BOOK
Rehabilitation of the Equine Athlete, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book
Melissa R. King | Elizabeth J. Davidson
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Drs. Melissa King and Elizabeth Davidson have put together a comprehensive list of topics on the Rehabilitation of the Equine Athlete. Articles include: Principles and Practical Applications of Equine Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Assessment, Biomechanics of Rehabilitation, Joint Mobilization/Manual Therapy, Hydrotherapy, Advancements in the Rehabilitation of Bone Injuries, Returning to a High Level of Performance Following a Joint Injury, Advancements in the Rehabilitation of Tendon and Ligament Injuries, Rehabilitating Equine Athletes with Muscle Injuries, and more!
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Rehabilitation of the Equine Athlete\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITORS | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Preface: Innovations in Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation\r | vii | ||
Introduction to Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation\r | vii | ||
Pain: Its Diagnosis and Management in the Rehabilitation of Horses\r | vii | ||
Physiotherapy Assessment for the Equine Athlete\r | vii | ||
Core Training and Rehabilitation in Horses\r | vii | ||
Acupuncture and Equine Rehabilitation\r | viii | ||
Joint Mobilization and Manipulation for the Equine Athlete\r | viii | ||
Kinesio Taping Fundamentals for the Equine Athlete\r | viii | ||
Principles and Application of Hydrotherapy for Equine Athletes\r | viii | ||
Electrophysical Therapies for the Equine Athlete\r | ix | ||
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Equine Rehabilitation: Putting the Pressure on Disease\r | ix | ||
Controlled Exercise in Equine Rehabilitation\r | ix | ||
Practical Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy for the General Equine Practitioner\r | ix | ||
VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE\r | xi | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
August 2016 | xi | ||
December 2016 | xi | ||
April 2017 | xi | ||
RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
December 2015 | xi | ||
August 2015 | xi | ||
April 2015 | xi | ||
Preface:Innovations in Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation\r | xiii | ||
Introduction to Equine Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation | 1 | ||
Key points | 1 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY | 2 | ||
DEFINITION OF PHYSIOTHERAPY | 3 | ||
REGULATIONS AND THE TEAM APPROACH | 3 | ||
CORE PRINCIPLES OF EQUINE PHYSIOTHERAPY | 4 | ||
Neuromotor Control and the Sensorimotor System | 4 | ||
Neuromotor Control in the Spine and Pelvis (Axial Skeleton) | 5 | ||
Neuromotor control principles in physiotherapy (spine and pelvis) | 5 | ||
Neuromotor control principles in equine physiotherapy (spine and pelvis) | 6 | ||
Neuromotor Control in the Appendicular Skeleton | 6 | ||
Application in physiotherapy | 7 | ||
Applications in equine physiotherapy | 7 | ||
Horse Rider/Horse-Tack Interaction | 7 | ||
SUMMARY | 8 | ||
REFERENCES | 8 | ||
Pain | 13 | ||
Key points | 13 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 13 | ||
BRIEF REVIEW OF PAIN PHYSIOLOGY | 14 | ||
Acute Pain | 14 | ||
Chronic Pain | 14 | ||
TOOLS AVAILABLE TO ASSESS PAIN IN HORSES | 15 | ||
Physiologic Measurements | 15 | ||
Observational and Interactive Methods | 15 | ||
Behavior assessment | 15 | ||
Facial expression patterns | 16 | ||
Lameness grading | 16 | ||
Lameness scales | 16 | ||
Lameness scale modifiers | 16 | ||
Functional tests | 17 | ||
Pain scales | 17 | ||
Objective Methods | 17 | ||
Biomechanical analysis | 17 | ||
Kinetics | 17 | ||
Kinematics | 19 | ||
Gait analysis technology | 19 | ||
Goniometery | 19 | ||
Pressure algometry | 19 | ||
Thermography | 20 | ||
Response to Treatment | 20 | ||
Diagnostic anesthesia | 20 | ||
Response to medication | 20 | ||
MODULATION OF PAIN IN EQUINE PATIENTS | 20 | ||
Pharmacologic Options | 20 | ||
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 20 | ||
Corticosteroids | 21 | ||
Opioids | 21 | ||
Tramadol | 21 | ||
Alpha-2 agonists | 21 | ||
Local anesthetics | 21 | ||
Ketamine | 21 | ||
Gabapentin | 22 | ||
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans | 22 | ||
Sarapin | 22 | ||
Interventional Therapies | 22 | ||
Manual therapy | 22 | ||
Chiropractic | 22 | ||
Physiotherapy | 22 | ||
Massage | 23 | ||
Therapeutic exercise | 23 | ||
Other Therapeutic Modalities | 23 | ||
Hydrotherapy | 23 | ||
Buoyancy | 23 | ||
Hydrostatic pressure | 23 | ||
