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Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians - E-Book

Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians - E-Book

Charles M. Hendrix | Ed Robinson

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Recognize and treat the parasites seen in veterinary practice! Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians, 5th Edition features clear and concise discussions of the most commonly encountered internal and external parasites. Chapters are organized by parasite group — including nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, protozoans, arthropods, and leeches — and include a detailed description of the group, with special emphasis on morphology, life cycle, and important parasites. Then in each chapter, material is conveniently organized by host species: dogs, cats, horses, ruminants, swine, birds, lab animals, fish, and reptiles. Written by noted educators Charles Hendrix and Ed Robinson, this full-color, spiral-bound book provides the knowledge that veterinary technicians need to collect samples, perform lab procedures, and communicate with clients and other members of the veterinary team.

  • Clear, concise coverage simplifies information on the most commonly encountered internal and external parasites, preparing you for credentialing exams and the veterinary clinic.
  • More than 470 full-color photos show exactly what ova, adult parasites, and parasitic diseases look like, so you can identify them more easily when viewing lab samples. 
  • Step-by-step guidelines in the Laboratory Procedures chapter describe how to gather samples and how to perform the laboratory techniques used in identifying parasites.
  • Emphasis on the zoonotic potential of parasites helps you alert clients and other health care workers to the significance of zoonotic parasites and shows ways in which you can prevent transmission of a zoonotic parasite, condition, or syndrome from animals to humans.
  • Logical chapter organization follows the sequence of parasitology classes, beginning with a basic overview of external parasites, internal parasites, and nematodes, followed by chapters that go into detail of the parasites by host species. An appendix lists the parasites of each species and shows their location in the text, making information easy to find.
  • Heartworm section helps you recognize and treat heartworms with an in-depth discussion of the performance and interpretation of diagnostic tests for this major parasite.
  • Summary tables show how to categorize parasites, and include such categories as body systems affected, taxonomic grouping, host species, and location in host.
  • Table of parasites at the front of the book is arranged by host species and includes page numbers for cross-reference throughout the book.
  • Vet Tech Threads design makes learning easier with chapter outlines, chapter objectives, key terms, and Technician Notes in every chapter.
  • Chapter on terminology familiarizes you with the basic language and classification scheme of parasitology for more effective communication with clients and colleagues.
  • Flash cards on the Evolve companion website help you learn and memorize key facts about the major parasites, including audio pronunciations.
  • Workbook/textbook format provides immediate review tools through matching exercises and questions for thought and discussion at the end of each chapter.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover cover
Inside Front Cover ifc1
Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians i
Copyright Page iv
Dedication v
Preface vii
Organization vii
New to This Edition vii
Evolve Resources vii
Table Of Contents ix
Parasite by Host Species xvii
1 The Language of Veterinary Parasitology 1
Outline 1
Learning Objectives 1
Key Terms 1
Symbiosis 2
Parasitism 3
Life Cycle 6
The Linnaean Classification Scheme 8
Chapter One Test 10
Questions for Thought and Discussion 10
2 Parasites That Infect and Infest Domestic Animals 11
Outline 11
Learning Objectives 11
Key Terms 11
Monogenetic Trematodes (Monogenetic Flukes) 11
Digenetic Trematodes (Digenetic Flukes) 12
Eucestodes (True Tapeworms) 12
Cotyloda (Pseudotapeworms) 12
Nematodes (Roundworms) 12
Acanthocephalans (Thorny-Headed Worms) 13
Hirudineans (Leeches) 13
Arthropods 13
Protista (Protozoans) 13
Chapter Two Test 14
Question for Thought and Discussion 14
3 Introduction to the Nematodes 15
Outline 15
