Athletes | 115 | ||
| Key points | 115 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 115 | ||
| PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 116 | ||
| Buoyancy | 116 | ||
| Viscosity | 117 | ||
| Hydrostatic Pressure | 117 | ||
| Temperature | 118 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 118 | ||
| Thermotherapy | 119 | ||
| Osmolality | 119 | ||
| EFFICACY OF HYDROTHERAPY | 119 | ||
| HYDROTHERAPY VARIABLES | 121 | ||
| PRECAUTIONS | 122 | ||
| TREATMENT PROTOCOL CONSIDERATIONS | 122 | ||
| MONITORING PROCEDURES | 123 | ||
| SUMMARY | 123 | ||
| REFERENCES | 123 | ||
| Electrophysical Therapies for the Equine Athlete | 127 | ||
| Key points | 127 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 127 | ||
| TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION | 128 | ||
| Origin | 128 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 128 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 128 | ||
| Potential Complications | 128 | ||
| Indications for Use | 129 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 129 | ||
| Current Research | 129 | ||
| NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION | 130 | ||
| Origin | 130 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 131 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 131 | ||
| Potential Complications | 131 | ||
| Indications for Use | 131 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 131 | ||
| Current Research | 131 | ||
| ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY: PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY | 131 | ||
| Origin | 131 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 133 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 133 | ||
| Potential Complications | 134 | ||
| Indications for Use | 134 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 134 | ||
| Current Research | 134 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND | 135 | ||
| Origin | 135 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 135 | ||
| Potential Complications | 136 | ||
| Indications for Use | 136 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 137 | ||
| Current Research | 137 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE THERAPY | 137 | ||
| Origin | 137 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 137 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 138 | ||
| Potential Complications | 139 | ||
| Indications for Use | 139 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 139 | ||
| Current Research | 139 | ||
| LASER THERAPY | 139 | ||
| Origin | 139 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 140 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 141 | ||
| Potential Complications | 141 | ||
| Indications for Use | 141 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 141 | ||
| Current Research | 141 | ||
| VIBRATION THERAPY | 142 | ||
| Origin | 142 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 142 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 143 | ||
| Potential Complications | 143 | ||
| Indications for Use | 143 | ||
| Contraindications for Use | 143 | ||
| Current Research | 143 | ||
| SUMMARY | 143 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 144 | ||
| REFERENCES | 144 | ||
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Equine Rehabilitation | 149 | ||
| Key points | 149 | ||
| HISTORY OF HYPERBARIC MEDICINE | 149 | ||
| HOW IT WORKS | 149 | ||
| THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 150 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 154 | ||
| APPLICATION OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 154 | ||
| REFERENCES | 155 | ||
| Controlled Exercise in Equine Rehabilitation | 159 | ||
| Key points | 159 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 159 | ||
| TISSUE HEALING AFTER INJURY | 159 | ||
| Specific Tissue Injuries | 160 | ||
| Muscle | 160 | ||
| Bone | 161 | ||
| Tendon and ligament | 161 | ||
| Cartilage | 161 | ||
| PRESCRIPTION FOR CONTROLLED EXERCISE PROGRAM | 162 | ||
| REFERENCES | 164 | ||
| Practical Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy for the General Equine Practitioner | 167 | ||
| Key points | 167 | ||
| THERMAL THERAPY | 168 | ||
| Cold Therapy | 168 | ||
| Heat Therapy | 170 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND | 172 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY | 173 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 173 | ||
| Impulses | 174 | ||
| Energy levels | 174 | ||
| Focus depth | 174 | ||
| Aftercare and treatment intervals | 175 | ||
| LASER THERAPY | 175 | ||
| MANIPULATIVE THERAPY | 175 | ||
| EXERCISE | 176 | ||
| REFERENCES | 178 | ||
| Index | 181 |