Tissue temperature | 23 | ||
Cryotherapy | 23 | ||
Acupuncture | 24 | ||
Low-level laser therapy | 24 | ||
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy | 24 | ||
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 24 | ||
Therapeutic ultrasound | 24 | ||
Kinesiotaping | 24 | ||
SUMMARY | 25 | ||
REFERENCES | 25 | ||
Physiotherapy Assessment for the Equine Athlete | 31 | ||
Key points | 31 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 31 | ||
The Basis of Equine Physiotherapy Assessment | 32 | ||
OBSERVATION | 33 | ||
The Physical Examination | 34 | ||
Soft Tissue Palpation | 35 | ||
Palpation of Peripheral Articular Structures | 38 | ||
Palpation of Articulations of the Vertebral Column | 39 | ||
Neuromechanical Testing | 42 | ||
OUTCOME MEASURES | 43 | ||
SUMMARY | 45 | ||
REFERENCES | 45 | ||
Core Training and Rehabilitation in Horses | 49 | ||
Key points | 49 | ||
CORE ANATOMY, FUNCTION, AND DYSFUNCTION | 49 | ||
EFFECT OF THE RIDER ON SPINAL POSTURE AND MOVEMENT | 54 | ||
PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION FOR THE CORE MUSCULATURE | 55 | ||
DYNAMIC MOBILIZATION EXERCISES | 55 | ||
Rounding Exercises | 56 | ||
Lateral Bending Exercises | 57 | ||
Neck Extension Exercise | 57 | ||
Evidence-Based Research on Dynamic Mobilization Exercises | 57 | ||
CORE STRENGTHENING EXERCISES | 61 | ||
Sternum, Withers, and Thoracic Lifting | 61 | ||
Lateral Lifting at the Withers | 61 | ||
Lumbar and Lumbosacral Lifting | 61 | ||
Lumbar Lifting and Lateral Bending | 62 | ||
Combined Techniques for Thoracic, Lumbar, and Lumbosacral Lifting | 62 | ||
BALANCING EXERCISES | 62 | ||
Backward Weight Shift | 63 | ||
Tail Pull | 63 | ||
Destabilizing with a Leg Raised | 63 | ||
Combination Exercises | 63 | ||
EXERCISE AT DIFFERENT GAITS AND SPEEDS | 63 | ||
EXERCISE ON CIRCLES | 65 | ||
GRADIENTS | 65 | ||
JUMPING | 67 | ||
POLES | 67 | ||
UNSTABLE FOOTING | 67 | ||
REFERENCES | 68 | ||
Acupuncture and Equine Rehabilitation | 73 | ||
Key points | 73 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 73 | ||
HISTORY OF ACUPUNCTURE | 75 | ||
MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 75 | ||
Acupoints | 75 | ||
Neurologic Mechanisms of Acupuncture Action | 76 | ||
Connective Tissue and Fascial Mechanisms | 77 | ||
Neurogenic Regeneration | 79 | ||
THERAPEUTIC POINTS RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS | 79 | ||
Cervical Vertebral Malformation and/or Cervical Pain with or Without Proprioceptive Deficits | 79 | ||
Facial Nerve Paresis | 80 | ||
Laryngeal Hemiplegia | 80 | ||
Suprascapular Nerve Paresis (Sweeney) | 80 | ||
Radial Nerve Paresis | 80 | ||
Wither Pain | 80 | ||
Thoracolumbar Pain | 81 | ||
Caudal Lumbar and/or Pelvic Pain and Stiffness | 81 | ||
Sacroiliac Region Pain or Cauda Equina | 81 | ||
Intermittent Upward Fixation of the Patella | 81 | ||
Thoracic Limb Pain (Including Postoperative on Distal Limb) | 82 | ||
Rear Limb Pain/Weakness | 82 | ||
Chronic Debilitating Conditions | 82 | ||
Appetite Stimulation | 82 | ||
REFERENCES | 82 | ||
Joint Mobilization and Manipulation for the Equine Athlete | 87 | ||
Key points | 87 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 87 | ||
OBJECTIVES OF TREATMENT | 88 | ||
JOINT MECHANICS | 88 | ||
MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 90 | ||
CLINICAL INDICATIONS | 91 | ||
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE STRETCHING EXERCISES | 92 | ||
JOINT MOBILIZATION AND MANIPULATION TECHNIQUES | 94 | ||
MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION | 95 | ||
CONTRAINDICATIONS | 97 | ||
ADVERSE EFFECTS | 98 | ||
REFERENCES | 98 | ||
Kinesio Taping Fundamentals for the Equine Athlete | 103 | ||
Key points | 103 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 103 | ||
MECHANISM OF ACTION | 105 | ||
Characteristics of the Tape | 105 | ||
Embryology Concept | 105 | ||
Inflammation Concept | 106 | ||
Pressure Concept | 106 | ||
MUSCLE APPLICATIONS | 106 | ||
Sensory–Motor Cortex Communication | 106 | ||
Action of the Tape | 106 | ||
Use of Muscle Taping in Equine Rehabilitation | 107 | ||
TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS | 107 | ||
Corrective Techniques and Proprioceptive Awareness | 107 | ||
Use of Ligament or Tendon Correction in Equine Rehabilitation | 108 | ||
KINESIO TAPING AND FASCIA | 108 | ||
Use of Kinesio Taping in the Treatment of Fascia | 109 | ||
LYMPHATIC TAPING | 109 | ||
Channeling Concept | 109 | ||
Taping Application for Lymphatic Conditions | 110 | ||
USE OF KINESIO TAPING FOR JOINT DISEASES | 110 | ||
A New Perspective: The Epidermis, Dermis, Fascia Taping | 111 | ||