Learning Objectives 15
Key Terms 15
Nematodes of Importance in Veterinary Medicine 16
Key Morphologic Features 16
External Morphologic Features 17
Internal Morphologic Features 18
Life Cycle of the Nematode 20
Chapter Three Test 23
Questions for Thought and Discussion 23
4 Nematodes That Infect Domestic Animals 24
Outline 24
Learning Objectives 24
Key Terms 25
Nematodes of Dogs and Cats 25
Gastrointestinal Tract 25
Circulatory System 38
Respiratory System 44
Urinary Tract 46
Skin 47
Eye and Adnexa 50
Nematodes of Ruminants 50
Gastrointestinal Tract 50
Circulatory System 54
Respiratory System 54
Skin 56
Eye and Adnexa 57
Abdominal Cavity 57
Nematodes of Equids 58
Gastrointestinal Tract 58
Respiratory System 65
Skin 65
Eye and Adnexa 67
Abdominal Cavity 67
Nematodes of Swine 67
Gastrointestinal Tract 67
Respiratory Tract 71
Urinary Tract 71
Musculoskeletal System 72
Nematodes of Mice 73
Gastrointestinal Tract 73
Nematodes of Rats 75
Gastrointestinal Tract 75
Nematodes of Hamsters 76
5 The Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda 84
Outline 84
Learning Objectives 84
Key Terms 84
Eucestoda (True Tapeworms) 85
Key Morphologic Features 85
Life Cycle of the True Tapeworm 87
Cotyloda (Pseudotapeworms) 90
Key Morphologic Features 90
Life Cycle of the Pseudotapeworm 91
Chapter Five Test 93
Questions for Thought and Discussion 93
6 Tapeworms That Parasitize Domestic Animals and Humans 94
Outline 94
Learning Objectives 94
Key Terms 94
Eucestoda (True Tapeworms) 95
Mice, Rats, Gerbils, and Hamsters 95
Intestinal Tract 95
Ruminants 96
Intestinal Tract 96
Moniezia Species 96
Thysanosoma actinoides 99
Metacestode (Larval) Stages Found in the Musculature of Food Animals 100
Metacestode (Larval) Stages Found in the Abdominal Cavity of Food Animals 101
Horses 102
Intestinal Tract 102
True Tapeworms of Dogs and Cats 103
Dipylidium caninum 104
Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena, and Taenia ovis/Cysticercus pisiformis, Cysticercus tenuicollis, and Cysticercus ovis (Metacestode [larval] tapeworm) 106
Taenia taeniaeformis (Hydatigera taeniaeformis) 110
Multiceps multiceps and Multiceps serialis 112
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis 113
Mesocestoides Species 115
Cotyloda (Pseudotapeworms) 117
Spirometra Species 119
Diphyllobothrium Species 120
Chapter Six Test 121
Questions for Thought and Discussion 122
7 The Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Trematoda 123
Outline 123
Learning Objectives 123
Key Terms 123
Subclass Monogenea 123
Subclass Digenea 124
Key Morphologic Features 125
Life Cycle of the Fluke 125
Chapter Seven Test 129
Questions for Thought and Discussion 129
8 Trematodes (Flukes) of Animals and Humans 130
Outline 130
Learning Objectives 130
Key Terms 130
Flukes of Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) 130
Flukes of Small Animals (Dogs and Cats) 134
Chapter Eight Test 140
Questions for Thought and Discussion 141
9 The Phylum Acanthocephala 142
Outline 142
Learning Objectives 142
Key Terms 142
Common Acanthocephalans 142
Key Morphologic Features 142
Life Cycle of the Thorny-Headed Worm 143
Acanthocephalans of Importance in Veterinary Parasitology 144
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus 144
Oncicola canis 146
Chapter Nine Test 146
Questions for Thought and Discussion 147
10 The Protozoans 148
Outline 148
Learning Objectives 148
Key Terms 148
Characteristics of the Protozoans 148
Mastigophora (Flagellates) 149
Sarcodina (Amoebae) 149
Ciliophora (Ciliates) 150
Apicomplexa (Apicomplexans) 151
Chapter Ten Test 152
Questions for Thought and Discussion 152
11 Common Protozoans That Infect Domestic Animals 153
Outline 153
Learning Objectives 153
Key Terms 153
Dogs and Cats 154
Gastrointestinal Tract 154
Flagellates 154
Amoebae 156
Ciliates 157
Apicomplexans 157
Circulatory System and Blood 164
Flagellates 164
Apicomplexans 165
Ruminants (Cattle and Sheep) 167
Gastrointestinal Tract 167
Ciliates 167
Apicomplexans 167
Circulatory System and Blood 168
Flagellates 168
Apicomplexans 168
Urogenital System 169
Horses 170
Gastrointestinal Tract 170
Flagellates 170
Ciliates 170
Apicomplexans 170
Circulatory System and Blood 170
12 Introduction to the Arthropods 188
Outline 188
Learning Objectives 188
Key Terms 188
Arthropoda 189
Key Morphologic Features 189
Divisions of the Phylum Arthropoda 189
Crustacea (Aquatic Arthropods) 189
Myriapoda (Centipedes and Millipedes) 190
Insecta (Insects) 190
Key Morphologic Features 190
Orders of Insecta 191