INDICATIONS FOR KINESIO TAPING TREATMENT | 112 | ||
FUTURE STUDIES | 112 | ||
REFERENCES | 112 | ||
Principles and Application of Hydrotherapy for Equine Athletes | 115 | ||
Key points | 115 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 115 | ||
PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 116 | ||
Buoyancy | 116 | ||
Viscosity | 117 | ||
Hydrostatic Pressure | 117 | ||
Temperature | 118 | ||
Cryotherapy | 118 | ||
Thermotherapy | 119 | ||
Osmolality | 119 | ||
EFFICACY OF HYDROTHERAPY | 119 | ||
HYDROTHERAPY VARIABLES | 121 | ||
PRECAUTIONS | 122 | ||
TREATMENT PROTOCOL CONSIDERATIONS | 122 | ||
MONITORING PROCEDURES | 123 | ||
SUMMARY | 123 | ||
REFERENCES | 123 | ||
Electrophysical Therapies for the Equine Athlete | 127 | ||
Key points | 127 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 127 | ||
TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION | 128 | ||
Origin | 128 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 128 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 128 | ||
Potential Complications | 128 | ||
Indications for Use | 129 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 129 | ||
Current Research | 129 | ||
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION | 130 | ||
Origin | 130 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 131 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 131 | ||
Potential Complications | 131 | ||
Indications for Use | 131 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 131 | ||
Current Research | 131 | ||
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY: PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY | 131 | ||
Origin | 131 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 133 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 133 | ||
Potential Complications | 134 | ||
Indications for Use | 134 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 134 | ||
Current Research | 134 | ||
THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND | 135 | ||
Origin | 135 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 135 | ||
Potential Complications | 136 | ||
Indications for Use | 136 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 137 | ||
Current Research | 137 | ||
EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE THERAPY | 137 | ||
Origin | 137 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 137 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 138 | ||
Potential Complications | 139 | ||
Indications for Use | 139 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 139 | ||
Current Research | 139 | ||
LASER THERAPY | 139 | ||
Origin | 139 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 140 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 141 | ||
Potential Complications | 141 | ||
Indications for Use | 141 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 141 | ||
Current Research | 141 | ||
VIBRATION THERAPY | 142 | ||
Origin | 142 | ||
Mechanism of Action | 142 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 143 | ||
Potential Complications | 143 | ||
Indications for Use | 143 | ||
Contraindications for Use | 143 | ||
Current Research | 143 | ||
SUMMARY | 143 | ||
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 144 | ||
REFERENCES | 144 | ||
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Equine Rehabilitation | 149 | ||
Key points | 149 | ||
HISTORY OF HYPERBARIC MEDICINE | 149 | ||
HOW IT WORKS | 149 | ||
THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 150 | ||
INDICATIONS FOR HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 154 | ||
APPLICATION OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 154 | ||
REFERENCES | 155 | ||
Controlled Exercise in Equine Rehabilitation | 159 | ||
Key points | 159 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 159 | ||
TISSUE HEALING AFTER INJURY | 159 | ||
Specific Tissue Injuries | 160 | ||
Muscle | 160 | ||
Bone | 161 | ||
Tendon and ligament | 161 | ||
Cartilage | 161 | ||
PRESCRIPTION FOR CONTROLLED EXERCISE PROGRAM | 162 | ||
REFERENCES | 164 | ||
Practical Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy for the General Equine Practitioner | 167 | ||
Key points | 167 | ||
THERMAL THERAPY | 168 | ||
Cold Therapy | 168 | ||
Heat Therapy | 170 | ||
THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND | 172 | ||
EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY | 173 | ||
Treatment Protocols | 173 | ||
Impulses | 174 | ||
Energy levels | 174 | ||
Focus depth | 174 | ||
Aftercare and treatment intervals | 175 | ||
LASER THERAPY | 175 | ||
MANIPULATIVE THERAPY | 175 | ||
EXERCISE | 176 | ||
REFERENCES | 178 | ||
Index | 181 |