Acarina (Mites and Ticks) 191
Chapter Twelve Test 192
Questions for Thought and Discussion 193
13 Arthropods That Infect and Infest Domestic Animals 194
Outline 194
Learning Objectives 194
Key Terms 194
Crustaceans 195
Myriopodans 196
Insects 197
Dictyoptera (Cockroaches) 197
Coleoptera (Beetles) 197
Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths) 198
Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, and Wasps) 198
Hemiptera (True Bugs) 198
Mallophaga (Chewing or Biting Lice) and Anoplura (Sucking Lice) 200
Lice of Mice, Rats, Gerbils, and Hamsters 203
Lice of Guinea Pigs 206
Lice of Rabbits 206
Diptera (Two-Winged Flies) 207
Periodic Parasites of Which Only Adult Females Feed on Vertebrate Blood 208
Simulium Species (Black Flies) 208
Lutzomyia Species (New World Sand Flies) and Phlebotomus Species 209
Culicoides Species (No-See-Ums) 209
Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex Species (Mosquitoes) 210
Chrysops Species (Deerflies) and Tabanus Species (Horseflies) 211
Periodic Parasites of Which Both Adult Males and Females Feed on Vertebrate Blood 212
Glossina Species (Tsetse Fly) 212
Stomoxys calcitrans (Stable Fly) 213
Haematobia irritans (Horn Fly) 214
Melophagus ovinus (Sheep Ked) 215
Lynchia Species and Pseudolynchia Species (Bird Keds) 216
Periodic Parasites That Feed on Mucus, Tears, and Saliva 216
Musca domestica (Housefly) 217
Musca autumnalis (Face Fly) 217
Calliphora Species, Lucilia Species, Phormia Species, and Phaenicia Species 218
Sarcophaga Species (Flesh Fly) 219
Hippelates Species 219
Myiasis-Producing Flies 219
Dipteran Fly Larvae That Infest the Skin 220
Facultative Myiasis–Producing Flies. 220
Obligatory Myiasis–Producing Flies. 221
Cochliomyia hominivorax. 221
Cuterebra Species (Wolves, Warbles). 222
Hypoderma Species (Ox Warbles). 223
Dipteran Fly Larvae That Infect the Gastrointestinal Tract 224
Dipteran Fly Larvae That Infect the Respiratory Tract 225
Oestrus ovis (Nasal Bots). 225
Siphonaptera (Fleas) 226
Mites and Ticks 231
Mites of Veterinary Importance 231
Family Sarcoptidae (Mites) 232
Sarcoptes scabei (Scabies Mite) 232
Notoedres cati (Feline Scabies Mite) and Notoedres muris 234
Cnemidocoptes pilae (Scaly Leg Mite of Budgerigars) 236
Trixacarus Caviae 237
Psoroptidae 237
Psoroptes cuniculi (Ear Canker Mite of Rabbits) 238
Psoroptes of Large Animals 239
Chorioptes Species (Foot and Tail Mite, Itchy Leg Mite) 239
Otodectes cynotis (Ear Mites) 240
Nonsarcoptiform Mites 241
Demodex Species 241
Trombicula Species (Chiggers) 244
Pneumonyssus (Formerly, Pneumonyssoides) Caninum (Nasal Mites of Dogs) 245
Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Northern Mite of Poultry) and Dermanyssus gallinae (Red Mite of Poultry) 246
Ornithonyssus (Liponyssus) bacoti 247
Fur Mites 247
Cheyletiella Species (Walking Dandruff) 247
Lynxacarus radovskyi (Feline Fur Mite) 248
Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus, and Radfordia affinis (Mouse Fur Mites) 249
Radfordia ensifera (Rat Fur Mite) 251
Chirodiscoides caviae (Guinea Pig Fur Mite) 251
Listrophorus gibbus (Rabbit Fur Mite) 252
Ticks of Veterinary Importance 253
Argasid (Soft) Ticks 255
Otobius megnini (Spinose Ear Tick) 256
Argas persicus (Fowl Tick) 256
Ixodid (Hard) Ticks 257
Ixodes scapularis (Deer Tick) 257
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown Dog Tick) 257
Dermacentor variabilis (American Dog Tick, Wood Tick) 258
Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain Wood Tick) 259
Dermacentor occidentalis (Pacific Coast Dog Tick) 259
Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star Tick) 260
Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast Tick) 260
Boophilus annulatus (Texas Cattle Fever Tick) 261
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Continental Rabbit Tick) 261
Chapter Thirteen Test 263
Questions for Thought and Discussion 265
14 Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Pentastomida 266
Outline 266
Learning Objectives 266
Key Terms 266
Pentastomes (Parasites of Reptiles) 266
Morphology 267
Life Cycle 267
Diagnosis 268
Definitive Host 268
Incidental Host 269
Adult Pentastome That Infects Nasal Passages and Turbinates of a Mammalian Host 269
Diagnosis 270
Definitive Host 270
Intermediate Host 270
Chapter Fourteen Test 271
Questions for Thought and Discussion 271
15 The Phylum Annelida 272
Outline 272
Learning Objectives 272
Key Terms 272
Hirudinea (Leeches) 272
Morphology 272
Life Cycle of the Leech 273
Chapter Fifteen Test 276
Questions for Thought and Discussion 276
16 Parasites of Public Health Importance in Veterinary Parasitology 277
Outline 277
Learning Objectives 277
Key Terms 278
Protozoans of Public Health Importance 279
Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis) 279
Human Infection With Toxoplasmosis 279
Symptoms and Diagnosis 279
Treatment 280
Prevention of Transmission to Humans 280
Cryptosporidium parvum (Cryptosporidiosis) 280
Human Infection With Cryptosporidiosis 280
Symptoms and Diagnosis 280
Treatment 281
Prevention of Transmission to Humans 281
Trematodes of Public Health Importance 281
Schistosomes of Wild Migratory Birds (Schistosome Cercarial Dermatitis, Swimmer’s Itch) 281
Human Infection With Swimmer’s Itch 282
Symptoms and Diagnosis 282
Treatment 282
Prevention of Transmission to Humans 282
Cestodes of Public Health Importance 282
Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm) 282
Human Infection With Beef Tapeworm 283
Symptoms and Diagnosis 283
Treatment 283
Prevention of Transmission to Humans 283
Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm) 283
Human Infection With Pork Tapeworm 283
Symptoms and Diagnosis 284
Treatment 284
Prevention of Transmission to Humans 284
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis (Unilocular and Multilocular Hydatid Disease) 285
Human Infection With Hydatid Disease 285
Symptoms and Diagnosis 285
Treatment 285
17 Common Laboratory Procedures for Diagnosing Parasitism 303
Outline 303
Learning Objectives 303
Key Terms 303
Diagnosis of Parasites of the Digestive Tract 304
Collection of the Fecal Sample 304
Small Animal Samples 305
Large Animal Samples 305
Examination of the Fecal Sample 306
Gross Examination of Feces 306
Microscopic Examination of Feces 309
Calibrating the Microscope 310
Instruments 310
Procedure 311
Objective Distance between Hatch Marks (Microns) 311
Direct Smear 311
Concentration Methods for Fecal Examination 311
Fecal Flotation 312
Simple Flotation 313
Centrifugal Flotation 314
Fecal Sedimentation 316
Quantitative Fecal Examination 316
Examination of Feces for Protozoans 317
Fecal Culture 318
Nematode (Roundworm) Eggs 318
Coccidial Oocysts 318
Sample Collection at Necropsy 319
Shipping Parasitologic Specimens 321
Miscellaneous Procedures for Detection of Digestive Tract Parasites 321
Cellophane Tape Preparation 321
Baermann Technique 322
Blood in the Feces 323
Gross Examination of Vomitus 323
Microscopic Examination of Vomitus 323
Diagnosis of Parasites of the Blood and Blood Vascular System 323
Collection of Blood Samples 324
Examination of Blood 324
Direct Microscopic Examination 324
Thin Blood Smear 325
Thick Blood Smear 325
Buffy Coat Method 326
Modified Knott Technique 326
Immunologic Heartworm Tests 329
Miscellaneous Methods for Microfilarial Identification 329
Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Respiratory System 330
Fecal Examination for Respiratory Parasites 330
Examination of Sputum and Tracheal Washes 330
Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Urinary System 330
Collection of the Urine Sample 330
Urine Examination for Parasites 331
Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Skin 331
Skin Scrapings 331
Cellophane Tape Preparation 332
Gross Specimens 332
Diagnosis of Parasitism of Miscellaneous Body Systems 332
Parasites of the Eye 332
Parasites of the Ear 333
Parasites of the Genital Tract 333
Chapter Seventeen Test 334
Questions for Thought and Discussion 335
18 Reference to Common Parasite Ova and Forms Seen in Veterinary Medicine 336
Outline 336
Common Parasites of Dogs and Cats 336
Common Parasites of Horses 341
Common Parasites of Ruminants 343
Common Parasites of Swine 345
Common Parasites of Exotic Pets and Birds 346
Pseudoparasites 353
Appendix Parasite Reference List by Species and Parasite Type 355
Parasites of Dogs and Cats 355
Nematodes 355
Cestodes 355
Trematodes 355
Acanthocephalans 355
Protozoans 355
Arthropods 356
Pentastomes 356
Annelids 356
Parasites of Ruminants 356
Nematodes 356
Cestodes 356
Trematodes 356
Protozoans 356
Arthopods 357
Annelids 357
Parasites of Horses 357
Nematodes 357
Cestodes 357
Protozoans 357
Arthropods 357
Glossary 361
A 361
B 361
C 362
D 362
E 363
F 363
G 363
H 363
I 364
L 364
M 364
N 365
O 365
P 365
Q 366
R 366
S 367
T 367
U 368
V 368
W 368
Z 368
Index 369
A 369
B 370
C 370
D 372
E 373
F 373
G 374
H 375
I 376
K 376
L 376
M 377
N 378
O 379
P 379
Q 380
R 380
S 381
T 382
U 384
V 384
W 384
Y 384
Z 384